紐ひも約やく知識ちしき分子ぶんし

紐ひも約やく知識ちしき分子ぶんし（英語えいご：New York Intellectuals）是ぜ20世紀せいき中期ちゅうき定てい居きょ在ざい紐ひも約やく市し的てき美國びくに作家さっか和文わぶん學がく評論ひょうろん家か的てき總稱そうしょう。他た們大多た是ぜ猶なお太ふとし人じん，主張しゅちょう左翼さよく政治せいじ，同時どうじ堅けん決けつ反對はんたい斯大林りん主義しゅぎ。該組織そしき尋ひろ求もとめ將はた文學ぶんがく理論りろん與あずか馬うま克かつ思おもえ主義しゅぎ和わ社會しゃかい主義しゅぎ相しょう結合けつごう，拒絕きょぜつ將はた蘇そ聯れん社會しゃかい主義しゅぎ視し為ため可か行ぎょう或ある可か接受せつじゅ的てき政治せいじ模も式しき。

這些反はん斯大林りん主義しゅぎ的てき馬うま克かつ思おもえ主義しゅぎ者しゃ普遍ふへん持じ有ゆう托たく洛らく茨いばら基もと主義しゅぎ觀點かんてん。歐文おうぶん·克かつ里さと斯托、歐文おうぶん·豪ごう、西にし摩ま·馬丁ばてい·利り普あまね塞ふさが特とく、萊斯利り·費ひ德とく勒（英語えいご：Leslie Fiedler）和わ內森·格かく萊澤是ぜ托たく洛らく茨いばら基もと主義しゅぎ青年せいねん人民じんみん社會しゃかい主義しゅぎ聯盟れんめい（英語えいご：Young People's Socialist League (1907)）的てき成員せいいん。

成員せいいん[編輯へんしゅう]

其他成員せいいん還かえ有ゆう漢かん娜·阿おもね倫りん特とく、丹たん尼に爾なんじ·貝かい爾なんじ、^[1]^[2]^[3] 索さく爾なんじ·貝かい洛らく、內森·格かく萊澤、^{[來らい源みなもと請求せいきゅう]} 克かつ萊門特とく·格かく林りん伯はく格かく、^[4]理り查德·霍夫施ほどこせ塔とう特とく、悉尼·胡えびす克かつ、^[5]^[6]西にし摩ま·馬丁ばてい·利り普あまね塞ふさが特とく、^[7]^[6] 德とく懷ふところ特とく·麥むぎ克かつ唐から納おさめ、^[4]諾だく曼·帕德赫羅茨いばら、^{[來らい源みなもと請求せいきゅう]} 菲利普ふ·拉ひしげ夫おっと、蘇そ珊·桑くわ塔とう格かく、萊昂內爾·特とく里さと林りん。

參考さんこう資料しりょう[編輯へんしゅう]

^ Wald, Alan M. The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. UNC Press Books. 1987: 210 [22 June 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8078-4169-3. （原始げんし內容存そん檔於2020-09-19）（英語えいご）.
^ Brick, Howard. Daniel Bell and the decline of intellectual radicalism : social theory and political reconciliation in the 1940s. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press. 1986: 60-61,90,148. ISBN 978-0-299-10550-1. OCLC 12804502.
^ Wilford, Hugh. Playing the CIA's Tune? The New Leader and the Cultural Cold War. Diplomatic History (Oxford University Press (OUP)). 2003, 27 (1): 15–34. ISSN 0145-2096. doi:10.1111/1467-7709.00337.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Howe 1970，第だい226頁ぺーじ.
^ Wald, Alan M. The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. UNC Press Books. 1987: 50 [22 June 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8078-4169-3. （原始げんし內容存そん檔於2020-08-31）（英語えいご）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Michael HOCHGESCHWENDER "The cultural front of the Cold War: the Congress for cultural freedom as an experiment in transnational warfare" Ricerche di storia politica, issue 1/2003, pp. 35-60
^ Wald, Alan M. The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. UNC Press Books. 1987: 141 [22 June 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8078-4169-3. （原始げんし內容存そん檔於2020-09-19）（英語えいご）.

[1] Wald, Alan M. The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. UNC Press Books. 1987: 210 [22 June 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8078-4169-3. （原始げんし內容存そん檔於2020-09-19）（英語えいご）.

[Brick_1986_p.-2] Brick, Howard. Daniel Bell and the decline of intellectual radicalism : social theory and political reconciliation in the 1940s. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press. 1986: 60-61,90,148. ISBN 978-0-299-10550-1. OCLC 12804502.

[Wilford_2003_pp._15–34-3] Wilford, Hugh. Playing the CIA's Tune? The New Leader and the Cultural Cold War. Diplomatic History (Oxford University Press (OUP)). 2003, 27 (1): 15–34. ISSN 0145-2096. doi:10.1111/1467-7709.00337.

[FOOTNOTEHowe1970226-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Howe 1970，第だい226頁ぺーじ.

[5] Wald, Alan M. The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. UNC Press Books. 1987: 50 [22 June 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8078-4169-3. （原始げんし內容存そん檔於2020-08-31）（英語えいご）.

[HOCHGESCHWENDER-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Michael HOCHGESCHWENDER "The cultural front of the Cold War: the Congress for cultural freedom as an experiment in transnational warfare" Ricerche di storia politica, issue 1/2003, pp. 35-60

[7] Wald, Alan M. The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. UNC Press Books. 1987: 141 [22 June 2020]. ISBN 978-0-8078-4169-3. （原始げんし內容存そん檔於2020-09-19）（英語えいご）.

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