Mutsu Province (
Mutsu Province | |||||||||||||||
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Province of Japan | |||||||||||||||
654–1869 | |||||||||||||||
![]() Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Mutsu Province highlighted | |||||||||||||||
Capital | Miyagi District | ||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||
• Established | 654 | ||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1869 | ||||||||||||||
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Today part of | Fukushima Prefecture Miyagi Prefecture Iwate Prefecture Akita Prefecture Aomori Prefecture |
Mutsu Province is also known as Ōshū (
History
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2011) |
Invasion by the Kinai government
editMutsu, on northern Honshū, was one of the last provinces to be formed as land was taken from the indigenous Emishi, and became the largest as it expanded northward. The ancient regional capital of the Kinai government was Tagajō in present-day Miyagi Prefecture.
- 709 (Wadō 2, 3rd month), an uprising against governmental authority took place in Mutsu and in nearby Echigo Province. Troops were dispatched to subdue the revolt.[citation needed]
- 712 (Wadō 5), Mutsu was separated from Dewa Province. Empress Genmei's Daijō-kan made cadastral changes in the provincial map of the Nara period, as in the following year when Mimasaka Province was split from Bizen Province, Hyūga Province was sundered from Ōsumi Province, and Tanba Province was severed from Tango Province.[citation needed]
- 718, Shineha, Uda and Watari districts of the Mutsu Province, Kikuta, Iwaki districts of the Hitachi Province are incorporated into Iwaki Province (718).
- 801, Mutsu was conquered by Sakanoue no Tamuramaro.[1]
- 869 (Jōgan 10, 5th month): A terrible earthquake struck Mutsu. More than 1,000 people lost their lives in the disaster.[2]
Prosperity of Hiraizumi
editIn 1095, the Ōshū Fujiwara clan settled at Hiraizumi, under the leadership of Fujiwara no Kiyohira. Kiyohira hoped to "form a city rivaling Kyoto as a centre of culture". The legacy of the Ōshū Fujiwara clan remains with the temples Chūson-ji and Mōtsū-ji in Hiraizumi, and the Shiramizu Amidadō temple building in Iwaki. In 1189, Minamoto no Yoritomo invaded Mutsu with three great forces, eventually killing Fujiwara no Yasuhira and acquiring the entire domain.[3]
Sengoku period
editDuring the Sengoku period, clans ruled parts of the province.
- The Nanbu clan at Morioka in the north.
- The Date clan at Iwadeyama and Sendai in the south.
- The Sōma clan at Nakamura in the south.
- The Iwaki clan at Iinodaira in the south.
- The Uesugi clan had a castle town at Wakamatsu in the south.
After the Boshin War
editAs a result of the Boshin War, Mutsu Province was divided by the Meiji government, on 19 January 1869, into five provinces: Iwashiro, Iwaki, Rikuzen, Rikuchū, and Rikuō)[citation needed]. The fifth of these, corresponding roughly to today's Aomori Prefecture, was assigned the same two kanji as the entire province prior to division; however, the character reading was different.[4] Due to the similarity in characters in the name, this smaller province has also sometimes been referred to as 'Mutsu'.
Districts
editUnder Ritsuryō
edit- Kesen District (
気仙 郡 ) - Isawa District (
膽沢 郡 ) - Esashi District (
江刺 郡 ) - Iwai District (
磐井 郡 ) (split into Higashiiwai and Nishiiwai districts) - Waga District (
和賀 郡 ) - Shiwa District (
紫波 郡 ) - Hienuki District (
稗貫 郡 ) (dissolved in 2005) - Iwate District (
岩手 郡 ) - Hei District (
閉伊 郡 ) (split in 1879)- Kitahei District (
北 閉伊 郡 ) - Higashihei District (
東 閉伊 郡 ) - Nishihei District (
西 閉伊 郡 ) - Minamihei District (
南 閉伊 郡 )
- Kitahei District (
- Kunohe District (
九戸 郡 )
- Katta District (
刈田 郡 ) - Igu District (
伊具 郡 ) - Watari District (
亘理 郡 ) - Shibata District (
柴田 郡 ) - Natori District (
名取 郡 ) - Miyagi District (
宮城 郡 ) - Kurokawa District (
黒川 郡 ) - Kami District (
賀 美 郡 ) - Shikama District (
色麻 郡 ) (dissolved, merged with Kami District) - Tamatsukuri District (
玉造 郡 ) - Shida District (
志太 郡 ) - Kurihara District (
栗原 郡 ) - Nagaoka District (
長岡 郡 ) (distinct from the one in Kōchi Prefecture) - Niita District (
新田 郡 ) (distinct from the one in Gunma Prefecture; dissolved, absorbed into Kurihara District) - Oda District (
小田 郡 ) (dissolved, now in the city of Tome, Miyagi Prefecture) - Tōda District (
遠田 郡 ) - Oshika District (
牡鹿 郡 ) - Tome District (
登米 郡 ) - Monou District (
桃生 郡 )
- Iwase District (
磐 瀬 郡 ) - Aizu District (
会津 郡 )- Yama District (
耶麻 郡 ) (separated from Aizu District during the Heian period) - Ōnuma District (
大沼 郡 ) (separated from Aizu District during the Heian period) - Kawanuma District (
河沼 郡 ) (separated from Aizu District during the Heian period)
- Yama District (
- Asaka District (
安積 郡 )- Tamura District (
田村 郡 ) (split off from Asaka District in 1717)
- Tamura District (
- Adachi District (
安達 郡 ) - Shinobu District (
信夫 郡 )- Date District (
伊達 郡 ) (split off from Shinobu District in first half of 10th century)- Mogami District (
最上 郡 ) (transferred to Dewa Province in 712) - Murayama District (
村山 郡 ) (transferred to Dewa Province in 712) - Okitama District (
置賜 郡 ) (transferred to Dewa Province in 712)
- Mogami District (
- Date District (
- Nishishirakawa District (
西白河 郡 ) - Higashishirakawa District (
東白川 郡 ) - Ishikawa District (
石川 郡 ) - Kikuta District (
菊 多 郡 ) - Iwaki District (
石城 郡 ) - Shineha District (
標葉 郡 ) - Namekata District (
行方 郡 ) - Uda District (
宇多 郡 )
Meiji Era
edit- Aomori Prefecture
- Tsugaru District (
津軽 郡 )- Higashitsugaru District (
東津軽 郡 ) - Kitatsugaru District (
北津軽 郡 ) - Minamitsugaru District (
南津軽 郡 ) - Nakatsugaru District (
中津軽 郡 ) - Nishitsugaru District (
西津軽 郡 )
- Higashitsugaru District (
- Kita District (
北 郡 ) - Sannohe District (
三戸 郡 )
- Tsugaru District (
- Iwate Prefecture
- Ninohe District (
二戸 郡 )
- Ninohe District (
See also
edit- Sanriku
- Tōhoku region
- Tōsandō
- Japanese battleship Mutsu, the World War II Imperial Japanese Navy warship named after the province.
- Dewa Province
Notes
edit- ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Mutsu" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 676, p. 676, at Google Books.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 119., p. 119, at Google Books
- ^ Sansom, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. p. 254,326–328. ISBN 0804705232.
- ^ "
地名 「三陸 地方 」の起源 に関 する地理 学 的 ならびに社会 学 的 問題 " (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-18.(岩手大学 教育 学部 )
References
edit- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon (Nihon Ōdai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.