Kuai (dish)
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Kuai (Chinese:
Sauces were an essential part of kuai dishes, with scallions used for preparation of sauces in spring and mustard seed used for sauces in autumn.[1] According to many classical texts, kuai served without sauces was deemed inedible and should be avoided.[2][3]
History
[edit]Raw fish and meat dishes, known collectively as kuai, were first documented in China in the Zhou dynasty (1045–256 BC), and are mentioned in the Classic of Poetry,[4] Classic of Rites, Analects[5] and Mencius.[6] A related preparation method is xuan (
During the time of the Qin (221–206 BCE) and Han (206 BCE–220 CE) dynasties, kuai made from the meat of land fauna became less popular with the term used to refer more and more to thinly sliced raw fish. The dish was widely consumed by all classes and coincides with the appearance of the character kuài (
Although the dish was not widely consumed in later Chinese dynasties, it enjoyed a very high status in Chinese cuisine.[9] Chinese physicians of the time sometimes recommended against it due to the very real possibility of serious illness due to flukes and other parasitic organisms, however many prominent Chinese individuals (including Cao Zhi and Chen Deng) maintained a strong affinity for the dish. It was believed that the application of strongly flavored spices such as mustard or Sichuan pepper could render the dish safe to consume.[9]
Consumption of kuai in China declined sharply by the time of the Qing dynasty.[9] Since that time, most Chinese food has been cooked, though a Chaozhou (Teochew) dish called yusheng uses raw fish as its primary ingredient.[9]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ (
膾 :春 用 蔥,秋 用 芥 、豚 ;春 用 韭 ,秋 用 蓼 。) Nei Ze (內則), Book of Rites. - ^ a b (
食 不 厭 精 ,膾 不 厭 細 。食 饐而餲,魚 餒而肉 敗 ,不 食 。色惡 ,不 食 。臭 惡 ,不 食 。失 飪,不 食 。不時 ,不 食 。割 不正 ,不 食 。不 得 其醬,不 食 。) Xiang Dang (鄉黨 ), The Analects. - ^ a b
江 (Chiang),雅 茹 (Ya-ju) (2010-05-01),詩經 :飲 食品 類 研究 (The Foods and Beverages in the Book of Odes),印 書 小 舖, ISBN 978-986-6659-45-4 - ^
詩經 /六月 - 维基文 库,自由 的 图书馆 (in Chinese). Zh.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2009-05-11. - ^ "The Analects of Confucius - Lun Yu X. 8. (248)". Afpc.asso.fr. Archived from the original on 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
- ^
孟子 /盡 心 下 - 維基文庫 ,自由 的 圖書館 (in Chinese). Zh.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2009-05-11. - ^ (
祝 、阿 不 食 生魚 ) Shi Ji (釋 忌 ), Fengsu Tongyi. - ^ Qimin Yaoshu vol. 8.
- ^ a b c d "
中國 古代 的 生食 肉類 餚饌──膾 生 Kuai and Sheng ─ the Raw Fish and Meat Dishes in Chinese History". Saturn.ihp.sinica.edu.tw. Retrieved 2009-05-11.