TAS2R38

味あじ觉感受かんじゅ器き，类型2，成なり员38
味あじ觉感受かんじゅ器き，类型2，成なり员38
标识
代だい号ごう	TAS2R38; PTC; T2R61
扩展标识	遗传学がく：607751 鼠ねずみ基もと因いん：2681306 同どう源みなもと基はじめ因いん：47976 GeneCards: TAS2R38 Gene
基もと因いん本体ほんたい论描述じゅつ
分子ぶんし功こう能のう	· 感受かんじゅ器き活かつ动; · G蛋白たんぱく耦合受体活かつ动;
细胞成分せいぶん	· 膜まく; · 嵌入かんにゅう膜まく;
生物せいぶつ过程	· 信号しんごう传导; · G蛋白たんぱく耦合受体蛋白たんぱく信号しんごう传递路ろ径みち; · 响应刺激しげき; · 味あじ觉感受かんじゅ器き;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
直系ちょっけい同どう源みなもと体たい
物もの种	人ひと类
Entrez	5726
Ensembl	ENSG00000183609
UniProt	P59533
mRNA序列じょれつ	NM_176817
蛋白たんぱく序列じょれつ	NP_789787
基もと因いん位置いち	Chr 7:; 141.32 – 141.32 Mb
PubMed查询	[1]

TAS2R38是ぜ一いち种苦味にがみ味あじ觉感受かんじゅ器き^[1]^[2]，该感受かんじゅ器き可か以尝出で苯硫脲^[3]和わ丙へい硫氧嘧啶^[4]或ある者もの相しょう关物质的苦味にがみ。这一点和大多数苦味感受器有所不同，即そく该感受かんじゅ器き是ぜ对某类物质敏感かん，而大多数たすう感受かんじゅ器き则不会かい表ひょう现出强烈きょうれつ的てき选择性せい，能のう对多种物质做出で响应^[5]。该感受かんじゅ器き所しょ能のう尝出的てき相しょう应物质大量りょう存在そんざい于西にし兰花、卷まき心こころ菜さい以及其它十字じゅうじ花はな科か植物しょくぶつ中ちゅう^[5]，例れい如：葡萄糖ぶどうとう异硫氰酸盐（英えい语：Glucosinolates）及其相しょう关产物ぶつ异硫氰酸酯。目前もくぜん全ぜん球たま人じん类中，约有75%该感受かんじゅ器き相しょう关基因いん正常せいじょう，即そく，可か以尝出で苦味にがみ。而剩下か的てき25%则无法ほう尝出这类的てき苦味にがみ，或ある者もの敏感びんかん度ど较低^[6]。不ふ过目前まえ的てき研究けんきゅう表明ひょうめい该感受かんじゅ器き相しょう关基因いん的てき变异与あずか否いや，并不是ぜ决定某ぼう个人是ぜ否ひ此类苦味にがみ物ぶつ质的超ちょう级品尝家（英えい语：Supertaster）的てき唯ただ一因いちいん素もと。^[7]

引用いんよう

^ Conte C, Ebeling M, Marcuz A, Nef P, Andres-Barquin PJ. Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes belonging to the TAS2R family. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 2002, 98 (1): 45–53. PMID 12584440. doi:10.1159/000068546.
^ Drayna D, Coon H, Kim UK, Elsner T, Cromer K, Otterud B, Baird L, Peiffer AP, Leppert M. Genetic analysis of a complex trait in the Utah Genetic Reference Project: a major locus for PTC taste ability on chromosome 7q and a secondary locus on chromosome 16p. Hum. Genet. 2003, 112 (5-6): 567–72. PMID 12624758. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-0911-y.
^ Prodi DA, Drayna D, Forabosco P, Palmas MA, Maestrale GB, Piras D, Pirastu M, Angius A. Bitter taste study in a sardinian genetic isolate supports the association of phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity to the TAS2R38 bitter receptor gene. Chem. Senses. 2004, 29 (8): 697–702. PMID 15466815. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh074.
^ Duffy VB, Davidson AC, Kidd JR, Kidd KK, Speed WC, Pakstis AJ, Reed DR, Snyder DJ, Bartoshuk LM. Bitter receptor gene (TAS2R38), 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness and alcohol intake. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2004, 28 (11): 1629–37. PMC 1397913 . PMID 15547448. doi:10.1097/01.ALC.0000145789.55183.D4.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 味あじ蕾つぼみ和わ苦く涩说再さい见. 环球科学かがく (电脑报经营有限げん责任公司こうし与あずかScientific American合作がっさく推出). 2006, 11.
^ 研究けんきゅう称しょう尼あま安德あんとく特とく人じん也能“吃ども苦く”. 科学かがく网. 2009-08-18 [2010-08-09]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2010-12-28）.
^ Hayes JE, Bartoshuk LM, Kidd JR, Duffy VB. Supertasting and PROP Bitterness Depends on More Than the TAS2R38 Gene. Chem Senses. 2008, 33 (3): 255–65. PMID 18209019. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjm084.

深入ふかいり阅读

Margolskee RF. Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction.. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277 (1): 1–4. PMID 11696554. doi:10.1074/jbc.R100054200.
Montmayeur JP, Matsunami H. Receptors for bitter and sweet taste.. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2002, 12 (4): 366–71. PMID 12139982. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00345-8.
Kim UK, Drayna D. Genetics of individual differences in bitter taste perception: lessons from the PTC gene.. Clin. Genet. 2005, 67 (4): 275–80. PMID 15733260. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00361.x.
Anne-Spence M, Falk CT, Neiswanger K; et al. Estimating the recombination frequency for the PTC-Kell linkage.. Hum. Genet. 1984, 67 (2): 183–6. PMID 6745938. doi:10.1007/BF00272997.
Bufe B, Hofmann T, Krautwurst D; et al. The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta-glucopyranosides.. Nat. Genet. 2002, 32 (3): 397–401. PMID 12379855. doi:10.1038/ng1014.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003, 99 (26): 16899–903. PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899.
Zhang Y, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J; et al. Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways.. Cell. 2003, 112 (3): 293–301. PMID 12581520. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00071-0.
Conte C, Ebeling M, Marcuz A; et al. Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes belonging to the TAS2R family.. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 2003, 98 (1): 45–53. PMID 12584440. doi:10.1159/000068546.
Kim UK, Jorgenson E, Coon H; et al. Positional cloning of the human quantitative trait locus underlying taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide.. Science. 2003, 299 (5610): 1221–5. PMID 12595690. doi:10.1126/science.1080190.
Drayna D, Coon H, Kim UK; et al. Genetic analysis of a complex trait in the Utah Genetic Reference Project: a major locus for PTC taste ability on chromosome 7q and a secondary locus on chromosome 16p.. Hum. Genet. 2003, 112 (5-6): 567–72. PMID 12624758. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-0911-y.
Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR; et al. Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.. Science. 2003, 300 (5620): 767–72. PMC 2882961 . PMID 12690205. doi:10.1126/science.1083423.
Wooding S, Kim UK, Bamshad MJ; et al. Natural selection and molecular evolution in PTC, a bitter-taste receptor gene.. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2004, 74 (4): 637–46. PMC 1181941 . PMID 14997422. doi:10.1086/383092.
Pronin AN, Tang H, Connor J, Keung W. Identification of ligands for two human bitter T2R receptors.. Chem. Senses. 2005, 29 (7): 583–93. PMID 15337684. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh064.
Prodi DA, Drayna D, Forabosco P; et al. Bitter taste study in a sardinian genetic isolate supports the association of phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity to the TAS2R38 bitter receptor gene.. Chem. Senses. 2005, 29 (8): 697–702. PMID 15466815. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh074.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).. Genome Res. 2004, 14 (10B): 2121–7. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504.
Fischer A, Gilad Y, Man O, Pääbo S. Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes.. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2005, 22 (3): 432–6. PMID 15496549. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi027.
Go Y, Satta Y, Takenaka O, Takahata N. Lineage-specific loss of function of bitter taste receptor genes in humans and nonhuman primates.. Genetics. 2006, 170 (1): 313–26. PMC 1449719 . PMID 15744053. doi:10.1534/genetics.104.037523.

参まいり见

外部がいぶ链接

醫學いがく主題しゅだい詞し表ひょう（MeSH）：TAS2R38+protein,+human

[pmid12584440-1] Conte C, Ebeling M, Marcuz A, Nef P, Andres-Barquin PJ. Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes belonging to the TAS2R family. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 2002, 98 (1): 45–53. PMID 12584440. doi:10.1159/000068546.

[pmid12624758-2] Drayna D, Coon H, Kim UK, Elsner T, Cromer K, Otterud B, Baird L, Peiffer AP, Leppert M. Genetic analysis of a complex trait in the Utah Genetic Reference Project: a major locus for PTC taste ability on chromosome 7q and a secondary locus on chromosome 16p. Hum. Genet. 2003, 112 (5-6): 567–72. PMID 12624758. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-0911-y.

[pmid15466815-3] Prodi DA, Drayna D, Forabosco P, Palmas MA, Maestrale GB, Piras D, Pirastu M, Angius A. Bitter taste study in a sardinian genetic isolate supports the association of phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity to the TAS2R38 bitter receptor gene. Chem. Senses. 2004, 29 (8): 697–702. PMID 15466815. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh074.

[pmid15547448-4] Duffy VB, Davidson AC, Kidd JR, Kidd KK, Speed WC, Pakstis AJ, Reed DR, Snyder DJ, Bartoshuk LM. Bitter receptor gene (TAS2R38), 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness and alcohol intake. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2004, 28 (11): 1629–37. PMC 1397913 . PMID 15547448. doi:10.1097/01.ALC.0000145789.55183.D4.

[qkzz-5] 5.0 ^5.1 味あじ蕾つぼみ和わ苦く涩说再さい见. 环球科学かがく (电脑报经营有限げん责任公司こうし与あずかScientific American合作がっさく推出). 2006, 11.

[6] 研究けんきゅう称しょう尼あま安德あんとく特とく人じん也能“吃ども苦く”. 科学かがく网. 2009-08-18 [2010-08-09]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2010-12-28）.

[pmid18209019-7] Hayes JE, Bartoshuk LM, Kidd JR, Duffy VB. Supertasting and PROP Bitterness Depends on More Than the TAS2R38 Gene. Chem Senses. 2008, 33 (3): 255–65. PMID 18209019. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjm084.

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