Emperor Taizong of Jin

This article is about the 12th-century Jin dynasty emperor. For the 4th-century Jin dynasty emperor, see Emperor Jianwen of Jin. For the 17th-century ruler of Later Jin, see Hong Taiji.

Emperor Taizong of Jin (25 November 1075 – 9 February 1135), personal name Wuqimai, sinicised name Wanyan Sheng, was the second emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. His era name was "Tianhui" (天てん會かい). During his reign, the Jin dynasty conquered the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. He then led the Jin in their campaigns against the Song dynasty, captured the Northern Song capital in 1127 and went on to rule most of northern China. After his death, he was posthumously honoured with the temple name Taizong by his successor, Emperor Xizong.

Emperor Taizong of Jin 金太きんた宗むね
Emperor of the Jin dynasty
Reign	27 September 1123 – 9 February 1135
Predecessor	Emperor Taizu of Jin
Successor	Emperor Xizong of Jin
Born	25 November 1075
Died	9 February 1135(1135-02-09) (aged 59)
Burial	Gong Mausoleum (恭きょう陵りょう, in present-day Fangshan District, Beijing)
Spouse	Empress Qinren
Issue	See § Family
Names Sinicised name: Wanyan Sheng (完かん顏がお晟あきら) Jurchen name: Wuqimai (吳ご乞買) Era name and dates Tianhui (天てん會かい): 1123–1135 Posthumous name Emperor Tiyuan Yingyun Shide Zhaogong Zhehui Rensheng Wenlie (體からだ元もと應おう運うん世よ德とく昭あきら功こう哲あきら惠めぐみ仁ひとし聖せい文ぶん烈れつ皇帝こうてい) Temple name Taizong (太ふとし宗むね)
House	Wanyan
Dynasty	Jin
Father	Wanyan Helibo
Mother	Lady Nalan

Emperor Taizong of Jin
Chinese	金太きんた宗むね
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Jīn Tàizōng
Wuqimai
Traditional Chinese	吳ご乞買
Simplified Chinese	吴乞买
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Wányán Wúqímǎi
Wanyan Sheng
Traditional Chinese	完かん顏がお晟あきら
Simplified Chinese	完かん颜晟
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Wányán Shèng

Life

Wuqimai was the fourth son of Helibo and his primary consort, Lady Nalan (拏懒氏し). He was a younger brother of Aguda (Emperor Taizu), the founder and first emperor of the Jin dynasty. He succeeded his brother in 1123. Two years later, the Jin general Wanyan Loushi (完かん顏がお婁室) led forces to attack the Khitan-led Liao dynasty and succeeded in capturing Emperor Tianzuo, the last Liao ruler, thereby ending the Liao dynasty's existence.

In October 1125, Emperor Taizong waged war against the Han Chinese-led Song dynasty and ordered his fifth brother, Wanyan Gao (完かん顏がお杲), to lead the Jin armies to attack Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan Province), the Song capital, from two different directions. The Song general Li Gang (李り綱つな) led fierce resistance against the Jin invaders. After some time, the Jin and Song dynasties agreed to a truce. In August 1126, Emperor Taizong ordered Wanyan Zongwang (完かん顏がお宗そう望のぞむ) and Wanyan Zonghan to lead Jin forces to attack and besiege Bianjing again. This time, the Jin dynasty not only conquered Bianjing, but also captured Emperors Huizong and Qinzong of the Song dynasty. This event, historically known as the Jingkang Incident, marked the end of the Northern Song dynasty and beginning of the Southern Song dynasty.

In 1128, Emperor Taizong gave ironic titles of nobility to the two captured former Song emperors; Emperor Huizong was called "Duke Hunde" (昏德公こう; literally "Besotted Duke") while Emperor Qinzong was called "Marquis Chonghun" (重じゅう昏侯; literally "Doubly Besotted Marquis"). They were resettled in Wuguocheng (五ご國こく城じょう; in present-day Yilan County, Heilongjiang Province).

During his reign, Emperor Taizong laid and strengthened the Jin dynasty's political system and institutions. In his later years, he designated Hela, a grandson of Aguda, as his successor. He died in Mingde Palace in 1135 and was buried in the He Mausoleum (和わ陵りょう). His descendants were massacred by Digunai (Prince of Hailing), the fourth ruler of the Jin dynasty, as a political move to eliminate possible contenders to the throne. His remains were relocated to Dafangshan (大房おおふさ山さん), which became known as the Gong Mausoleum (恭きょう陵りょう).

Family

Parents

• Empress Qinren of the Tangkuo clan (欽仁皇后こうごう 唐とう括くく氏し)
  • Wanyan Zongpan, Prince of Song (宋そう王おう 完かん顏がお宗そう磐いわお), 1st son
• Unknown:
  • Wanyan Zonggu, Prince of Bin (豳王 完かん顏がお宗むね固かた)
  • Wanyan Zongya, Prince of Dai (代だい王おう 完かん顏がお宗そう雅みやび)
  • Wanyan Zongshun, Prince of Xu (徐じょ王おう 完かん顏がお宗そう順じゅん)
  • Wanyan Zongwei, Prince of Yu (虞おそれ王おう 完かん顏がお宗むね偉えら), the Prince of Yu (虞おそれ王おう)
  • Wanyan Zongying, Prince of Teng (滕王 完かん顏がお宗そう英すぐる)
  • Wanyan Zongyi, Prince of Xue (薛王 完かん顏がお宗むね懿)
  • Wanyan Zongben the Prince of Yuan (原はら王おう 完かん顏がお宗むね本ほん)
  • Gulan (鶻懶), the Prince of Yi (翼つばさ王おう)
  • Hulijia (胡えびす里さと甲かぶと), sinicised name Wanyan Zongmei (完かん顏がお宗そう美よし), the Prince of Feng (豐ゆたか王おう)
  • Shentumen (神土かんど門もん), the Prince of Yun (鄆王)
  • Huboshu (斛孛束たば), the Prince of Huo (霍王)
  • Wolie (斡烈), the Prince of Cai (蔡王)
  • Wanyan Zongzhe of Bi (畢王 完かん顏がお宗そう哲あきら),