4-硝基甲かぶと苯

4-硝基甲かぶと苯
	IUPAC名めい; 1-Methyl-4-nitrobenzene
别名	p-nitrotoluene ; p-mononitrotoluene
识别
CAS号ごう	99-99-0
PubChem	7473
ChemSpider	13863774
SMILES	O=[N+]([O-])c1ccc(C)cc1;
性せい质
化学かがく式しき	C7H7NO2
摩ま尔质量りょう	137.14 g·mol−1
外そと观	浅黄あさぎ色しょく晶あきら体からだ
氣味きみ	芳香ほうこう
密度みつど	1.1038 g·cm−3 (75 °C)
熔点	51.63 °C（325 K）（）
沸点ふってん	238.3 °C（511 K）（）
溶解ようかい性せい（水みず）	0.04% (20°C)
蒸氣じょうき壓あつ	0.1 mmHg (20°C)
磁化じか率りつ	−72.06·10−6 cm3/mol
危险性せい
爆ばく炸極限げん	1.6%–?
PEL	TWA 5 ppm (30 mg/m3) [skin]
	致死ちし量りょう或ある浓度：
LD50（中位ちゅうい剂量）	1231 mg/kg （小しょう鼠ねずみ口こう服ふく）; 1960 mg/kg （大だい鼠ねずみ口こう服ふく）; 1750 mg/kg （兔うさぎ子こ口くち服ふく）
	若わか非ひ注ちゅう明あかり，所有しょゆう数すう据すえ均ひとし出自しゅつじ标准状じょう态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下した。

4-硝基甲かぶと苯，又また称たたえ对硝基もと甲かぶと苯，是ぜ一いち种有ゆう机つくえ化合かごう物ぶつ，化学かがく式しき CH₃C₆H₄NO₂.。它是一いち种浅黄色おうしょく固体こたい，为硝基甲かぶと苯的てき一いち种异构体。

制せい备和反はん应

类似其它硝基甲かぶと苯的异构体たい，4-硝基甲かぶと苯可以由甲きのえ苯在ざい室温しつおん下か硝化しょうか而成。^[4] ^[5]它可被ひ氢化成なり4-甲きのえ基はじめ苯胺。^[6]它在四よん氯化碳中ちゅう可か以被一いち氧化二に氯氯化为4-硝基-αあるふぁ,αあるふぁ,αあるふぁ-三さん氯甲苯。^[7]

应用

4-硝基甲かぶと苯的主要しゅよう应用包括ほうかつ磺化生成せいせい 4-硝基甲かぶと苯-2-磺酸（其中的てき-SO₃H 基もと团与あずか甲きのえ基はじめ相しょう邻）。该物种可以氧化か偶联产生芪衍生物せいぶつ，^[8]可用かよう作さく染料せんりょう。^[9]

危险性せい

有ゆう证据表明ひょうめい，4-硝基甲かぶと苯对小しょう鼠ねずみ有毒ゆうどく性せい和わ致癌性せい。^[10]

参考さんこう资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. #0464. NIOSH.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Lide DR (编). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics: a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data 85. Boca Ratan Florida: CRC Press. 2004. ISBN 0-8493-0485-7.
^ Nitrotoluene. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Gerald Booth, Nitro Compounds,Aromatic, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005, doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_411
^ 潘はん亞あ芬、張ちょう永ひさし士し. 基礎きそ化學かがく. : 頁ぺーじ193 [2022-03-19]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2022-03-19）.
^ Astha Shukla, Rajib K. Singha, Takehiko Sasaki, Vemulapalli V. D. N. Prasad, Rajaram Bal. Synthesis of Highly Active Pd Nanoparticles Supported Iron Oxide Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation and Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Medium. ChemistrySelect. 2019-05-08, 4 (17): 5019–5032 [2021-07-29]. ISSN 2365-6549. doi:10.1002/slct.201900358 （英えい语）.
^ F. D. Marsh, W. B. Farnham, D. J. Sam, B. E. Smart. Dichlorine monoxide: a powerful and selective chlorinating reagent. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1982-08, 104 (17): 4680–4682 [2021-07-29]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja00381a032. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2021-07-29）（英えい语）.
^ Cumming, William M.; Hopper, I. Vance; Wheeler, T. Sherlock. Preparation 294.—Dinitro-Stilbene-Disulphonic Acid (Na salt). Systematic Organic Chemistry: Modern Methods of Preparation and Estimation. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. 1926: 314.
^ Hunger, Klaus; Mischke, Peter; Rieper, Wolfgang; Raue, Roderich; Kunde, Klaus; Engel, Aloys, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005, doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_245
^ National Toxicology, Program. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of p-nitrotoluene (CAS no. 99-99-0) in F344/N rats and B6C3F(1) mice (feed studies). National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. 2002, (498): 1–277. PMID 12118261.

外部がいぶ链接

CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – p-Nitrotoluene （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）

[PGCH-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. #0464. NIOSH.

[CRC_85-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Lide DR (编). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics: a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data 85. Boca Ratan Florida: CRC Press. 2004. ISBN 0-8493-0485-7.

[3] Nitrotoluene. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[Booth-4] Gerald Booth, Nitro Compounds,Aromatic, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005, doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_411

[5] 潘はん亞あ芬、張ちょう永ひさし士し. 基礎きそ化學かがく. : 頁ぺーじ193 [2022-03-19]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2022-03-19）.

[6] Astha Shukla, Rajib K. Singha, Takehiko Sasaki, Vemulapalli V. D. N. Prasad, Rajaram Bal. Synthesis of Highly Active Pd Nanoparticles Supported Iron Oxide Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation and Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Medium. ChemistrySelect. 2019-05-08, 4 (17): 5019–5032 [2021-07-29]. ISSN 2365-6549. doi:10.1002/slct.201900358 （英えい语）.

[7] F. D. Marsh, W. B. Farnham, D. J. Sam, B. E. Smart. Dichlorine monoxide: a powerful and selective chlorinating reagent. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1982-08, 104 (17): 4680–4682 [2021-07-29]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja00381a032. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2021-07-29）（英えい语）.

[8] Cumming, William M.; Hopper, I. Vance; Wheeler, T. Sherlock. Preparation 294.—Dinitro-Stilbene-Disulphonic Acid (Na salt). Systematic Organic Chemistry: Modern Methods of Preparation and Estimation. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. 1926: 314.

[9] Hunger, Klaus; Mischke, Peter; Rieper, Wolfgang; Raue, Roderich; Kunde, Klaus; Engel, Aloys, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005, doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_245

[10] National Toxicology, Program. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of p-nitrotoluene (CAS no. 99-99-0) in F344/N rats and B6C3F(1) mice (feed studies). National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. 2002, (498): 1–277. PMID 12118261.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]