深ふか

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See also: 探さがせ
深ふか U+6DF1, 深
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DF1
← 淰
[U+6DF0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 淲 →
[U+6DF2]

Translingual

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Stroke order
11 strokes

Han character

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深ふか (Kangxi radical 85, 水みず+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水月すいげつ金木かなぎ (EBCD), four-corner 37194, composition ⿰氵罙)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 632, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17687
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1034, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1662, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6DF1

Chinese

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trad. 深ふか
simp. # 深ふか
alternative forms 㴱
罙
𰜿

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (罙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
探さがせ *l̥ʰuːm, *l̥ʰuːms
棎 *ɦljom
賝 *l̥ʰum
琛 *l̥ʰum
穼 *srum
深ふか *hljum, *hljums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *hljum, *hljums) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 𥥍 ().

Etymology

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Unger (1995) that 深ふか (shēn) had Old Chinese initial *n- because of 淰 (shěn)'s phonetic component 念ねん (niàn).

Schuessler (2007) reconstructs 深ふか (OC *nhəm) & proposes relations to Mizo hniam (“to be low, to sink into (land)”), Burmese နိမ့် (nim., “low”), Tangkhul Naga [script needed] (kʰənim, “to be humble”), Tibetan ནེམས་ (nems, “sink a little, give way”), which Schuessler traces to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *nem (“low”), which STEDT in turn derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-n(i/u)(ː)p/m ~ *r/s-nyap/m (“pinch, squeeze; press, oppress; submerge, sink into, west, low, soft”). If so, 深ふか (OC *nhəm) is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan.

Schuessler also notices 深ふか (OC *nhəm)'s similarity to 沉 (OC *d-ləm), which he considers to be an areal etymon.

Possibly cognate with 探さがせ (tàn) and 揇 (nǎn) (however, see there).

深ふか (OC *nhəms), "depth" (in Rites of Zhou) & whence MC ɕiɪmH, is nominal derivation with suffix *-s (> departing tone).

淰 (OC *nhəmʔ), "be startled and flee (of fish); i.e. to sink into the deep" (in Liji) & whence Mandarin shěn, is endoactive derivative with *-ʔ (> rising tone).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chhim - vernacular;
  • sim - literary.
Note:
  • cim1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • cing1 - Chenghai.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 深ふか
Mandarin Beijing /ʂən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʂən²¹/
/sən²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʃə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
Xi'an /ʂẽ²¹/
Xining /ʂə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂəŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ʂɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʂə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʂən³¹/
Hefei /ʂən²¹/
/ʈ͡ʂʰən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʂəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /səŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sen³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /ɕian¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən³³/
Xiangtan /ʂən³³/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰəm⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃʰem²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐm⁵³/
Nanning /sɐm⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐm⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sim⁵⁵/
/t͡sʰim⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰeiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰim³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sim²³/
Rime
Character 深ふか 深ふか
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲こえ) 書しょ (26) 書しょ (26)
Final (韻いん) 侵おかせ (139) 侵おかせ (139)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open Open
Division (等ひとし) III III
Fanqie 式しき針はり切きり 式しき禁きん切きり
Baxter syim syimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiɪm/ /ɕiɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕim/ /ɕimH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjem/ /ɕjemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕim/ /ɕimH/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiəm/ /ɕiəmH/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭĕm/ /ɕĭĕmH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯əm/ /ɕi̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shēn shèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sam1 sam3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 深ふか 深ふか
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shēn shēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syim › ‹ syimH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[l̥][ə]m/ /*[l̥][ə]m-s/
English deep depth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 深ふか 深ふか
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11255 11256
Phonetic
component 		罙 罙
Rime
group 		侵おかせ 侵おかせ
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		深ふか 深ふか
Old
Chinese 		/*hljum/ /*hljums/

Definitions

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深ふか

  1. (of distance) deep
    Antonym: 淺あさ／浅あさ
  2. depth; deepness
  3. (of relationships, etc.) deep; profound
  4. (of difficulty) great; profound; obtuse; obscure
    呢一いち題だい好このみ深ふか。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢一いち题好このみ深ふか。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 jat1 tai4 hou2 sam1. [Jyutping]
    This question is really hard to solve.
    本ほん書しょ太ふとし深ふか喇，我わが讀極ごく都と唔明あきら。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    本ほん书太ふとし深ふか喇，我わが读极都と唔明あきら。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    bun2 syu1 taai3 sam1 laa3, ngo5 duk6 gik6 dou1 m4 ming4. [Jyutping]
    This book is too hard; I still can't get it after reading it many times.
  5. (of time) long
  6. (of colors) deep; dark
    Synonym: 濃こ／浓 (nóng)
    Antonyms: 淺あさ／浅あさ, 淡あわ
  7. very; extremely
    Synonym: 非常ひじょう (fēicháng)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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深ふか

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. deep, close, thick, profound

Readings

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Derived terms

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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

深ふか (eumhun 깊을 심 (gipeul sim))

  1. hanja form? of 심 (“deep”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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深ふか: Hán Nôm readings: thâm, thăm, thum, thẫm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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