TLR9

Toll-like receptor 9
标识
代だい号ごう	TLR9; CD289
扩展标识	遗传学がく：605474 鼠ねずみ基もと因いん：1932389 同どう源みなもと基はじめ因いん：68126 ChEMBL: 5804 GeneCards: TLR9 Gene
基もと因いん本体ほんたい论描述じゅつ
分子ぶんし功こう能のう	· transmembrane signaling receptor activity; · interleukin-1 receptor binding; · siRNA binding;
细胞成分せいぶん	· Golgi membrane; · extracellular region; · cytoplasm; · lysosome; · endosome; · endoplasmic reticulum; · endoplasmic reticulum membrane; · plasma membrane; · endosome membrane; · integral component of membrane; · basolateral plasma membrane; · apical plasma membrane; · early phagosome; · endolysosome membrane;
生物せいぶつ过程	· toll-like receptor signaling pathway; · response to molecule of bacterial origin; · MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; · inflammatory response; · I-kappaB phosphorylation; · insulin receptor signaling pathway; · positive regulation of gene expression; · maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium; · negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; · tumor necrosis factor production; · negative regulation of interleukin-6 production; · negative regulation of interleukin-8 production; · positive regulation of chemokine production; · positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production; · positive regulation of interferon-beta production; · positive regulation of interleukin-10 production; · positive regulation of interleukin-12 production; · positive regulation of interleukin-18 production; · positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; · positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; · positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; · negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway; · positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway; · toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway; · positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus; · defense response to bacterium; · positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; · positive regulation of JUN kinase activity; · positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process; · innate immune response; · positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process; · positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process; · positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; · positive regulation of JNK cascade; · regulation of cytokine secretion; · positive regulation of inflammatory response; · defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; · positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; · positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process; · negative regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
直系ちょっけい同どう源みなもと体たい
	查; 论; 编;

Toll样受体たい9（英語えいご：Toll-like receptor 9）是ぜ由人よしと类基もと因いん TLR9 编码的てき蛋白たんぱく质^[1]，也被称しょう为CD289（分化ぶんか簇むらが289，cluster of differentiation 289），是ぜToll样受体たい（TLR）家族かぞく的てき成なり员。

功こう能のう

TLR家族かぞく的てき受体在ざい病原びょうげん识别与あずか先天せんてん免疫めんえき的てき激げき活かつ中起なかおこし着ぎ基もと础作用よう。TLRs are named for the high degree of conservation in structure and function seen between mammalian TLRs and the Drosophila transmembrane protein Toll. TLRs是ぜ呈てい現在げんざい細胞さいぼう表面ひょうめん和わ胞內間あいだ室しつ的てき跨またが膜まく蛋白たんぱく，用よう以識別べつ病原びょうげん體たい呈てい現げん的てき病原びょうげん相しょう关分子ぶんし模も式しき（Pathogen-associated molecular patterns，PAMPs），然しか後こう啟けい動どう製造せいぞう先天せんてん和わ获得性せい免疫めんえき所ところ需的细胞因子いんし的てき信號しんごう。 The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. 这一基因通常表达于富含免疫细胞的组织，比ひ如脾、淋巴りんぱ结、骨髓こつづい等ひとし。研究けんきゅう指出さしで，在ざい小しょう鼠ねずみ和人わじん中ちゅう的てきTLR9受体可か响应细菌DNA中ちゅう的てき未み甲きのえ基はじめ化か的てきCpG寡脱氧核苷酸序列じょれつ来らい激げき活かつ先天せんてん免疫めんえき应答^[2]。

TLR9可か以识别DNA分ぶん子中こなか的てき未ひつじ甲きのえ基はじめ化か的てきCpG序列じょれつ，CpG位い点てん在ざい脊椎せきつい动物非常ひじょう稀少きしょう（~1%），但ただし在ざい细菌或ある病毒びょうどく基もと因いん组中很丰富とみ。TLR9在ざい免疫めんえき系けい统的てき多た种细胞中有ちゅうう表ひょう达，如B淋巴りんぱ细胞、单核细胞、自然しぜん杀伤细胞（NK）和わ浆细胞样树突状じょう细胞。TLR9表ひょう达于细胞内ない，是ぜ核かく内ない体からだ的てき组分之の一いち，其功能のう为当细菌或ある病毒びょうどく感染かんせん时结合あい其DNA上じょう的てき富とみCpG基もと序じょ来らい改あらため变免疫めんえき系けい统的状じょう态。TLR9的てき信号しんごう会かい导致细胞启动炎症えんしょう反はん应，并分泌ぶんぴつ相しょう关细胞因子いんし，如I型がた干ひ扰素和わIL-12等ひとし。

临床意い义

There are new immunomodulatory treatments undergoing testing which involve the administration of artificial DNA oligonucleotides containing the CpG motif. CpG DNA has applications in treating allergies such as asthma,^[3] immunostimulation against cancer,^[4] immunostimulation against pathogens, and as adjuvants in vaccines.^[5]

蛋白たんぱく质相互そうご作用さよう

TLR9 可か以与RNF216 交互こうご作用さよう发生^[6]。
它可以被CpG寡脱氧核苷酸激げき活かつ，如阿おもね托たく莫德（英えい语：Agatolimod）。

参考さんこう文献ぶんけん

^ Du X, Poltorak A, Wei Y, Beutler B. Three novel mammalian toll-like receptors: gene structure, expression, and evolution. Eur Cytokine Netw. Dec 2000, 11 (3): 362–71. PMID 11022119.
^ Entrez Gene: TLR9 toll-like receptor 9.
^ Kline JN. Eat dirt: CpG DNA and immunomodulation of asthma. Proc Am Thorac Soc. July 2007, 4 (3): 283–8. PMC 2647631 . PMID 17607014. doi:10.1513/pats.200701-019AW.
^ Thompson JA, Kuzel T, Bukowski R, Masciari F, Schmalbach T. Phase Ib trial of a targeted TLR9 CpG immunomodulator (CPG 7909) in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2004 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings (Post-Meeting Edition). July 2004, 22 (14S) [2016-01-14]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2012-03-08）.
^ Klinman DM. Adjuvant activity of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Int. Rev. Immunol. 2006, 25 (3-4): 135–54. PMID 16818369. doi:10.1080/08830180600743057.
^ Chuang TH, Ulevitch RJ. Triad3A, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating Toll-like receptors. Nat. Immunol. May 2004, 5 (5): 495–502. PMID 15107846. doi:10.1038/ni1066.

延伸えんしん阅读

Lien E, Ingalls RR. Toll-like receptors.. Crit. Care Med. 2002, 30 (1 Suppl): S1–11. PMID 11782555. doi:10.1097/00003246-200201001-00001.
Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors.. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2002, 1589 (1): 1–13. PMID 11909637. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(01)00182-3.

外部がいぶ链接

醫學いがく主題しゅだい詞し表ひょう（MeSH）：TLR9+protein,+human

TLR9引用いんよう了りょう美国びくに国家こっか医学いがく图书馆提供ていきょう的てき資料しりょう，这些資料しりょう属ぞく于公共こうきょう领域。

[pmid11022119-1] Du X, Poltorak A, Wei Y, Beutler B. Three novel mammalian toll-like receptors: gene structure, expression, and evolution. Eur Cytokine Netw. Dec 2000, 11 (3): 362–71. PMID 11022119.

[2] Entrez Gene: TLR9 toll-like receptor 9.

[pmid17607014-3] Kline JN. Eat dirt: CpG DNA and immunomodulation of asthma. Proc Am Thorac Soc. July 2007, 4 (3): 283–8. PMC 2647631 . PMID 17607014. doi:10.1513/pats.200701-019AW.

[Thompson_2004-4] Thompson JA, Kuzel T, Bukowski R, Masciari F, Schmalbach T. Phase Ib trial of a targeted TLR9 CpG immunomodulator (CPG 7909) in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2004 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings (Post-Meeting Edition). July 2004, 22 (14S) [2016-01-14]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2012-03-08）.

[pmid16818369-5] Klinman DM. Adjuvant activity of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Int. Rev. Immunol. 2006, 25 (3-4): 135–54. PMID 16818369. doi:10.1080/08830180600743057.

[pmid15107846-6] Chuang TH, Ulevitch RJ. Triad3A, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating Toll-like receptors. Nat. Immunol. May 2004, 5 (5): 495–502. PMID 15107846. doi:10.1038/ni1066.

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