纽约知ち识分子ぶんし

纽约知ち识分子ぶんし（英語えいご：New York Intellectuals）是ぜ20世せい纪中期き定てい居きょ在ざい纽约市し的てき美国びくに作家さっか和文わぶん学がく评论家か的てき总称。他た们大多た是ぜ犹太人じん，主しゅ张左翼さよく政治せいじ，同どう时坚决反对斯大林おおばやし主しゅ义。该组织寻求もとめ将文まさふみ学理がくり论与马克思おもえ主しゅ义和社会しゃかい主ぬし义相结合，拒こばめ绝将苏联社会しゃかい主ぬし义视为可行ぎょう或ある可か接受せつじゅ的てき政治せいじ模も式しき。

这些反はん斯大林おおばやし主しゅ义的马克思おもえ主しゅ义者普遍ふへん持じ有ゆう托たく洛らく茨いばら基もと主ぬし义观点。欧文おうぶん·克かつ里さと斯托、欧文おうぶん·豪ごう、西にし摩ま·马丁·利り普あまね塞ふさが特とく、莱斯利り·费德勒（英えい语：Leslie Fiedler）和わ内うち森もり·格かく莱泽是ぜ托たく洛らく茨いばら基もと主ぬし义青年せいねん人民じんみん社会しゃかい主ぬし义联盟めい（英えい语：Young People's Socialist League (1907)）的てき成なり员。

成なり员[编辑]

其他成なり员还有ゆう汉娜·阿おもね伦特、丹たん尼に尔·贝尔、^[1]^[2]^[3] 索さく尔·贝洛、内うち森もり·格かく莱泽、^{[來らい源みなもと請求せいきゅう]} 克かつ莱门特とく·格かく林りん伯はく格かく、^[4]理り查德·霍夫施ほどこせ塔とう特とく、悉尼·胡えびす克かつ、^[5]^[6]西にし摩ま·马丁·利り普あまね塞ふさが特とく、^[7]^[6] 德とく怀特·麦むぎ克かつ唐から纳、^[4]诺曼·帕德赫罗茨いばら、^{[來らい源みなもと請求せいきゅう]} 菲利普ふ·拉ひしげ夫おっと、苏珊·桑くわ塔とう格かく、莱昂内ない尔·特とく里さと林りん。

参考さんこう资料[编辑]

^ Wald, Alan M. The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. UNC Press Books. 1987: 210 [22 June 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8078-4169-3. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2020-09-19）（英えい语）.
^ Brick, Howard. Daniel Bell and the decline of intellectual radicalism : social theory and political reconciliation in the 1940s. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press. 1986: 60-61,90,148. ISBN 978-0-299-10550-1. OCLC 12804502.
^ Wilford, Hugh. Playing the CIA's Tune? The New Leader and the Cultural Cold War. Diplomatic History (Oxford University Press (OUP)). 2003, 27 (1): 15–34. ISSN 0145-2096. doi:10.1111/1467-7709.00337.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Howe 1970，第だい226頁ぺーじ.
^ Wald, Alan M. The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. UNC Press Books. 1987: 50 [22 June 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8078-4169-3. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2020-08-31）（英えい语）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Michael HOCHGESCHWENDER "The cultural front of the Cold War: the Congress for cultural freedom as an experiment in transnational warfare" Ricerche di storia politica, issue 1/2003, pp. 35-60
^ Wald, Alan M. The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. UNC Press Books. 1987: 141 [22 June 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8078-4169-3. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2020-09-19）（英えい语）.

[1] Wald, Alan M. The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. UNC Press Books. 1987: 210 [22 June 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8078-4169-3. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2020-09-19）（英えい语）.

[Brick_1986_p.-2] Brick, Howard. Daniel Bell and the decline of intellectual radicalism : social theory and political reconciliation in the 1940s. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press. 1986: 60-61,90,148. ISBN 978-0-299-10550-1. OCLC 12804502.

[Wilford_2003_pp._15–34-3] Wilford, Hugh. Playing the CIA's Tune? The New Leader and the Cultural Cold War. Diplomatic History (Oxford University Press (OUP)). 2003, 27 (1): 15–34. ISSN 0145-2096. doi:10.1111/1467-7709.00337.

[FOOTNOTEHowe1970226-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Howe 1970，第だい226頁ぺーじ.

[5] Wald, Alan M. The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. UNC Press Books. 1987: 50 [22 June 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8078-4169-3. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2020-08-31）（英えい语）.

[HOCHGESCHWENDER-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Michael HOCHGESCHWENDER "The cultural front of the Cold War: the Congress for cultural freedom as an experiment in transnational warfare" Ricerche di storia politica, issue 1/2003, pp. 35-60

[7] Wald, Alan M. The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. UNC Press Books. 1987: 141 [22 June 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8078-4169-3. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2020-09-19）（英えい语）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]