互卤化物ばけもの

互卤化物ばけもの也称卤素间化合かごう物ぶつ，是ぜ指ゆび卤素之これ间形成けいせい的てき化合かごう物ぶつ，通つう式しき为XY_n，其中X重じゅう于Y，n通常つうじょう为奇数きすう。

	F	Cl	Br	I	At
F	F₂
Cl	ClF、ClF₃、ClF₅	Cl₂
Br	BrF、BrF₃、BrF₅	BrCl	Br₂
I	IF、IF₃、IF₅、IF₇	ICl、I₂Cl₆	IBr、IBr₃	I₂
At	—	AtCl	AtBr	AtI	At₂(?)

目前もくぜん未み发现有ゆう由よし三种或以上的卤素组成的互卤化物，^[1] 尽つき管かん一些书籍说明IFCl
2 和わ IF
2Cl 已やめ被ひ合成ごうせい，^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] 并且理り论上，通つう式しき为 BrClF
n的てき化合かごう物ぶつ是ぜ稳定的てき。^[6]

类型[编辑]

XY型がた：ClF、BrF、IF、BrCl、ICl、AtCl（英えい语：Astatine monochloride）、IBr、AtBr、AtI
XY₃型かた：ClF₃、BrF₃、IF₃、I₂Cl₆
XY₅型かた：ClF₅、BrF₅、IF₅
XY₇型かた：IF₇

特性とくせい[编辑]

互卤化物ばけもの都と是ぜ小しょう分子ぶんし共きょう价化合かごう物ぶつ。熔点、沸点ふってん都と较低。大だい多た不ふ稳定（常つね见的卤素互化物的ぶってき反はん应活性せい为ClF₃﹥BrF₅﹥IF₇﹥ClF﹥BrF₃﹥IF₅﹥BrF ），易えき水すい解かい，并且各かく种化合かごう物ぶつ水すい解かい产物也不尽ふじん相しょう同どう。水みず解かい产物中ちゅう如果有ゆう不ふ稳定的てき物ぶつ种如次じ碘酸、亚氯酸さん等とう的てき存在そんざい则这些产物ぶつ有ゆう可能かのう继续分解ぶんかい，生成せいせい更さら多た的てき产物。如三氟化溴与水反应的产物包括溴酸、溴单质、氧气和わ氟化氢等，另外一いち些反应活性せい更さら高だか的てき物ぶつ质如三氟化氯与水则甚至产生如二氟化氧、一氟氧化氯等更多产物。

用途ようと[编辑]

互卤化物ばけもの主要しゅよう用作ようさく卤化剂。但ただし是ぜ部分ぶぶん反はん应活性せい高だか的てき如三氟化氯则应用在一些诸如铀的提取、火箭かせん的てき高だか能のう燃料ねんりょう等とう特殊とくしゅ领域。

一いち些互卤化物ぶつ，如 BrF₃、 IF₅和かず ICl是ぜ好このみ的てき卤化剂。 BrF₅ 太ふとし活かつ泼而不能ふのう产生氟。除じょ此之外がい，一いち氯化碘具有ぐゆう多た种用途ようと，包括ほうかつ帮助测量油脂ゆし的てき饱和度ど，以及作さく为某些化学かがく反はん应的てき催化剂。还有一些互卤化物，包括ほうかつ IF₇，可用かよう于合成ごうせい多た卤阴离子（英えい语：polyhalide）。^[1]

相あい关化合かごう物ぶつ[编辑]

拟卤素もと也能形成けいせい类似的てき互卤化物ばけもの。其中包括ほうかつ叠氮化か卤(FN₃， ClN₃， BrN₃和わ IN₃) 和わ卤化氰 (FCN， ClCN， BrCN和わ ICN)。拟卤素もと之これ间也能のう形成けいせい类似的てき互卤化物ばけもの，例れい如氰和わ叠氮形成けいせい的てき叠氮化か氰。

参まいり见[编辑]

氧族元素げんそ互化物ぶつ（英えい语：Interchalcogen）
卤化氢

参考さんこう资料[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Saxena, P. B. Chemistry Of Interhalogen Compounds. 2007 [February 27, 2013]. ISBN 9788183562430.
^ Greenwood, Norman Neill; Earnshaw, Alan. Chemistry of the elements. 2016: 824. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9. OCLC 1040112384 （英えい语）.
^ Meyers, Robert A. (编). Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology: Inorganic Chemistry 3rd. Academic Press. 2001 [2020-09-19]. ISBN 978-0-12-227410-7. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2017-10-30）. A few ternary compounds, such as IFCl
2 and IF
2Cl, are also known [no source given].
^ Murthy, C. Parameshwara. University Chemistry 1. New Age International. 2008: 675. ISBN 978-8122407426. The only two interhalogen compounds are IFCl
2 and IF
2Cl [no source given].
^ Sahoo, Balaram; Nayak, Nimai Charan; Samantaray, Asutosh; Pujapanda, Prafulla Kumar. Inorganic Chemistry. PHI Learning. 2012. ISBN 978-8120343085. Only a few ternary interhalogen compounds such as IFCl
2 and IF
2Cl have been prepared [no source given].
^ Ignatyev, Igor S.; Schaefer, Henry F., III. Bromine Halides: The Neutral Molecules BrClF
n (n = 1–5) and Their Anions — Structures, Energetics, and Electron Affinities. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1999, 121 (29): 6904–6910. doi:10.1021/ja990144h.

扩展阅读[编辑]

Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
Kugler, H. K.; Keller, C. 'At, Astatine', system no. 8a. Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry 8 8th. Springer-Verlag. 1985. ISBN 3-540-93516-9.
Zuckerman, J. J.; Hagen, A. P. Inorganic Reactions and Methods, the Formation of Bonds to Halogens. John Wiley & Sons. 1989. ISBN 978-0-471-18656-4.

外部がいぶ链接[编辑]

[Chemistry_of_Interhalogens-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Saxena, P. B. Chemistry Of Interhalogen Compounds. 2007 [February 27, 2013]. ISBN 9788183562430.

[2] Greenwood, Norman Neill; Earnshaw, Alan. Chemistry of the elements. 2016: 824. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9. OCLC 1040112384 （英えい语）.

[Meyers-3] Meyers, Robert A. (编). Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology: Inorganic Chemistry 3rd. Academic Press. 2001 [2020-09-19]. ISBN 978-0-12-227410-7. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2017-10-30）. A few ternary compounds, such as IFCl
2 and IF
2Cl, are also known [no source given].

[Murthy-4] Murthy, C. Parameshwara. University Chemistry 1. New Age International. 2008: 675. ISBN 978-8122407426. The only two interhalogen compounds are IFCl
2 and IF
2Cl [no source given].

[Sahoo-5] Sahoo, Balaram; Nayak, Nimai Charan; Samantaray, Asutosh; Pujapanda, Prafulla Kumar. Inorganic Chemistry. PHI Learning. 2012. ISBN 978-8120343085. Only a few ternary interhalogen compounds such as IFCl
2 and IF
2Cl have been prepared [no source given].

[Ignatiev-6] Ignatyev, Igor S.; Schaefer, Henry F., III. Bromine Halides: The Neutral Molecules BrClF
n (n = 1–5) and Their Anions — Structures, Energetics, and Electron Affinities. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1999, 121 (29): 6904–6910. doi:10.1021/ja990144h.

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