杜撰
Chinese
editDu (surname) | compose; compile | ||
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trad. ( |
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simp. #( |
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Literally: “written by Du (Mo)”. |
Etymology
editFrom the name of a Song Dynasty poet Du Mo, whose poetry works often do not conform to the metre patterns of classical Chinese poetry.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ ㄓㄨㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dùjhuàn
- Wade–Giles: tu4-chuan4
- Yale: dù-jwàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duhjuann
- Palladius: дучжуань (dučžuanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: dou6 zaan6
- Yale: douh jaahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou6 dzaan6
- Guangdong Romanization: dou6 zan6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯²² t͡saːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
Verb
editSynonyms
editDescendants
editJapanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
ず Jinmeiyō |
さん Jinmeiyō |
goon | kan'on |
Etymology
edit/dusan/ → /d͡zusaɴ/ → /zusaɴ/
Borrowed from Chinese
Also pronounced zuzan (with rendaku) in older texts.[1][2]
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editInflection
editInflection of 杜撰
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective ( |
ずさんだろ | zusan daro | |
Continuative ( |
ずさんで | zusan de | |
Terminal ( |
ずさんだ | zusan da | |
Attributive ( |
ずさんな | zusan na | |
Hypothetical ( |
ずさんなら | zusan nara | |
Imperative ( |
ずさんであれ | zusan de are | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | ずさんではない ずさんじゃない |
zusan de wa nai zusan ja nai | |
Informal past | ずさんだった | zusan datta | |
Informal negative past | ずさんではなかった ずさんじゃなかった |
zusan de wa nakatta zusan ja nakatta | |
Formal | ずさんです | zusan desu | |
Formal negative | ずさんではありません ずさんじゃありません |
zusan de wa arimasen zusan ja arimasen | |
Formal past | ずさんでした | zusan deshita | |
Formal negative past | ずさんではありませんでした ずさんじゃありませんでした |
zusan de wa arimasen deshita zusan ja arimasen deshita | |
Conjunctive | ずさんで | zusan de | |
Conditional | ずさんなら(ば) | zusan nara (ba) | |
Provisional | ずさんだったら | zusan dattara | |
Volitional | ずさんだろう | zusan darō | |
Adverbial | ずさんに | zusan ni | |
Degree | ずさんさ | zusansa |
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Irrealis ( |
ずさんなら | zusannara | ||
Continuative ( |
ずさんに ずさんなり |
zusanni zusannari | ||
Terminal ( |
ずさんなり | zusannari | ||
Attributive ( |
ずさんなる | zusannaru | ||
Realis ( |
ずさんなれ | zusannare | ||
Imperative ( |
ずさんなれ | zusannare | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | ずさんならず | zusannarazu | ||
Contrasting conjunction | ずさんなれど | zusannaredo | ||
Causal conjunction | ずさんなれば | zusannareba | ||
Conditional conjunction | ずさんならば | zusannaraba | ||
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | ずさんなりき | zusannariki | ||
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | ずさんなりけり | zusannarikeri | ||
Adverbial | ずさんに | zusanni | ||
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. |
Noun
edit- sloppiness, carelessness
- a piece of writing with either unreliable sources or many errors
Derived terms
edit杜撰 脱漏 (zusandatsurō): careless (slipshod) and with many omissions
Verb
editConjugation
editConjugation of "杜撰 する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ずさんし | zusan shi | ||
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ずさんし | zusan shi | ||
Shūshikei ("terminal") | ずさんする | zusan suru | ||
Rentaikei ("attributive") | ずさんする | zusan suru | ||
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ずさんすれ | zusan sure | ||
Meireikei ("imperative") | ずさんせよ¹ ずさんしろ² |
zusan seyo¹ zusan shiro² | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | ずさんされる | zusan sareru | ||
Causative | ずさんさせる ずさんさす |
zusan saseru zusan sasu | ||
Potential | ずさんできる | zusan dekiru | ||
Volitional | ずさんしよう | zusan shiyō | ||
Negative | ずさんしない | zusan shinai | ||
Negative continuative | ずさんせず | zusan sezu | ||
Formal | ずさんします | zusan shimasu | ||
Perfective | ずさんした | zusan shita | ||
Conjunctive | ずさんして | zusan shite | ||
Hypothetical conditional | ずさんすれば | zusan sureba | ||
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
edit- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995)
大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ^ Takebayashi, Shigeru (1993) The Kenkyusha Japanese-English Learner's Pocket Dictionary, Tōkyō: Kenkyūsha, →ISBN.
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
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- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
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- Chinese terms spelled with
杜 - Chinese terms spelled with
撰 - Japanese terms spelled with
杜 read as ず - Japanese terms spelled with
撰 read as さん - Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms historically spelled with づ
- Japanese な-na adjectives
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