Mino Province

Mino Province 美濃みの国こく
pre-Meiji period Japan
701–1871
Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Mino Province highlighted
Capital	Tarui
Area
• Coordinates	35°22′39″N 136°31′26″E
History
• Ritsuryō system	701
• Disestablished	1871
Today part of	Gifu Prefecture

Hiroshige ukiyo-e "Hida" in "The Famous Scenes of the Sixty States" (六ろく十じゅう余よ州しゅう名所めいしょ図会ずえ), depicting a Yōrō Waterfalls

Mino Province (美濃みの国こく, Mino no kuni) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today southern Gifu Prefecture. Mino was bordered by Ōmi to the west, Echizen and Hida to the north, Shinano to the east, and Ise, Mikawa, and Owari to the south. Its abbreviated form name was Nōshū or Jōshū (濃こ州しゅう). Under the Engishiki classification system, Mino was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国たいこく) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国きんごく) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital and ichinomiya were located in what is now the town of Tarui.

Historical record

"Mino" is an ancient place name, and appears in mokkan wooden tags from the ruins of Asuka-kyō, Fujiwara-kyō, and other ancient sites, but using the kanji "三さん野の国こく". Per the Kujiki, there were originally three separate countries in Mino, centered around what is now Ōgaki, Ōno, and Kakamigahara. Each had its own Kuni no miyatsuko, and together with Motosu (in eastern Gifu) and Mugetsu (in north-central Gifu), these five entities were joined under Yamato rule to form the province of Mino. The use of the kanji "美濃みの" is found in the Kojiki and became prevalent in the Nara period. Early Mino included much of Kiso District in Shinano and portions of northern Owari. The route of the ancient Tōsandō highway connecting the ancient capitals of Japan and the eastern provinces passed through Mino, and even in 713 AD, records indicate that the road was widened to accommodate increasing numbers of travelers.

The Nihon Shoki and Shoku Nihongi indicates that numerous immigrants from the Hata clan and from Silla settled in Mino in the Asuka and Nara periods.

During the Kamakura and Muromachi Period, the Toki clan held the position of shugo of Mino Province. During the Sengoku period, Saitō Dōsan usurped political power from the Toki, and later the province was conquered by Oda Nobunaga. The Battle of Sekigahara took place at the western edge of Mino, near the mountains between the Chūbu Region and the Kinki Region. With the establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate, several feudal domains were established in Mino. At the time of the Meiji restoration, Mino was divided into 18 districts, which in turn were divided into 131 subdistricts and 1561 villages. The total assessed kokudaka of the province was 654,872 koku.

Historical districts

Mino Province consisted of twenty-one districts:

• Gifu Prefecture
  • Anpachi District (安八あんぱち郡ぐん) - absorbed parts of Taki District; but lost parts to Kaisai and Shimoishizu Districts to become Kaizu District (海津かいづ郡ぐん) on April 1, 1896
  • Atsumi District (厚見あつみ郡ぐん) - merged with Kakami and parts of Katagata Districts to become Inaba District (稲葉いなば郡ぐん) on April 1, 1896
  • Ena District (恵那えな郡ぐん) - dissolved
  • Fuwa District (不破ふわ郡ぐん)
  • Gujō District (郡上こおりかみ郡ぐん) - dissolved
  • Haguri District (羽栗はぐり郡ぐん) - merged with Nakashima District to become Hashima District (羽島はしま郡ぐん) on April 1, 1896
  • Ikeda District (池田いけだ郡ぐん) - merged with parts of Ōno (Mino) Districts to become Ibi District (揖斐いび郡ぐん) on April 1, 1896
  • Ishizu District (石津いしづ郡ぐん)
    • Kamiishizu District (上石津かみいしづ郡ぐん) - merged with parts of Taki District to become Yōrō District (養老ようろう郡ぐん) on April 1, 1896
    • Shimoishizu District (下石おろじ津つ郡ぐん) - merged with Kaisai and parts of Anpachi Districts to become Kaizu District on April 1, 1896
  • Kaisai District (海うみ西郡にしごおり) - merged with Shimoishizu and parts of Anpachi Districts to become Kaizu District on April 1, 1896
  • Kakami District (各務かがみ郡ぐん) - merged with Atsumi and parts of Katagata Districts to become Inaba District on April 1, 1896
  • Kamo District (加茂かも郡ぐん)
  • Kani District (可児かに郡ぐん)
  • Katagata District (石津いしづ郡ぐん) - dissolved to split and merged into parts of Inaba, Motosu and Yamagata Districts on April 1, 1896
  • Mugi District (武儀むぎ郡ぐん) - dissolved
  • Mushiroda District (席せき田た郡ぐん) - merged with former Motosu, parts of Katagata and parts of Ōno (Mino) Districts to become Motosu District (本巣もとす郡ぐん) on April 1, 1896
  • Nakashima District (中島なかじま郡ぐん) - merged with Haguri District to become Hashima District on April 1, 1896
  • Ōno District (Mino) (大野おおの郡ぐん) - dissolved to split and merged into parts of Motosu and Ibi Districts on April 1, 1896
  • Taki District (石津いしづ郡ぐん) - dissolved to split and merged into parts of Yōrō and Anpachi Districts on April 1, 1896
  • Toki District (土岐とき郡ぐん) - dissolved
  • Yamagata District (山県やまがた郡ぐん) - absorbed parts of Katagata District on April 1, 1896; now dissolved

Shugo

Below is an incomplete list of the shugo who controlled Mino Province and the years of their control:

Kamakura shogunate

• Ōuchi Koreyoshi (大内おおうち惟義これよし), 1187–1211
• Ōuchi Korenobu (大内おおうち惟信いしん), until 1221
• Utunomiya Yasutsuna (宇都宮うつのみや泰やすし綱つな), from 1252
• Hōjō clan, from 1285
• Hōjō Tokimura (北条ほうじょう時じ村むら), 1296–1300
• Hōjō Masataka (北条ほうじょう政まさし高だか), until 1333

Muromachi shogunate

• Toki Yorisada (土岐とき頼よりゆき貞さだ), 1336–1339
• Toki Yoritō (土岐とき頼よりゆき遠とお), 1339–1342
• Toki Yoriyasu (土岐とき頼康よりやす), 1342–1387
• Toki Yasuyuki (土岐とき康行やすゆき), 1387–1389
• Toki Yoritada (土岐とき頼よりゆき忠ただし), 1390–1394
• Toki Yorimasu (土岐とき頼よりゆき益えき), 1395–1414
• Toki Mochimasu (土岐とき持じ益えき), 1422–1465
• Toki Shigeyori (土岐とき成しげる頼よりゆき), 1468–1495
• Toki Masafusa (土岐とき政まさし房ぼう), 1495–1519
• Toki Yorinari (土岐とき頼よりゆき芸げい), 1519–1542

Edo period Domains

Domains in Mino Province

Name	HQ	Daimyō & kokudaka
Ōgaki Domain	Ōgaki Castle	Ishikawa clan: 50,000; 1601 - 1616 (transfer to Hita Domain) Hisamatsu-Matsudaira clan: 20,000; 1616 - 1624 (transfer to Komoro Domain) Okabe clan: 50,000; 1624 - 1633 (transfer to Tatsuno Domain]) Matsudaira clan: 60,000; 1633 - 1635 (transfer to Kuwana Domain) Toda clan: 100,000,1635 - 1871
Ōgaki Shinden Domain	Hatamura jin'ya	Toda clan: 10,000; 1688 - 1871
Gujō Domain	Gujō Hachiman Castle	Endo clan: 27,000→24,000; 1600 - 1692 (attainder) Inoue clan: 50,000; 1692 - 1697 (transfer to Kameyama Domain) Kanemori clan: 38,000; 1697 - 1758 (attainder due to mismanagement) Aoyama clan: 48,000; 1758 - 1871
Kanō Domain	Kanō Castle	Okudaira clan: 100,000; 1601 - 1632 (attainder) Ōkubo clan: 50,000; 1632 - 1639 (transfer to Akashi Domain) Toda-Matsudaira clan: 70,000; 1639 - 1711 (transfer to Yodo Domain) Andō clan: 65,000→50,000; 1711 - 1756 (transfer to Iwakitaira Domain) Nagai clan: 32,000; 1711 - 1871
Iwamura Domain	Iwamura Castle	Ogyū-Matsudaira clan: 20,000; 1601 - 1638 (transfer from Hamamatsu Domain) Niwa clan: 20,000; 1638 - 1702 (transfer to Takayanagi Domain) Ogyū-Matsudaira clan: 20,000→30,000; 1702 - 1871
Naegi Domain	Naegi Castle	Tōyama clan: 10,000; 1600 - 1871
Takatomi Domain	Takatomi jin'ya	Honjo clan: 10,000; 1709 - 1871
Imao Domain	Imao Castle Imao jin'ya	Ichihashi clan: 20,000; 1600 - 1610 (transfer to Yabase Domain Takenokoshi clan: 10,000→20,000→30,000→20,000; 1611 - 1871 (as part of Owari Domain)
Takasu Domain	Takasu Castle Takasu jin'ya	Tokunaga clan: 50,000; 1600 - 1628 (attainder) Ogasawara clan: 22,000;　1640 - 1691 (transfer to Katsuyama Domain) Owari Tokugawa clan: 30,000; 1700 - 1870 (as part of Owari Domain)
Kurono Domain	Kurono Castle	Kato calan: 40,000; 1600 - 1610 (transfer to Yonago Domain)
Ibi Domain	Ibi Castle	Nishio clan: 30,000→25,500; 1600 - 1623 (attainder)
Kaneyama Domain		Matsudaira clan: 25,000; 1600 - 1601 (transfer to Hamamatsu Domain)
Kozuchi Domain	Ogurayama Castle	Kanemori clan: 18,000→20,000; 1600 - 1611 (attainder)
Jushichijo Domain	Jushichijo Castle	Inaba clan: 10,000→20,000, 1607 - 1627 (transfer to Moka Domain)
Aono Domain	Aono jin'ya	Inaba clan: 12,000; 1681 - 1684 (attainder)
Seki Domain	Seki jin'ya	Oshima clan: 18,000 1600 - 1604 (reduced to hatamoto holding)
Kiyomizu Domain	Kiyomisu Castle	Inaba clan: 12,000; 1600 - 1607 (attainder)
Iwataki Domain	Iwataki Jin'ya	Honjo clan: 1,000: 1705 - 1709 (reelected to Takatomi Domai )
Tokuno Domain	Tokuno jin'ya	Hiraoka clan: 10,000; 1604 - 1653 (attainder)
Nomura Domain		Oda clan: 10,000; 1600 - 1631 (attainder)
Mino-Hasegawa Domain		Hasegawa clan: 10,000 1617 - 1635 (divided into hatamoto holdings)
Mino-Wakisaka Domain		Wakisaka clan: 10,000; 1615 - 1632 (attainder)

Geography

Mino and Owari provinces were separated by the Sakai River, which means "border river."

References

• Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
• Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon (Nihon Odai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.

Other websites

Media related to Mino Province at Wikimedia Commons

• Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903