Daftar Kaisar Jepang
Tampilan
(Dialihkan dari Fujiwara no Kinshi (Go-Shirakawa))
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Kaisar Jepang | |
---|---|
Kekaisaran | |
Sedang berkuasa | |
Naruhito sejak 1 Mei 2019 | |
Perincian | |
Sapaan resmi | Baginda (Heika, |
Penguasa pertama | Kaisar Jimmu |
Pembentukan | 660 SM |
Kediaman | Istana Kekaisaran Tokyo sebagai kediaman resmi |
Situs web | Badan Rumah Tangga Kekaisaran |
Berikut daftar kaisar Jepang, satu-satunya negara modern yang kepala negaranya adalah seorang kaisar.
Daftar kaisar
[sunting | sunting sumber]Bagian ini memerlukan pengembangan. Anda dapat membantu dengan mengembangkannya. |
No. | Potret | Nama pribadi | Nama anumerta | Pemerintahan dan nama era[1][2][i] | Rincian kehidupan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Hikohohodemi 彦火 |
Kaisar Jimmu |
660–585 SM (75 tahun) |
721 or 711–585 SM (126 atau 136 tahun) Son of kami Ugayafukiaezu. Claimed descent from the sun goddess, Amaterasu. Defeated Nagasunehiko in the Eastern Expedition to become Kaisar. Presumed legendary.[4] | |
2 | Kamununakawamimi |
Kaisar Suizei 綏靖 |
581–549 SM (32 tahun) |
632–549 SM (83 tahun) Son of Kaisar Jimmu. Presumed legendary.[5] | |
3 | Shikitsuhikotamatemi |
Kaisar Annei |
549–511 SM (37 tahun) |
567–511 SM (56 tahun) Son of Kaisar Suizei. Presumed legendary.[6] | |
4 | Ōyamatohikosukitomo |
Kaisar Itoku 懿徳 |
510–477 SM (33 tahun) |
553–477 SM (76 tahun) Son of Kaisar Annei. Presumed legendary.[7] | |
5 | Mimatsuhikokaeshine |
Kaisar Kōshō |
475–393 SM (82 tahun) |
506–393 SM (113 tahun) Son of Kaisar Itoku. Presumed legendary.[8] | |
6 | Yamatotarashihikokunioshihito |
Kaisar Kōan |
392–291 SM (101 tahun) |
427–291 SM (136 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kōshō. Presumed legendary.[9] | |
7 | Ōyamatonekohikofutoni |
Kaisar Kōrei |
290–215 SM (75 tahun) |
342–215 SM (127 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kōan. Presumed legendary.[10] | |
8 | Ōyamatonekohikokunikuru |
Kaisar Kōgen |
214–158 SM (56 tahun) |
273–158 SM (115 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kōrei. Presumed legendary.[11] | |
9 | Wakayamato Nekohiko Ōbibi |
Kaisar Kaika |
157–98 SM (59 tahun) |
208–98 SM (110 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kōgen. Presumed legendary.[12] | |
10 | Mimaki |
Kaisar Sujin |
97–30 SM (67 tahun) |
148–30 SM (118 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kaika. First Kaisar with a direct possibility of existence.[13] Still presumed legendary.[14] | |
11 | Ikume |
Kaisar Suinin |
29 SM–M 70 (99 tahun) |
69 SM–M 70 (127 tahun) Son of Kaisar Sujin. Presumed legendary.[15] | |
12 | Ōtarashihiko |
Kaisar Keikō |
71–130 (59 tahun) |
13 SM–M 130 (143 tahun) Son of Kaisar Suinin. Presumed legendary.[16] | |
13 | Wakatarashihiko |
Kaisar Seimu |
131–190 (59 tahun) |
84–190 (106 tahun) Son of Kaisar Keikō. Presumed legendary.[17] | |
14 | Tarashinakatsuhiko |
Kaisar Chūai |
192–200 (8 tahun) |
149–200 (51 tahun) Grandson of Kaisar Keikō; nephew of Kaisar Seimu. First Kaisar to ascend the throne without being the son of the previous Kaisar. Died during a campaign against the Kumaso tribe. Presumed legendary.[18] | |
– | Okinagatarashi |
Permaisuri Jingū |
201–269 (68 tahun) |
170–269 (99 tahun) Wife of Kaisar Chūai; mother and regent of Kaisar Ōjin. Not counted among the officially numbered emperors. Presumed legendary.[19] | |
15 | Homutawake |
Kaisar Ōjin |
270–310 (40 tahun) |
201–310 (109 tahun) Son of Kaisar Chūai and Maharani Jingū. Deified in Shinto and Buddhism in Japan as Hachiman. Presumed legendary.[20] | |
16 | Ohosazaki |
Kaisar Nintoku |
313–399 (86 tahun) |
290–399 (108–109 tahun) Son of Kaisar Ōjin. Presumed legendary.[21] | |
17 | Ōenoizahowake |
Kaisar Richū |
400–405 (5 tahun) |
336–405 (69 tahun) Son of Kaisar Nintoku. Presumed legendary.[22] | |
18 | Mizuhawake |
Kaisar Hanzei |
406–410 (5 tahun) |
352–411 (59 tahun) Son of Kaisar Nintoku; younger brother of Kaisar Richū. Presumed legendary.[23] | |
19 | Oasatsuma Wakugo no Sukune |
Kaisar Ingyō |
411–453 (42 tahun) |
376–453 (77 tahun) Son of Kaisar Nintoku; younger brother of Kaisar Richū and Kaisar Hanzei. Presumed legendary.[24] | |
20 | Anaho |
Kaisar Ankō |
453–456 (3 tahun) |
401–456 (55 tahun) Son of Kaisar Ingyō. Assassinated by Prince Mayowa. Presumed legendary.[25] | |
21 | Ōhatuse no Wakatakeru |
Kaisar Yūryaku |
456–479 (23 tahun) |
418–479 (61 tahun) Son of Kaisar Ingyō; younger brother of Kaisar Ankō. Presumed legendary.[26] | |
22 | Shiraka |
Kaisar Seinei |
480–484 (4 tahun) |
444–484 (40 tahun) Son of Kaisar Yūryaku. Presumed legendary.[27] | |
23 | Woke |
Kaisar Kenzō |
485–487 (2 tahun) |
450–487 (37 tahun) Grandson of Kaisar Richū; cousin and adopted son of Kaisar Seinei. Presumed legendary.[28] | |
24 | Oke |
Kaisar Ninken |
488–498 (10 tahun) |
448–498 (50 tahun) Grandson of Kaisar Richū; cousin and adopted son of Kaisar Seinei; older brother of Kaisar Kenzō. Presumed legendary.[29] | |
25 | Ohatsuse no Wakasazaki |
Kaisar Buretsu |
499–506 (7 tahun) |
489–506 (17 tahun) Son of Kaisar Ninken. Presumed legendary.[30] | |
26 | Ohodo[ii] 袁本 |
Kaisar Keitai |
507–531 (24 tahun) |
450–531 (81 tahun) 5th-generation grandson of Kaisar Ōjin. Became Kaisar at the recommendation of Ōtomo no Kanamura. Possible founder of a new dynasty. Presumed legendary.[31][32] | |
27 | Magari 勾 |
Kaisar Ankan |
534–535 (1 year) |
466–535 (69 tahun) Son of Kaisar Keitai. Presumed legendary.[33] | |
28 | Hinokuma-no-takata |
Kaisar Senka |
536–539 (3 tahun) |
467–539 (72 tahun) Son of Kaisar Keitai; younger brother of Kaisar Ankan. Presumed legendary.[34] | |
29 | Amekunioshiharakihironiwa |
Kaisar Kinmei 欽明 |
540–571 (31 tahun) |
509–571 (62 tahun) Son of Kaisar Keitai; younger brother of Kaisar Ankan and Kaisar Senka. First historically verifiable Kaisar.[35][36] | |
30 | Nunakura no Futotamashiki 渟 |
Kaisar Bidatsu |
572–585 (13 tahun) |
538–585 (47 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kinmei.[37] | |
31 | Tachibana no Toyohi |
Kaisar Yōmei |
586–587 (1 year) |
517–587 (70 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kinmei; half-brother of Kaisar Bidatsu.[38] | |
32 | Hatsusebe |
Kaisar Sushun |
588–592 (4 tahun) |
522–592 (70 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kinmei; half-brother of Kaisar Bidatsu and Kaisar Yōmei. Made Kaisar by Soga no Umako following the Soga–Mononobe conflict. Assassinated by Yamatonoaya no Koma on the orders of Soga no Umako.[39] | |
33 | Nukatabe |
Maharani Suiko |
593–628 (35 tahun) |
554–628 (74 tahun) Daughter of Kaisar Kinmei; half-sister and wife of Kaisar Bidatsu. First non-legendary female monarch. Prince Shōtoku acted as her regent.[40] | |
34 | Tamura |
Kaisar Jomei 舒明 |
629–641 (12 tahun) |
593–641 (48 tahun) Grandson of Kaisar Bidatsu; great nephew of Maharani Suiko.[41] | |
35 | Takara |
Maharani Kōgyoku |
642–645 (3 tahun) |
594–661 (67 tahun) Great-granddaughter of Kaisar Bidatsu; wife of Kaisar Jomei. First reign. Abdicated as a result of the Isshi incident.[42] | |
36 | Karu |
Kaisar Kōtoku |
645–654 (9 tahun) Taika, Hakuchi |
597–654 (57 tahun) Great-grandson of Kaisar Bidatsu; younger brother of Maharani Kōgyoku. First era name assigned.[43] | |
37 | Takara |
Maharani Saimei |
655–661 (6 tahun) |
594–661 (67 tahun) Older sister of Kaisar Kōtoku. Previously reigned as Maharani Kōgyoku. Second reign.[44] | |
38 | Kazuraki |
Kaisar Tenji |
662–672 (10 tahun) |
626–672 (46 tahun) Son of Kaisar Jomei and Maharani Kōgyoku.[45] | |
39 | Ōtomo[iii] |
Kaisar Kōbun |
672 (8 months) |
648–672 (24 tahun) Son of Kaisar Tenji. Deposed and committed suicide during the Jinshin War. Not recognized as Kaisar until 1870.[46] | |
40 | Ōama |
Kaisar Tenmu |
673–686 (14 tahun) Shuchō |
622–686 (56 tahun) Son of Kaisar Jomei and Maharani Kōgyoku; younger brother of Kaisar Tenji. Deposed his nephew, Kaisar Kōbun, during the Jinshin War.[47] | |
41 | Unonosarara[iv] 鸕野 |
Maharani Jitō |
687–697 (10 tahun)[v] |
646–703 (57 tahun) Daughter of Kaisar Tenji; niece and wife of Kaisar Tenmu. Abdicated.[49] | |
42 | Karu[vi] 珂瑠 |
Kaisar Monmu |
697–707 (10 tahun) Taihō, Keiun |
683–707 (24 tahun) Grandson of Kaisar Tenmu and Maharani Jitō.[50] | |
43 | Ahe[vii] |
Maharani Genmei |
707–715 (8 tahun) Keiun, Wadō |
660–721 (61 tahun) Daughter of Kaisar Tenji; half-sister of Maharani Jitō; mother of Kaisar Monmu. Abdicated.[51] | |
44 | Hidaka[viii] |
Maharani Genshō |
715–724 (9 tahun) Reiki, Yōrō |
681–748 (67 tahun) Daughter of Maharani Genmei; elder sister of Kaisar Monmu. Only instance of an Maharani regnant inheriting the throne from another Maharani regnant. Abdicated.[52] | |
45 | Obito |
Kaisar Shōmu |
724–749 (25 tahun) Jinki, Tenpyō, Tenpyō-kanpō |
699–756 (57 tahun) Son of Kaisar Monmu; nephew of Maharani Genshō. Abdicated.[53] | |
46 | Abe |
Maharani Kōken |
749–758 (9 tahun) Tenpyō-kanpō, Tenpyō-shōhō, Tenpyō-hōji |
718–770 (52 tahun) Daughter of Kaisar Shōmu. First reign. Abdicated.[54] | |
47 | Ōi |
Kaisar Junnin |
758–764 (6 tahun) Tenpyō-hōji |
733–765 (32 tahun) Grandson of Kaisar Tenmu; cousin of Maharani Kōken. Deposed. Posthumously named Kaisar in 1870.[55] | |
48 | Abe |
Maharani Shōtoku |
764–770 (6 tahun) Tenpyō-hōji, Tenpyō-jingo, Jingo-keiun |
718–770 (52 tahun) Deposed her cousin, Kaisar Junnin. Previously reigned as Maharani Kōken. Second reign.[56] | |
49 | Shirakabe |
Kaisar Kōnin |
770–781 (11 tahun) Hōki, Ten'ō |
708–782 (73 tahun) Grandson of Kaisar Tenji; brother-in-law of Permasuri Shōtoku. Abdicated.[57] | |
50 | Yamabe |
Kaisar Kanmu |
781–806 (25 tahun) Ten'ō, Enryaku |
736–806 (70 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kōnin.[58] | |
51 | Ate |
Kaisar Heizei |
806–809 (3 tahun) Daidō |
773–824 (51 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kanmu. Abdicated.[59] | |
52 | Kamino |
Kaisar Saga |
809–823 (14 tahun) Daidō, Kōnin |
785–842 (57 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kanmu; younger brother of Kaisar Heizei. Abdicated.[60] | |
53 | Ōtomo |
Kaisar Junna |
823–833 (10 tahun) Kōnin, Tenchō |
786–840 (54 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kanmu; younger brother of Kaisar Heizei and Kaisar Saga. Abdicated.[61] | |
54 | Masara |
Kaisar Ninmyō |
833–850 (17 tahun) Tenchō, Jōwa, Kashō |
808–850 (41 tahun) Son of Kaisar Saga; nephew and adopted son of Kaisar Junna.[62] | |
55 | Michiyasu |
Kaisar Montoku |
850–858 (8 tahun) Kashō, Ninju, Saikō, Ten'an |
827–858 (31 tahun) Son of Kaisar Ninmyō.[63] | |
56 | Korehito |
Kaisar Seiwa |
858–876 (18 tahun) Ten'an, Jōgan |
850–881 (30 tahun) Son of Empereor Montoku. Abdicated.[64] | |
57 | Sadaakira |
Kaisar Yōzei |
876–884 (8 tahun) Jōgan, Gangyō |
869–949 (80 tahun) Son of Kaisar Seiwa. Deposed by Fujiwara no Mototsune.[65] | |
58 | Tokiyasu |
Kaisar Kōkō |
884–887 (3 tahun) Gangyō, Ninna |
830–887 (57 tahun) Son of Kaisar Ninmyō; great uncle of Kaisar Yōzei. Became Kaisar at the recommendation of Fujiwara no Mototsune.[66] | |
59 | Sadami |
Kaisar Uda |
887–897 (10 tahun) Ninna, Kanpyō |
866–931 (65 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kōkō. Abdicated.[67] | |
60 | Atsuhito[ix] |
Kaisar Daigo |
897–930 (33 tahun) Kanpyō, Shōtai, Engi, Enchō |
884–930 (46 tahun) Son of Kaisar Uda. Abdicated.[68] | |
61 | Yutaakira[x] |
Kaisar Suzaku |
930–946 (16 tahun) Enchō, Jōhei, Tengyō |
921–952 (30 tahun) Son of Kaisar Daigo. Abdicated.[69] | |
62 | Nariakira |
Kaisar Murakami |
946–967 (21 tahun) Tengyō, Tenryaku, Tentoku, Ōwa, Kōhō |
924–967 (42 tahun) Son of Kaisar Daigo; younger brother of Kaisar Suzaku.[70] | |
63 | Norihara |
Kaisar Reizei |
967–969 (2 tahun) Kōhō, Anna |
949–1011 (62 tahun) Son of Kaisar Murakami. Abdicated.[71] | |
64 | Morihira |
Kaisar En'yū |
969–984 (15 tahun) Anna, Tenroku, Ten'en, Jōgen, Tengen, Eikan |
958–991 (32 tahun) Son of Kaisar Murakami; younger brother of Kaisar Reizei. Abdicated.[72] | |
65 | Morosada |
Kaisar Kazan |
984–986 (2 tahun) Eikan, Kanna |
968–1008 (39 tahun) Son of Kaisar Reizei; nephew of Kaisar En'yū. Abdicated.[73] | |
66 | Kanehito |
Kaisar Ichijō |
986–1011 (25 tahun) Kanna, Eien, Eiso, Shōryaku, Chōtoku, Chōhō, Kankō |
980–1011 (31 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kaisar En'yū. Abdicated.[74] | |
67 | Okisada[xi] |
Kaisar Sanjō |
1011–1016 (5 tahun) Kankō, Chōwa |
975–1017 (42 tahun) Son of Kaisar Reizei; half-brother of Kaisar Kazan; cousin of Kaisar Ichijō. Abdicated.[75] | |
68 | Atsuhira[xii] |
Kaisar Go-Ichijō |
1016–1036 (20 tahun) Chōwa, Kannin, Jian, Manju, Chōgen |
1008–1036 (27 tahun) Son of Kaisar Ichijō; cousin of Kaisar Sanjō.[76] | |
69 | Atsunaga |
Kaisar Go-Suzaku |
1036–1045 (9 tahun) Chōgen, Chōryaku, Chōkyū, Kantoku |
1009–1045 (37 tahun) Son of Kaisar Ichijō; younger brother of Kaisar Go-Ichijō. Abdicated.[77] | |
70 | Chikahito |
Kaisar Go-Reizei |
1045–1068 (23 tahun) Kantoku, Eishō, Tengi, Kōhei, Jiryaku |
1025–1068 (42 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Suzaku.[78] | |
71 | Takahito |
Kaisar Go-Sanjō |
1068–1073 (5 tahun) Jiryaku, Enkyū |
1032–1073 (40 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Suzaku; half-brother of Kaisar Go-Reizei. Abdicated.[79] | |
72 | Sadahito |
Kaisar Shirakawa |
1073–1087 (14 tahun) Enkyū, Jōhō, Jōryaku, Eihō, Ōtoku |
1053–1129 (76 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Sanjō. Abdicated.[80] | |
73 | Taruhito[xiii] |
Kaisar Horikawa |
1087–1107 (20 tahun) Kanji, Kahō, Eichō, Jōtoku, Kōwa, Chōji, Kajō |
1079–1107 (28 tahun) Son of Kaisar Shirakawa.[81] | |
74 | Munehito |
Kaisar Toba |
1107–1123 (16 tahun) Kajō, Tennin, Ten'ei, Eikyū, Gen'ei, Hōan |
1103–1156 (53 tahun) Son of Kaisar Horikawa. Forced to abdicate by Kaisar Shirakawa.[82] | |
75 | Akihito |
Kaisar Sutoku |
1123–1142 (19 tahun) Hōan, Tenji, Daiji, Tenshō, Chōshō, Hōen, Eiji |
1119–1164 (45 tahun) Son of Kaisar Toba. Abdicated. Attempted to depose Kaisar Go-Shirakawa during the Hōgen rebellion.[83] | |
76 | Narihito |
Kaisar Konoe |
1142–1155 (13 tahun) Eiji, Kōji, Ten'yō, Kyūan, Ninpei, Kyūju |
1139–1155 (16 tahun) Son of Kaisar Toba; half-brother of Kaisar Sutoku.[84] | |
77 | Masahito |
Kaisar Go-Shirakawa |
1155–1158 (3 tahun) Kyūju, Hōgen |
1127–1192 (64 tahun) Son of Kaisar Toba; younger brother of Kaisar Sutoku; half-brother of Kaisar Konoe. Abdicated.[85] | |
78 | Morihito |
Kaisar Nijō |
1158–1165 (7 tahun) Hōgen, Heiji, Eiryaku, Ōhō, Chōkan |
1143–1165 (22 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Shirakawa. Abdicated.[86] | |
79 | Nobuhito[xiv] |
Kaisar Rokujō |
1165–1168 (3 tahun) Chōkan, Eiman, Nin'an |
1164–1176 (11 tahun) Son of Kaisar Nijō. Deposed by Kaisar Go-Shirakawa.[87] | |
80 | Norihito[xv] |
Kaisar Takakura |
1168–1180 (12 tahun) Nin'an, Kaō, Jōan, Angen, Jishō |
1161–1181 (19 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Shirakawa; half-brother of Kaisar Nijō; uncle of Kaisar Rokujō. Forced to abdicate by Taira no Kiyomori.[88] | |
81 | Tokohito[xvi] |
Kaisar Antoku |
1180–1185 (5 tahun) Jishō, Yōwa, Juei, Genryaku |
1178–1185 (6 tahun) Son of Kaisar Takakura. Died at the Battle of Dan-no-ura during the Genpei War.[89] | |
82 | Takahira[xvii] |
Kaisar Go-Toba |
1183–1198 (15 tahun) Juei, Genryaku, Bunji, Kenkyū |
1180–1239 (58 tahun) Son of Kaisar Takakura; half-brother of Kaisar Antoku. Made Kaisar by Kaisar Go-Shirakawa during the Genpei War. Kamakura shogunate turned the Kaisar into a figurehead. Abdicated. Attempted to overthrow the Kamakura shogunate during the Jōkyū War.[90] | |
83 | Tamehito |
Kaisar Tsuchimikado |
1198–1210 (12 tahun) Kenkyū, Shōji, Kennin, Genkyū, Ken'ei, Jōgen |
1196–1231 (35 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Toba. Persuaded by Kaisar Go-Toba to abdicate. Exiled following the Jōkyū War.[91] | |
84 | Morinari |
Kaisar Juntoku |
1210–1221 (11 tahun) Jōgen, Kenryaku, Kempo, Jōkyū |
1197–1242 (44 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Toba; half-brother of Kaisar Tsuchimikado. Forced to abdicate following the Jōkyū War.[92] | |
85 | Kanenari |
Kaisar Chūkyō |
1221 (2 months) Jōkyū |
1218–1234 (15 tahun) Son of Kaisar Juntoku. Deposed and exiled following the Jōkyū War. Posthumously named Kaisar in 1870.[93] | |
86 | Yutahito[xviii] |
Kaisar Go-Horikawa |
1221–1232 (11 tahun) Jōkyū, Jōō, Gennin, Karoku, Antei, Kangi, Jōei |
1212–1234 (22 tahun) Grandson of Kaisar Takakura; first cousin of Kaisar Chūkyō. Abdicated.[94] | |
87 | Mitsuhito[xix] |
Kaisar Shijō |
1232–1242 (10 tahun) Jōei, Tenpuku, Bunryaku, Katei, Ryakunin, En'ō, Ninji |
1231–1242 (10 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Horikawa.[95] | |
88 | Kunihito |
Kaisar Go-Saga |
1242–1246 (4 tahun) Ninji, Kangen |
1220–1272 (51 tahun) Son of Kaisar Tsuchimikado; second cousin of Kaisar Shijō. Abdicated.[96] | |
89 | Hisahito |
Kaisar Go-Fukakusa |
1246–1260 (14 tahun) Kangen, Hōji, Kenchō, Kōgen, Shōka, Shōgen |
1243–1304 (61 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Saga. From the Jimyōin line. Abdicated at the insistence of Kaisar Go-Saga.[97] | |
90 | Tsunehito |
Kaisar Kameyama |
1260–1274 (14 tahun) Shōgen, Bun'ō, Kōchō, Bun'ei |
1249–1305 (56 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Saga; younger brother of Kaisar Go-Fukakusa. From the Daikakuji line. Abdicated.[98] | |
91 | Yohito |
Kaisar Go-Uda |
1274–1287 (13 tahun) Bun'ei, Kenji, Kōan |
1267–1324 (56 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kameyama. From the Daikakuji line. Forced to abdicate by Kaisar Go-Fukakusa.[99] | |
92 | Hirohito 熈仁 |
Kaisar Fushimi |
1287–1298 (11 tahun) Kōan, Shōō, Einin |
1265–1317 (52 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Fukakusa. From the Jimyōin line. Abdicated.[100] | |
93 | Tanehito |
Kaisar Go-Fushimi |
1298–1301 (3 tahun) Einin, Shōan |
1288–1336 (48 tahun) Son of Kaisar Fushimi. From the Jimyōin line. Forced to abdicate by the Daikakuji line. Traditional dates used.[101] | |
94 | Kuniharu |
Kaisar Go-Nijō |
1301–1308 (7 tahun) Shōan, Kengen, Kagen, Tokuji |
1285–1308 (23 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Uda. From the Daikakuji line.[102] | |
95 | Tomihito |
Kaisar Hanazono |
1308–1318 (10 tahun) Enkyō, Ōchō, Shōwa, Bunpō |
1297–1348 (51 tahun) Son of Kaisar Fushimi. From the Jimyōin line. Agreed to alternate control of the throne between the Daikakuji and Jimyōin lines.[103] | |
96 | Takaharu |
Kaisar Go-Daigo |
1318–1339 (21 tahun) Bunpō, Gen'ō, Genkō (1321–24), Shōchū, Karyaku, Gentoku, Genkō (1331–34), Kenmu, Engen |
1288–1339 (50 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Uda; younger brother of Kaisar Go-Nijō. From the Daikakuji line. Kamakura shogunate ended in the Genkō War. Brief imperial rule during the Kenmu Restoration. Opposed the Ashikaga shogunate. Became the first Kaisar of the Southern Court.[104] | |
97 | Noriyoshi[xx] |
Kaisar Go-Murakami |
1339–1368 (29 tahun) Engen, Kōkoku, Shōhei |
1328–1368 (40 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Daigo. Second Kaisar of the Southern Court. Southern Court briefly took the Northern Court's capital, Kyoto, during the Kannō disturbance.[105] | |
98 | Yutanari |
Kaisar Chōkei |
1368–1383 (15 tahun) Shōhei, Kentoku, Bunchū, Tenju, Kōwa |
1343–1394 (51 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Murakami. Third Kaisar of the Southern Court. Abdicated.[106] | |
99 | Hironari 熙成 |
Kaisar Go-Kameyama |
1383–1392 (9 tahun) Kōwa, Genchū |
ca 1347–1424 (ca 77 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Murakami; younger brother of Kaisar Chōkei. Fourth and last Kaisar of the Southern Court. Agreed to peace with the Northern Court. Abdicated in favor of the Northern Court line.[107] | |
(1) | Kazuhito |
Kaisar Kōgon |
1331–1333 (2 tahun) Gentoku, Shōkyō |
1313–1364 (51 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Fushimi; nephew and adopted son of Kaisar Hanazono. From the Jimyōin line. Made the first Kaisar of the Northern Court by the Kamakura shogunate during the Genkō War. Deposed by Kaisar Go-Daigo of the Daikakuji line. Captured by the Southern Court during the Kannō disturbance.[108] | |
(2) | Yutahito |
Kaisar Kōmyō |
1336–1348 (12 tahun) Kenmu, Ryakuō, Kōei, Jōwa |
1322–1380 (58 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Fushimi; younger brother of Kaisar Kōgon. Made second Kaisar of the Northern Court by the Ashikaga shogunate. Abdicated. Captured by the Southern Court during the Kannō disturbance.[109] | |
(3) | Okihito[xxi] |
Kaisar Sukō |
1348–1351 (3 tahun) Jōwa, Kannō |
1334–1398 (64 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kōgon; nephew of Kaisar Kōmyō. Third Kaisar of the Northern Court. Abdicated. Captured by the Southern Court during the Kannō disturbance.[110] | |
(4) | Iyahito |
Kaisar Go-Kōgon |
1352–1371 (19 tahun) Bunna, Kōan, Jōji, Ōan |
1338–1374 (36 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kōgon; younger brother of Kaisar Sukō. Became the fourth Kaisar of the Northern Court after the Kannō disturbance. Abdicated.[111] | |
(5) | Ohito |
Kaisar Go-En'yū |
1371–1382 (11 tahun) Ōan, Eiwa, Kōryaku, Eitoku |
1359–1393 (34 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Kōgon. Fifth Kaisar of the Northern Court. Abdicated in favor of Kaisar Go-Komatsu.[112] | |
(6) | Motohito |
Kaisar Go-Komatsu[xxii] |
1382–1392 (10 tahun) Eitoku, Shitoku, Kakei, Kōō, Meitoku |
1377–1433 (56 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-En'yū. Sixth and last Kaisar of the Northern Court from 1382 until 1392. Became the legitimate Kaisar following Kaisar Go-Kameyama's abdication. Agreed to alternate control of the throne by the Northern Court and the Southern Court. All emperors after him are from the Northern line.[113][114] | |
100 | 1392–1412 (20 tahun) Meitoku, Ōei | ||||
101 | Mihito[xxiii] |
Kaisar Shōkō |
1412–1428 (16 tahun) Ōei, Shōchō |
1401–1428 (27 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Komatsu.[115] | |
102 | Hikohito 彦仁 |
Kaisar Go-Hanazono |
1428–1464 (36 tahun) Shōchō, Eikyō, Kakitsu, Bun'an, Hōtoku, Kyōtoku, Kōshō, Chōroku, Kanshō |
1419–1471 (51 tahun) Great-grandson of Northern Kaisar Sukō; third cousin of Kaisar Shōkō. Abdicated. Traditional dates used.[116] | |
103 | Fusahito |
Kaisar Go-Tsuchimikado |
1464–1500 (36 tahun) Kanshō, Bunshō, Ōnin, Bunmei, Chōkyō, Entoku, Meiō |
1442–1500 (58 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Hanazono. Ōnin War led to the start of the Sengoku period.[117] | |
104 | Katsuhito |
Kaisar Go-Kashiwabara[xxiv] |
1500–1526 (26 tahun) Meiō, Bunki, Daiei |
1462–1526 (64 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Tsuchimikado. Imperial rule in the Ashikaga shogunate reached its lowest point in his reign.[118] | |
105 | Tomohito |
Kaisar Go-Nara[xxv] |
1526–1557 (31 tahun) Daiei, Kyōroku, Tenbun, Kōji |
1495–1557 (62 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Kashiwabara.[119] | |
106 | Michihito |
Kaisar Ōgimachi |
1557–1586 (29 tahun) Kōji, Eiroku, Genki, Tenshō |
1517–1593 (76 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Nara. Ashikaga shogunate overthrown by Oda Nobunaga. Abdicated.[120] | |
107 | Katahito[xxvi] |
Kaisar Go-Yōzei |
1586–1611 (25 tahun) Tenshō, Bunroku, Keichō |
1571–1617 (46 tahun) Grandson of Kaisar Ōgimachi. Tokugawa shogunate established. Sengoku period ended.[121] | |
108 | Kotohito[xxvii] |
Kaisar Go-Mizunoo[xxviii] |
1611–1629 (18 tahun) Keichō, Genna, Kan'ei |
1596–1680 (84 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Yōzei. Japan implements isolationist policy. Purple Robe Incident led to his abdication.[122] | |
109 | Okiko |
Maharani Meishō |
1629–1643 (14 tahun) Kan'ei |
1624–1696 (72 tahun) Daughter of Kaisar Go-Mizunoo. Abdicated.[123] | |
110 | Tsuguhito 紹仁 |
Kaisar Go-Kōmyō |
1643–1654 (11 tahun) Kan'ei, Shōhō, Keian, Jōō |
1633–1654 (21 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Mizunoo; younger brother of Maharani Meishō.[124] | |
111 | Nagahito[xxix] |
Kaisar Go-Sai[xxx] |
1655–1663 (8 tahun) Jōō, Meireki, Manji, Kanbun |
1638–1685 (47 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Mizunoo; younger half-brother of Maharani Meishō and Kaisar Go-Kōmyō. Abdicated.[125] | |
112 | Satohito 識仁 |
Kaisar Reigen |
1663–1687 (24 tahun) Kanbun, Enpō, Tenna, Jōkyō |
1654–1732 (78 tahun) Son of Kaisar Go-Sai. Abdicated.[126] | |
113 | Asahito[xxxi] |
Kaisar Higashiyama |
1687–1709 (22 tahun) Jōkyō, Genroku, Hōei |
1675–1710 (34 tahun) Son of Kaisar Reigen. Abdicated.[127] | |
114 | Yasuhito[xxxii] |
Kaisar Nakamikado |
1709–1735 (26 tahun) Hōei, Shōtoku, Kyōhō |
1702–1737 (35 tahun) Son of Kaisar Higashiyama. Abdicated.[128] | |
115 | Teruhito |
Kaisar Sakuramachi |
1735–1747 (12 tahun) Kyōhō, Genbun, Kanpō, Enkyō |
1720–1750 (30 tahun) Son of Kaisar Nakamikado. Abdicated.[129] | |
116 | Tōhito 遐仁 |
Kaisar Momozono |
1747–1762 (15 tahun) Enkyō, Kan'en, Hōreki |
1741–1762 (20 tahun) Son of Kaisar Sakuramachi. Abdicated.[130] | |
117 | Toshiko |
Maharani Go-Sakuramachi |
1762–1771 (9 tahun) Hōreki, Meiwa |
1740–1813 (73 tahun) Daughter of Kaisar Sakuramachi; younger sister of Kaisar Momozono.[131] | |
118 | Hidehito |
Kaisar Go-Momozono |
1771–1779 (8 tahun) Meiwa, An'ei |
1758–1779 (21 tahun) Son of Kaisar Momozono; nephew of Maharani Go-Sakuramachi.[132] | |
119 | Morohito |
Kaisar Kōkaku |
1780–1817 (37 tahun) An'ei, Tenmei, Kansei, Kyōwa, Bunka |
1771–1840 (69 tahun) Great-grandson of Kaisar Higashiyama; cousin and adopted son of Kaisar Go-Momozono. Abdicated.[133] | |
120 | Ayahito |
Kaisar Ninkō |
1817–1846 (29 tahun) Bunka, Bunsei, Tenpō, Kōka |
1800–1846 (46 tahun) Son of Kaisar Kōkaku.[134] | |
121 | Osahito |
Kaisar Kōmei |
1846–1867 (21 tahun) Kōka, Kaei, Ansei, Man'en, Bunkyū, Genji, Keiō |
1831–1867 (35 tahun) Son of Kaisar Ninkō. Reigned during the Bakumatsu period during which Japan ended its isolationist policy and changed from Tokugawa rule to Imperial rule. Last instance of an Kaisar with multiple era names.[135] | |
122 | Mutsuhito |
Kaisar Meiji |
3 February 1867 – 30 July 1912 ( 45 tahun, 178 hari) Keiō, Meiji |
3 November 1852 – 30 July 1912 (Aged 59) Son of Kaisar Kōmei. Ended the Tokugawa Shogunate with the Meiji Restoration (3 January 1868). First Kaisar of the Empire of Japan.[136][137] | |
123 | Yoshihito |
Kaisar Taishō |
30 July 1912 – 25 December 1926 ( 14 tahun, 148 hari) Taishō |
31 August 1879 – 25 December 1926 (Aged 47) Son of Kaisar Meiji. Taishō Democracy shifted political power from the genrō to the Imperial Diet and political parties. His eldest son, Crown Prince Hirohito, served as Sesshō ( | |
124 | Hirohito |
Kaisar Shōwa |
25 December 1926 – 7 January 1989 ( 62 tahun, 13 hari) Shōwa |
29 April 1901 – 7 January 1989 (Aged 87) Son of Kaisar Taishō. Served as Sesshō from 1921 to 1926. Last Kaisar of the Empire of Japan. Reign saw World War II and post-war economic miracle. Longest reigning verifiable Kaisar in Japanese history.[137][139] | |
125 | Akihito |
Kaisar Heisei |
7 January 1989 – 30 April 2019 ( 30 tahun, 113 hari) Heisei |
born 23 December 1933 (Age Kesalahan ekspresi: Kata "december" tidak dikenal.) Son of Kaisar Shōwa. Abdicated and later referred to as Jōkō ( | |
126 | Naruhito |
Kaisar Reiwa |
1 May 2019 – present ( 5 tahun, 129 hari) Reiwa |
born 23 February 1960 (Age Kesalahan ekspresi: Kata "february" tidak dikenal.) Son of Kaisar Heisei. Referred to as Kinjō Tennō ( |
Referensi
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- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 162–166; Brown, hlm. 311–314; Varley, hlm. 197–198; Nussbaum, hlm. 258.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 166–168; Brown, hlm. 314–315; Varley, hlm. 198–199; Nussbaum, hlm. 259.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 169–171; Brown, hlm. 315–317; Varley, hlm. 199–202; Nussbaum, hlm. 872.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 172–178; Brown, hlm. 317–320; Varley, hlm. 202; Nussbaum, hlm. 352.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 178–181; Brown, hlm. 320–322; Varley, hlm. 203–204; Nussbaum, hlm. 967.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 181–185; Brown, hlm. 322–324; Varley, hlm. 204–205; Nussbaum, hlm. 917.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 186–188; Brown, hlm. 324–326; Varley, hlm. 205; Nussbaum, hlm. 559.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 188–190; Brown, hlm. 326–327; Varley, hlm. 205–208; Nussbaum, hlm. 261.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 191–194; Brown, hlm. 327–329; Varley, hlm. 208–212; Nussbaum, hlm. 712.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 194–195; Brown, hlm. 329–330; Varley, hlm. 212; Nussbaum, hlm. 794.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 194–195; Brown, hlm. 329–330; Varley, hlm. 212; Nussbaum, hlm. 933.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 200–207; Brown, hlm. 333–334; Varley, hlm. 214–215; Nussbaum, hlm. 33.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 207–221; Brown, hlm. 334–339; Varley, hlm. 215–220; Nussbaum, hlm. 263.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 221–230; Brown, hlm. 339–341; Varley, hlm. 220; Nussbaum, hlm. 998.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 230–238; Brown, hlm. 341–343; Varley, hlm. 221–223.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 236–238; Brown, hlm. 343–344; Varley, hlm. 223–226; Nussbaum, hlm. 128.
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- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 331–351; Nussbaum, hlm. 252.
- ^ Titsingh, hlm. 352–364; Nussbaum, hlm. 265.
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- ^ Nussbaum, "Kōmei Tennō", p. 553.
- ^ Nussbaum, "Meiji Tennō", p. 624.
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- ^ Nussbaum, "Taishō Tennō", p. 929.
- ^ Nussbaum, "Hirohito", p. 318.
- ^ Nussbaum, "Akihito", p. 19.
- ^ "Japan's Kaisar thanks country, prays for peace before abdication". Nikkei Asian Review. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2019.
- ^ Nussbaum, "Naruhito", p. 699.
- Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982). Lessons from History: the 'Tokushi yoron'. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 9780702214851; OCLC 157026188
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