約
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See also: 约
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 915, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27242
- Dae Jaweon: page 1343, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3364, character 15
- Unihan data for U+7D04
Chinese
[edit]trad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. | 约 | |
alternative forms | 𪪊 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character | ||
---|---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
---|---|
*preːwɢs | |
趵 | *preːwɢs, *preːwɢ |
尥 | *breːw, *b·reːwɢs |
箹 | *ʔreːwɢs, *ʔreːwɢ |
*plew, *pʰlew, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ | |
*ʔlewɢs, *ʔlewɢ | |
扚 | *pleːwʔ, *pleːwɢ |
*pleːwɢs | |
瘹 | *teːwɢs |
芍 | *ɡleːwʔ, *spʰlewɢ, *pl'ewɢ, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ |
*pljewɢ | |
灼 | *pljewɢ |
*pljewɢ, *bljewɢ | |
彴 | *pljewɢ |
犳 | *pljewɢ |
妁 | *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ |
汋 | *bljewɢ, *sbreːwɢ |
仢 | *bljewɢ |
葯 | *qlewɢ, *qreːwɢ |
礿 | *lewɢ |
肑 | *preːwɢ, *pleːwɢ |
瓝 | *breːwɢ |
*pleːwɢ | |
靮 | *pleːwɢ |
馰 | *pleːwɢ |
玓 | *pleːwɢ |
魡 | *pleːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuo2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ioh6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): yeh4
- Northern Min (KCR): iŏ̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): iók / ióh
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7iaq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): io6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄝ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yue
- Wade–Giles: yüeh1
- Yale: ywē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iue
- Palladius: юэ (jue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɥɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yao
- Wade–Giles: yao1
- Yale: yāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iau
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: yāo - only the sense of “to weigh on a balance or scale”.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yuo2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
- Sinological IPA (key): /yo²¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: joek3
- Yale: yeuk
- Cantonese Pinyin: joek8
- Guangdong Romanization: yêg3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jœːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yiak2 / yiak1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiak̚⁵⁵/, /jiak̚³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ioh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɔʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok
- Hakka Romanization System: iogˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yog5
- Sinological IPA: /i̯ok̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iogˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yog5
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯ok̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: yeh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /yəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɔ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iók / ióh
- Sinological IPA (key): /yɔʔ²⁴/, /yɔʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- iók - literary;
- ióh - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iok
- Tâi-lô: iok
- Phofsit Daibuun: iog
- IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /iɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
- Tâi-lô: iak
- Phofsit Daibuun: iag
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /iak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
Note:
- iok/iak - literary;
- ioh - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: iag4 / ioh4 / iêh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iak / ioh / ieh
- Sinological IPA (key): /iak̚²/, /ioʔ²/, /ieʔ²/
Note:
- iag4 - literary;
- ioh4/iêh4 - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /yɛ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /iau⁴⁴/ /yɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ye²¹/ | |
Jinan | /yə²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /yə⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /yo²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /yo²¹/ | |
Xining | /yu⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ye¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /yə¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /yɤ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /io²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /yo³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /io²¹/ | |
Kunming | /io³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ioʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /yɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /yəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /yʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /yaʔ⁴³/ /iɔ³¹/ ~ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /iaʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /iɑʔ⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ʔiɑʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /j̠a²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /iɔʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /io⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /io²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /io²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /iɔʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /iok̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ʒok̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jœk̚²/ |
Nanning | /jœk̚³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /jœk̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iɔk̚³²/ /ioʔ³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yɔʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iɔ²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /iak̚²/ /ioʔ²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /iɔk̚⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: 'jak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[q](r)ewk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔlewɢ/
Definitions
[edit]- † to bundle up; to bind
- † rope; cord
- † to restrain; to limit; to keep under control
- to make an appointment; to arrange
- appointment; meeting; arrangement
- treaty; agreement; covenant; pact; contract
- to invite or ask in advance
- † to hinder; to block
- † to save; to economise
- † frugal; economical; thrifty
- † brief; concise; succinct
- † poor; humble; low-ranking
- (mathematics) to reduce (a fraction)
- † to prepare; to equip
- † to seek; to pursue
- † to estimate; to approximate; to reckon
- (colloquial) to weigh (on a balance or scale)
- about; approximately
- (Hong Kong, historical) district (of the City of Victoria)
- (Hong Kong, historical) pact, group of villages (clarification of this definition is needed)
Compounds
[edit]不平等 條約 /不平等 条 约 (bùpíngděng tiáoyuē)不 約 而同/不 约而同 (bùyuē'értóng)不 約 而合/不 约而合 - 丰姿綽約/丰姿绰约
- 丰神綽約/丰神绰约
主 契約 /主 契 约九 國 公約 /九 国 公 约人 約 黃昏 /人 约黄昏 伊 犁條約 /伊 犁条约依 約 /依 约 (yīyuē)借 約 /借 约 (jièyuē)儉約 /俭约 (jiǎnyuē)公約 /公 约 (gōngyuē)公約 數 /公 约数制約 /制 约 (zhìyuē)制約 刺激 /制 约刺激 制約 反應 /制 约反应勞 動 契約 /劳动契 约北京 條約 /北京 条 约協約 /协约 (xiéyuē)協約 國 /协约国 (Xiéyuēguó)南京 條約 /南京 条 约博文 約 禮 /博文 约礼 (bówényuēlǐ)- 厲行
節約 /厉行节约 (lìxíngjiéyuē) 友好 條約 /友好 条 约合 約 /合 约 (héyuē)和平 條約 /和平 条 约 (hépíng tiáoyuē)和 約 /和 约 (héyuē)商 約 /商 约- 售貨
合 約 /售货合 约 單 務 契約 /单务契 约團體 協約 /团体协约基礎 條約 /基 础条约大信 不 約 /大信 不 约大約 /大 约 (dàyuē)太 空 條約 /太 空 条 约失 約 /失 约 (shīyuē)契約 /契 约 (qìyuē)契約 書 /契 约书 (qìyuēshū)契約 說 /契 约说契約 農業 /契 约农业- 如約/如约 (rúyuē)
- 婥約/婥约
- 婉約/婉约
婚約 /婚 约 (hūnyuē)- 婉約
派 /婉约派 守 約 /守 约 (shǒuyuē)守 約 施 博 /守 约施博 定 約 /定 约 (dìngyuē)密約 /密 约 (mìyuē)對等 條約 /对等条 约履 約 /履 约 (lǚyuē)工作 契約 /工作 契 约巴 黎 和 約 /巴 黎 和 约幽 期 密約 /幽 期 密 约廣州 和 約 /广州和 约廢 約 /废约- 彴約/彴约
從 約 /从约成約 /成 约 (chéngyuē)承 攬契約 /承 揽契约括 約 肌 /括 约肌 (kuòyuējī)換 約 /换约文 約 /文 约新約 全書 /新 约全书 (Xīnyuē Quánshū)月 約 星 期 /月 约星期 有償 契約 /有 偿契约有名 契約 /有名 契 约有 約 在 先 /有 约在先 期 約 /期 约桑 中 之 約 /桑 中 之 约條約 /条 约 (tiáoyuē)死亡 約 會 /死亡 约会死 約 會 /死 约会- 毀約/毁约 (huǐyuē)
洛 桑 公約 /洛 桑 公 约無償 契約 /无偿契 约燕 約 鶯 期 /燕 约莺期 - 爽約/爽约 (shuǎngyuē)
特約 /特 约 (tèyuē)特約 商店 /特 约商店 特約 演 員 /特 约演员- 璦琿
條約 /瑷珲条 约 由博 返 約 /由博 返 约界 約 /界 约畔 約 /畔 约盟約 /盟 约 (méngyuē)相 約 /相 约 (xiāngyuē)破約 /破 约 (pòyuē)- 租約/租约 (zūyuē)
- 租賃
契約 /租赁契 约 稿 約 /稿 约穿 鼻 草 約 /穿 鼻 草 约- 窨約/窨约
立 約 /立 约 (lìyuē)節約 /节约 (jiéyuē)節約 能 源 /节约能 源 管 約 /管 约簡約 /简约 (jiǎnyuē)- 簽約/签约 (qiānyuē)
約 克 夏 /约克夏 約 克 夏 豬/约克夏 猪 (yuēkèxià zhū)約分 /约分 (yuēfēn)約 分數 /约分数 約 同 /约同約定 /约定 (yuēdìng)約定 俗 成 /约定俗 成 (yuēdìngsúchéng)約 從 /约从約 指 /约指 (yuēzhǐ)約 拿書/约拿书 (Yuēnáshū)約 據 /约据約數 /约数 (yuēshù)約 旦 /约旦 (Yuēdàn)約 旦 河 /约旦河 (Yuēdànhé)約 會 /约会 (yuēhuì)約 期 /约期 (yuēqī)約束 /约束 (yuēshù)約 法 /约法 (yuēfǎ)約 法 三 章 /约法三 章 (yuēfǎsānzhāng)約 瑟夫/约瑟夫 (Yuēsèfū)約 略 /约略 (yuēlüè)約 約 /约约約 翰/约翰 (Yuēhàn)約 翰牛/约翰牛 約 翰福音 /约翰福音 (Yuēhàn Fúyīn)約 翰遜/约翰逊 (Yuēhànxùn)約 莫/约莫 (yuēmo)約 見 /约见 (yuējiàn)約言 /约言約 計 /约计約 談 /约谈 (yuētán)約 請/约请 (yuēqǐng)約 迭/约迭約 集 /约集約 章 /约章 (yuēzhāng)紐 約 /纽约 (Niǔyuē)紐 約 州 /纽约州 紐 約 影 展 /纽约影 展 結 約 /结约- 綽約/绰约 (chuòyuē)
- 綽約
多 姿 /绰约多 姿 締約 /缔约 (dìyuē)締約 國 /缔约国 續 約 /续约 (xùyuē)罰 約 /罚约背 約 /背 约 (bèiyuē)舊約 /旧 约 (jiùyuē)舊約 全書 /旧 约全书 (Jiùyuē Quánshū)花 約 /花 约草 約 /草 约 (cǎoyuē)華 沙 公約 /华沙公 约萎 約 /萎 约 (wěiyuē)虎 門 條約 /虎 门条约處 約 /处约補 約 /补约要約 /要 约要約 人 /要 约人規約 /规约 (guīyuē)解約 /解 约 (jiěyuē)訂 約 /订约 (dìngyuē)誓約 /誓 约 (shìyuē)變約 /变约負 約 /负约 (fùyuē)- 赴約/赴约 (fùyuē)
- 踐約/践约 (jiànyuē)
辛 丑 和 約 /辛 丑 和 约通商 條約 /通商 条 约違 信 背 約 /违信背 约違約 /违约 (wéiyuē)違約 交割/违约交割違約 金 /违约金 (wéiyuējīn)- 邀約/邀约 (yāoyuē)
鄉 約 /乡约隨意 契約 /随意 契 约隱 約 /隐约 (yǐnyuē)雙務 契約 /双 务契约- 雞黍
之 約 /鸡黍之 约 雨 約 雲 期 /雨 约云期 非 戰 公約 /非 战公约預 約 /预约 (yùyuē)風姿 綽約/风姿绰约馬 關 條約 /马关条 约 (Mǎguān Tiáoyuē)黃 埔條約 /黄 埔条约
Descendants
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yào
- Wade–Giles: yao4
- Yale: yàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yaw
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: 'jiewH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[q]ewk-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔlewɢs/
Definitions
[edit]- † Alternative form of
要 (yào, “gist; essentials”)
Pronunciation 3
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dì
- Wade–Giles: ti4
- Yale: dì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dih
- Palladius: ди (di)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]- † cord for the string of a stringed instrument
References
[edit]- “
約 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]- contract, promise
- to contract, to shorten
- approximately, roughly
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō); よう (yō)←えう (eu, historical)
- Kan-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō); よう (yō)←えう (eu, historical)
- Kun: つづまやか (tsuzumayaka,
約 やか); つづめる (tsuzumeru,約 める)
Compounds
[edit]一 約 (ichiyaku)契 約 (keiyaku): contract, agreement条 約 (jōyaku): treaty予 約 (yoyaku): reservation, appointment約 束 (yakusoku): promise
Kanji in this term |
---|
やく Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]- about, approximately
約 一 ヶ月 - yaku iggagetsu
- approximately one month
宇宙 の直径 は約 930億 光年 だ。- Uchū no chokkei wa yaku kyūhyakusanjū-oku kōnen da.
- The diameter of the universe is some 93 billion light years.
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ja̠k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [약]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Chữ Hán
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約 - Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- zh:Mathematics
- Chinese colloquialisms
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- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese fourth grade kanji
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading やく
- Japanese kanji with goon reading よう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading えう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading やく
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading よう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading えう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つづま・やか
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つづ・める
- Japanese terms spelled with
約 read as やく - Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adverbs
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with
約 - Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters