Jin Wengong 晉文公 Duke Wen of Jin (www.chinaknowledge.de)

Dec 2, 2010 © Ulrich Theobald

Jin Wengong 晉すすむ文ぶん公こう (r. 636-628) was a ruler of the state of Jin 晉すすむ during the Spring and Autumn period 春秋しゅんじゅう (770-5th cent. BCE) and the second of the so-called five hegemons (wuba 五ご霸). His personal name was Ji Chong'er 姬ひめ重しげる耳みみ, and he was a son of duke Xian 晉すすむ獻けんじ公こう (r. 676-651), who made him grand master (dafu 大夫たいふ) of the town of Pu 蒲がま (modern Xixian 隰縣, Shanxi).

During the unrest caused by Li Ji 驪姬, Mingzhong took refuge to the Di 狄 tribes, and to a whole series of states. He stayed abroad for nineteen years and suffered all hardships of the common man. In 636 he was able to return under the protection of an army of Qin 秦はた to mount the throne of Jin. He first killed his uncle, Duke Huai 晉すすむ懷ふところ公こう (r. 637), and his ministers Lü Sheng 呂りょ省しょう and Xi Rui 郤芮.

Through a centralisation of the government he was able to make Jin a powerful state. His first international activity was the re-enthronment of King Xiang of Zhou 周しゅう襄じょう王おう (r. 651-619). In 632 he defeated the army of Chu 楚すわえ at Chengpu 城じょう濮 (modern Zhengcheng 鄭てい城しろ, Shandong), a victory that enabled him to assemble the regional rulers (zhuhou 諸侯しょこう) at Jiantu 踐土 (modern Yuanyang 原はら陽よう, Henan), and, in the presence of the king, he proclaimed himself the hegemonial lord (houbo 侯ほう伯はく).

Although Duke Wen of Jin was only the second hegemonial lord, after Duke Huan of Qi 齊ひとし桓公かんこう (r. 685-643), he was actually the one who institutionalized this position.

Sources:

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Zhao Henglie 趙ちょう恒ひさし烈れつ, Xu Xiqi 徐じょ錫すず祺, ed. (1987). Jianming Zhong-wai lishi cidian 簡明かんめい中外ちゅうがい歷史れきし辭典じてん (Xi'an: Shaanxi renmin jiaoyu chubanshe), 15.

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Jin Wengong 晉すすむ文ぶん公こう, Duke Wen of Jin