家 八 哥
动物 | |
门: | |
纲: | 鸟纲 Aves |
种: | |
Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus, 1766)
| |
Acridotheres tristis melanosternus | |
Paradisaea tristis Linnaeus, 1766 |
分類
[编辑]1760
印度 八 哥 (A. t. tristis) (林 奈,1766年 ) –分 佈於南 哈薩克 斯坦、土庫 曼、東 伊 朗 至 南 中國 、印度 支 那 、馬 來 半島 和南 印度 。該亞種 也被引入夏 威 夷 和 北美 。其分佈範圍 的 西 北部 群 體 有 時 被 單獨 列 為 亞種 A. t. neumanni,而尼泊 爾 和 緬 甸的群 體 被 描述為 A. t. tristoides。[13]- 斯里
蘭 卡八哥 (A. t. melanosternus)(萊格,1879年 ) – 斯里蘭 卡
斯里
描述
[编辑]叫 聲
[编辑]形態 測量
[编辑]身體 長 度 :23厘 米 (9.1英 寸 )
109.8 | 120–138 | |
138–153 | 138–147 | |
喙長 (毫米) | 25–30 | 25–28 |
跗蹠 |
34–42 | 35–41 |
81–95 | 79–96 |
分 佈與棲地
[编辑]它
行為
[编辑]繁殖
[编辑]食物 與 覓食
[编辑]棲息 行為
[编辑]入 侵 物種
[编辑]澳洲
[编辑]歐 洲
[编辑]2019
紐 西 蘭
[编辑]南 非
[编辑]美國
[编辑]對 生態 系統 與 人類 的 影響
[编辑]對 本地 鳥類 的 威 脅
[编辑]這種
此外,
對 農作物 和 牧場 的 威 脅
[编辑]控 制
[编辑]文化 中 的 家 八 哥
[编辑]圖 庫
[编辑]参考 文献
[编辑]- ^ Acridotheres tristis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. [26 November 2013].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Common Myna. [December 23, 2007]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2013-01-20). - ^ Common Myna - Audubon Field Guide. Audubon. 2014-11-13 [2 March 2016]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-10-25). - ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lowe S., Browne M., Boudjelas S. and de Poorter M. (2000, updated 2004). 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species: A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2017-03-16.. The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG), a specialist group of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), Auckland. - ^ 5.0 5.1 ABC Wildwatch. Abc.net.au. [2012-08-07]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2012-11-09). - ^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques. Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés 2. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. 1760: 278–280, Plate 26 fig 1 (
法 语及拉 丁 语). The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen. - ^ 7.0 7.1 Allen, J.A. Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 1910, 28: 317–335. hdl:2246/678.
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl. Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis 1 12th. Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. 1766: 167 (
拉 丁 语). - ^ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr (编). Check-list of birds of the world 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. 1962: 112–113.
- ^ Jobling, J.A. del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. , 编. Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. 2018 [11 May 2018].
- ^ Vieillot, Louis Pierre. Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire. Paris: Deterville/self. 1816: 42 (
法 语). - ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (编). Nuthatches, Wallcreeper, treecreepers, mockingbirds, starlings, oxpeckers. World Bird List Version 8.1. International Ornithologists' Union. 2018 [11 May 2018].
- ^ Kannan, Ragupathy; James, Douglas A., Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. , 编, Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), Birds of the World (Cornell Lab of Ornithology), 2020-03-04 [2021-08-23], doi:10.2173/bow.commyn.01 (
英 语) - ^ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 Ali, Salim; Ripley, S. Dillon. Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan, Volume 5 2 (paperback). India: Oxford University Press. 2001: 278. ISBN 978-0-19-565938-2.
- ^ 15.0 15.1 Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Anderton, John C. Birds of South Asia - The Ripley Guide (volume 2). Smithsonian Institution, Washington & Lynx edicions, Barcelona. 2005: 584, 683. ISBN 978-84-87334-66-5.
- ^ Rasmussen, PC & JC Anderton. Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Vol 2. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. 2005: 584.
- ^ Griffin, Andrea S. Social learning in Indian mynahs, Acridotheres tristis: the role of distress calls.. Animal Behaviour. 2008, 75 (1): 79–89. S2CID 53184596. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.04.008.
- ^ 18.0 18.1 Mahabal, Anil; Vaidya, V.G. Diurnal rhythms and seasonal changes in the roosting behaviour of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus). Proceedings of Indian Academy of Sciences (Animal Science). 1989, 98 (3): 199–209 [22 January 2011]. S2CID 129156314. doi:10.1007/BF03179646.
- ^ Common Myna. [December 23, 2007].
- ^ Common Myna – Audubon Field Guide. Audubon. 2014-11-13 [2 March 2016].
- ^ Evans, Thomas; Angulo, Elena; Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Turbelin, Anna; Courchamp, Franck. Global economic costs of alien birds. PLOS ONE. 2023, 18 (10): e0292854. Bibcode:2023PLoSO..1892854E. PMC 10584179 . PMID 37851652. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292854 .
- ^ Ubiquitous Javan Myna. Bird Ecology Study Group, Nature Society (Singapore). Besgroup.blogspot.com. [October 25, 2007].
- ^ Pell & Tidemann 1997a,
第 141–149頁 . - ^ Pell & Tidemann 1997a,
第 146頁 . - ^ Pell & Tidemann 1997a,
第 141頁 . - ^ Bomford & Sinclair 2002,
第 35頁 . - ^ Choudhury A. Common Myna feeding a fledgling koel. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 1998, 95 (1): 115.
- ^ Mahabal, Anil. Activity-time budget of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus) during the breeding season. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 1991, 90 (1): 96–97 [22 January 2011].
- ^ Pande, Satish; Tambe, Saleel; Clement, Francis M; Sant, Niranjan. Birds of Western Ghats, Kokan and Malabar (including birds of Goa). Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society & Oxford University Press. 2003: 312, 377. ISBN 978-0-19-566878-0.
- ^ Lowe, Katie A.; Taylor, Charlotte E.; Major, Richard E. Do Common Mynas significantly compete with native birds in urban environments?. Journal of Ornithology. 2011-10-01, 152 (4): 909–921. ISSN 0021-8375. S2CID 3153551. doi:10.1007/s10336-011-0674-5 (
英 语). - ^ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Acridotheres tristis (Common myna). Animal Diversity Web.
- ^ Mathew, DN; Narendran, TC; Zacharias, VJ. A comparative study of the feeding habits of certain species of Indian birds affecting agriculture. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1978, 75 (4): 1178–1197.
- ^ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. Starlings and mynas. teara.govt.nz.
- ^ Mahabal, Anil; Bastawade, D.B. Mixed roosting associates of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis in Pune city, India. Pavo. 1991, 29 (1 & 2): 23–32 [22 January 2011].
- ^ Mahabal, Anil. Diurnal intra- and inter-specific assemblages of Indian Mynas. Biovigyanam. 1992, 18 (2): 116–118 [22 January 2011].
- ^ Mahabal, Anil; Bastawade, D.B.; Vaidya, V.G. Spatial and temporal fluctuations in the population of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus) in and around an Indian City. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 1990, 87 (3): 392–398 [22 January 2011].
- ^ Mahabal, Anil. Seasonal changes in the flocking behaviour of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus). Biovigyanam. 1993, 19 (1 & 2): 55–64 [22 January 2011].
- ^ Mahabal, Anil. Communal roosting in Common Mynas and its functional significance. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 1997, 94 (2): 342–349 [22 January 2011].
- ^ Mahabal, Anil. Communal display behaviour of Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus). Pavo. 1993, 31 (1&2): 45–54.
- ^ Palmer; Bradshaw (编). The Mauritius Register: Historical, official and Commercial, corrected to the 30th June 1859.. Mauritius: L. Channell. 1859: 77.
- ^ Wilme, Lucienne. Composition and characteristics of bird communities in Madagascar (PDF). Biogéographie de Madagascar. 1996: 349–362.
- ^ Saavedra et al. 2015,
第 121–127頁 . - ^ Long, John L. (1981). Introduced Birds of the World. Agricultural Protection Board of Western Australia, 21-493
- ^ Grarock, Kate; Tidemann, Christopher R.; Wood, Jeffrey; Lindenmayer, David B. Sueur, Cédric , 编. Is It Benign or Is It a Pariah? Empirical Evidence for the Impact of the Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) on Australian Birds. PLOS ONE. 2012-07-11, 7 (7): e40622. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...740622G. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3394764 . PMID 22808210. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040622 (
英 语). - ^ Cruz & Reynolds 2019,
第 302-308頁 . - ^ Sol, D.; Bartomeus, I.; Griffin, A. S. The paradox of invasion in birds: Competitive superiority or ecological opportunism?. Oecologia. 2012, 169 (2): 553–564. Bibcode:2012Oecol.169..553S. PMID 22139450. S2CID 253972110. doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2203-x.
- ^ Grarock et al (2013) Are invasive species drivers of native species decline or passengers of habitat modification? A case study of the impact of the common myna (Acridotheres tristis) on Australian bird species. Austral Ecology.
- ^ Hone, J. Introduction and Spread of the Common Myna in New South Wales (PDF). Emu. 1978, 78 (4): 227. Bibcode:1978EmuAO..78..227H. doi:10.1071/MU9780227.
- ^ Old, Julie M.; Spencer, Ricky-John; Wolfenden, Jack. The Common Myna (Sturnus tristis) in urban, rural and semi-rural areas in Greater Sydney and its surrounds. Emu - Austral Ornithology. 2014, 114 (3): 241–248. Bibcode:2014EmuAO.114..241O. S2CID 84731024. doi:10.1071/MU13029.
- ^ 50.0 50.1 Martin 1996,
第 169–170頁 . - ^ Campion, Vikki. Councils assessing backyard traps to catch Indian Mynah birds. The Daily Telegraph. Australia. 2009-05-12 [2012-08-07]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2012-10-01). - ^ List of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern – Environment – European Commission. ec.europa.eu. 19 December 2023.
- ^ Saavedra, Serguei. A survey of recent introduction events, spread and mitigation efforts of mynas (Acridotheres sp.) in Spain and Portugal.. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation. 2015, 38: 121–127. doi:10.32800/abc.2015.38.0121 . hdl:10261/120917 .
- ^ Dubois P.J. & J.M. Cugnasse (2015).- Les populations d'oiseaux allochtones en France en 2014 (3e enquête nationale). Ornithos : 22-2 : 72–91.
- ^ 9. – Introduced land birds – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
- ^ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 56.4 56.5 Pest control hub – Northland Regional Council. www.nrc.govt.nz.
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- ^ Peacock, Derick S.; van Rensburg, Berndt J. & Robertson, Mark P. The distribution and spread of the invasive alien Common Myna, Acridotheres tristis L. (Aves: Sturnidae), in southern Africa. South African Journal of Science. 2007, 103: 465–473.[
永久 失效 連結 ] - ^ National List of Invasive Bird Species (PDF). Government Gazette. 29 July 2016 [11 February 2021].[
永久 失效 連結 ] - ^ Berthouly-Salazar, C.; van Rensburg, B.J.; van Vuuren, B.J.; Hui, C. Spatial sorting drives morphological variation in the invasive bird, Acridotheres tristis. PLOS ONE. 2012, 7 (5): e38145. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...738145B. PMC 3364963 . PMID 22693591. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038145 .
- ^ COMMON MYNA Acridotheres tristis (PDF). Hbs.bishopmuseum.org. [18 March 2022].
No introduced species in Hawaii has elicited so much opinion as the Common Myna, perhaps in part due to its intelligence and amusing anthropomorphic qualities. Although they were thought to be of "great value to the aviculturist" in Hawaii for controlling pests (Bryan 1937b), it was also generally vilified for its noisy habits, "quarrelsome" and opportunistic nature, disturbance to domestic pigeons, fruit-eating and nest-robbing habits, and the possibility of its adversely affecting native bird populations (e.g., Finsch 1880; Wilson 1890a; Rothschild 1900; Perkins 1901, in Evenhuis 2007:75)
- ^ Berthouly-Salazar, C.; Cassey, P.; van Vuuren, B.J.; van Rensburg, B.J.; Hui, C.; le Roux, J.J. Development and characterization of 13 new, and cross amplification of 3, polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci in the Common myna (Acridotheres tristis). Conservation Genetics Resources. 2012, 4 (3): 621–624. Bibcode:2012ConGR...4..621B. S2CID 16022159. doi:10.1007/s12686-012-9607-8. hdl:10019.1/113194 .
- ^ Bomford & Sinclair 2002,
第 34頁 . - ^ 64.0 64.1 Pell & Tidemann 1997a,
第 148頁 . - ^ Pell & Tidemann 1997a,
第 147頁 . - ^ Bomford & Sinclair 2002,
第 30頁 . - ^ Pimentel, D.; Lori Lach; Rodolfo Zuniga; Doug Morrison. Environmental and Economic Costs of Nonindigenous Species in the United States. BioScience. January 2000, 50 (1): 53–56. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0053:EAECON]2.3.CO;2 .
- ^ Koopman, ME & W C Pitt. Crop diversification leads to diverse bird problems in Hawaiian agriculture (PDF). Human–Wildlife Conflicts. 2007, 1 (2): 235–243 [2011-01-26]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2009-01-10). - ^ Myna birds. 2018.
- ^ Dave, K. N. Birds in Sanskrit Literature revised. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Private Ltd. 2005: 468, 516. ISBN 978-81-208-1842-2.
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