Isotopes of polonium

Isotopes of polonium (₈₄Po)
βべーた+	208Bi
βべーた+	209Bi
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There are 42 isotopes of polonium (₈₄Po). They range in size from 186 to 227 nucleons. They are all radioactive. ²¹⁰Po with a half-life of 138.376 days has the longest half-life of any naturally-occurring isotope of polonium and is the most common isotope of polonium. It is also the most easily synthesized polonium isotope. ²⁰⁹Po, which does not occur naturally, has the longest half-life of all isotopes of polonium at 124 years. ²⁰⁹Po can be made by using a cyclotron to bombard bismuth with protons, as can ²⁰⁸Po.^[2]

List of isotopes[edit]

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Historic name	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life	Decay mode	Daughter isotope ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Historic name	Excitation energy^{[n 7]}			Half-life	Decay mode	Daughter isotope ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Isotopic abundance
¹⁸⁶Po		84	102	186.004403(20)	28+16 −6 μみゅーs	αあるふぁ	¹⁸²Pb	0+
¹⁸⁷Po		84	103	187.003030(40)	1.40(25) ms	αあるふぁ	¹⁸³Pb	1/2−, 5/2−
^187mPo		4(27) keV			0.5 ms	αあるふぁ	¹⁸³Pb	13/2+#
¹⁸⁸Po		84	104	187.999416(21)	270(30) μみゅーs	αあるふぁ	¹⁸⁴Pb	0+
¹⁸⁹Po		84	105	188.998473(24)	3.5(5) ms	αあるふぁ	¹⁸⁵Pb	(5/2−)
¹⁹⁰Po		84	106	189.995102(14)	2.45(5) ms	αあるふぁ	¹⁸⁶Pb	0+
¹⁹¹Po		84	107	190.994558(8)	22(1) ms	αあるふぁ	¹⁸⁷Pb	3/2−
^191mPo		61(11) keV			93(3) ms	αあるふぁ	^187mPb	13/2+
¹⁹²Po		84	108	191.991340(11)	32.2(3) ms	αあるふぁ	¹⁸⁸Pb	0+
^192mPo		2294.6(10) keV			580(100) ns	IT	¹⁹²Po	11-
¹⁹³Po		84	109	192.991062(16)	399(34) ms	αあるふぁ	¹⁸⁹Pb	3/2−
^193mPo		100(6) keV			245(11) ms	αあるふぁ	^189mPb	13/2+
¹⁹⁴Po		84	110	193.988186(14)	392(4) ms	αあるふぁ	¹⁹⁰Pb	0+
^194mPo		2313.4(3) keV			12.9(5) μみゅーs	IT	¹⁹⁴Po	(10−)
¹⁹⁵Po		84	111	194.988066(6)	4.64(9) s	αあるふぁ (94%)	¹⁹¹Pb	3/2−
¹⁹⁵Po		84	111	194.988066(6)	4.64(9) s	βべーた⁺?	¹⁹⁵Bi	3/2−
^195mPo		148(9) keV			1.92(2) s	αあるふぁ	^191mPb	13/2+
¹⁹⁶Po		84	112	195.985541(6)	5.56(12) s	αあるふぁ (94%)	¹⁹²Pb	0+
¹⁹⁶Po		84	112	195.985541(6)	5.56(12) s	βべーた⁺?	¹⁹⁶Bi	0+
^196mPo		2493.9(4) keV			856(17) ns	IT	¹⁹⁶Po	11−
¹⁹⁷Po		84	113	196.985622(11)	53.6(9) s	βべーた⁺?	¹⁹⁷Bi	(3/2−)
¹⁹⁷Po		84	113	196.985622(11)	53.6(9) s	αあるふぁ (44%)	¹⁹³Pb	(3/2−)
^197mPo		196(12)# keV			25.8(1) s	αあるふぁ (84%)	^193mPb	13/2+
						βべーた⁺?	¹⁹⁷Bi
						IT?	¹⁹⁷Po
¹⁹⁸Po		84	114	197.983389(19)	1.760(24) min	αあるふぁ (57%)	¹⁹⁴Pb	0+
¹⁹⁸Po		84	114	197.983389(19)	1.760(24) min	βべーた⁺ (43%)	¹⁹⁸Bi	0+
^198m1Po		2565.92(20) keV			200(20) ns	IT	¹⁹⁸Po	11−
^198m2Po		2740(50)# keV			750(50) ns	IT	¹⁹⁸Po	12+
¹⁹⁹Po		84	115	198.983666(25)	5.48(16) min	βべーた⁺ (92.5%)	¹⁹⁹Bi	(3/2−)
¹⁹⁹Po		84	115	198.983666(25)	5.48(16) min	αあるふぁ (7.5%)	¹⁹⁵Pb	(3/2−)
^199mPo		312.0(28) keV			4.17(4) min	βべーた⁺ (73.5%)	¹⁹⁹Bi	13/2+
						αあるふぁ (24%)	¹⁹⁵Pb
						IT (2.5%)	¹⁹⁹Po
²⁰⁰Po		84	116	199.981799(15)	11.5(1) min	βべーた⁺ (88.8%)	²⁰⁰Bi	0+
²⁰⁰Po		84	116	199.981799(15)	11.5(1) min	αあるふぁ (11.1%)	¹⁹⁶Pb	0+
²⁰¹Po		84	117	200.982260(6)	15.3(2) min	βべーた⁺ (98.4%)	²⁰¹Bi	3/2−
²⁰¹Po		84	117	200.982260(6)	15.3(2) min	αあるふぁ (1.6%)	¹⁹⁷Pb	3/2−
^201mPo		424.1(24) keV			8.9(2) min	IT (56.2(12)%)	²⁰¹Po	13/2+
						βべーた⁺ (41.4(7)%)	²⁰¹Bi
						αあるふぁ (2.4(5)%)	¹⁹⁷Pb
²⁰²Po		84	118	201.980758(16)	44.7(5) min	βべーた⁺ (98%)	²⁰²Bi	0+
²⁰²Po		84	118	201.980758(16)	44.7(5) min	αあるふぁ (2%)	¹⁹⁸Pb	0+
^202mPo		2626.7(7) keV			>200 ns			11−
²⁰³Po		84	119	202.981420(28)	36.7(5) min	βべーた⁺ (99.89%)	²⁰³Bi	5/2−
²⁰³Po		84	119	202.981420(28)	36.7(5) min	αあるふぁ (.11%)	¹⁹⁹Pb	5/2−
^203m1Po		641.49(17) keV			45(2) s	IT (99.96%)	²⁰³Po	13/2+
^203m1Po		641.49(17) keV			45(2) s	αあるふぁ (.04%)	¹⁹⁹Pb	13/2+
^203m2Po		2158.5(6) keV			>200 ns
²⁰⁴Po		84	120	203.980318(12)	3.53(2) h	βべーた⁺ (99.33%)	²⁰⁴Bi	0+
²⁰⁴Po		84	120	203.980318(12)	3.53(2) h	αあるふぁ (.66%)	²⁰⁰Pb	0+
²⁰⁵Po		84	121	204.981203(21)	1.66(2) h	βべーた⁺ (99.96%)	²⁰⁵Bi	5/2−
²⁰⁵Po		84	121	204.981203(21)	1.66(2) h	αあるふぁ (.04%)	²⁰¹Pb	5/2−
^205m1Po		143.166(17) keV			310(60) ns			1/2−
^205m2Po		880.30(4) keV			645 μみゅーs			13/2+
^205m3Po		1461.21(21) keV			57.4(9) ms	IT	²⁰⁵Po	19/2−
^205m4Po		3087.2(4) keV			115(10) ns			29/2−
²⁰⁶Po		84	122	205.980481(9)	8.8(1) d	βべーた⁺ (94.55%)	²⁰⁶Bi	0+
²⁰⁶Po		84	122	205.980481(9)	8.8(1) d	αあるふぁ (5.45%)	²⁰²Pb	0+
^206m1Po		1585.85(11) keV			222(10) ns			(8+)#
^206m2Po		2262.22(14) keV			1.05(6) μみゅーs			(9−)#
²⁰⁷Po		84	123	206.981593(7)	5.80(2) h	βべーた⁺ (99.97%)	²⁰⁷Bi	5/2−
²⁰⁷Po		84	123	206.981593(7)	5.80(2) h	αあるふぁ (.021%)	²⁰³Pb	5/2−
^207m1Po		68.573(14) keV			205(10) ns			1/2−
^207m2Po		1115.073(16) keV			49(4) μみゅーs			13/2+
^207m3Po		1383.15(6) keV			2.79(8) s	IT	²⁰⁷Po	19/2−
²⁰⁸Po		84	124	207.9812457(19)	2.898(2) y	αあるふぁ (99.99%)	²⁰⁴Pb	0+
²⁰⁸Po		84	124	207.9812457(19)	2.898(2) y	βべーた⁺ (.00277%)	²⁰⁸Bi	0+
²⁰⁹Po		84	125	208.9824304(20)	124(3) y	αあるふぁ (99.546%)	²⁰⁵Pb	1/2−
²⁰⁹Po		84	125	208.9824304(20)	124(3) y	βべーた⁺ (.454%)	²⁰⁹Bi	1/2−
²¹⁰Po^{[n 8]}	Radium F	84	126	209.9828737(13)	138.376(2) d	αあるふぁ	²⁰⁶Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 9]}
^210mPo		5057.61(4) keV			263(5) ns			16+
²¹¹Po	Actinium C'	84	127	210.9866532(14)	516(3) ms	αあるふぁ	²⁰⁷Pb	9/2+	Trace^{[n 10]}
^211m1Po		1462(5) keV			25.2(6) s	αあるふぁ (99.98%)	²⁰⁷Pb	(25/2+)
^211m1Po		1462(5) keV			25.2(6) s	IT (.016%)	²¹¹Po	(25/2+)
^211m2Po		2135.7(9) keV			243(21) ns			(31/2−)
^211m3Po		4873.3(17) keV			2.8(7) μみゅーs			(43/2+)
²¹²Po	Thorium C'	84	128	211.9888680(13)	294.4(8) ns^[1]	αあるふぁ	²⁰⁸Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 11]}
^212mPo		2911(12) keV			45.1(6) s	αあるふぁ (99.93%)	²⁰⁸Pb	(18+)
^212mPo		2911(12) keV			45.1(6) s	IT (.07%)^[3]^[4]	²¹²Po	(18+)
²¹³Po		84	129	212.992857(3)	3.65(4) μみゅーs	αあるふぁ	²⁰⁹Pb	9/2+	Trace^{[n 12]}
²¹⁴Po	Radium C'	84	130	213.9952014(16)	164.3(20) μみゅーs	αあるふぁ	²¹⁰Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 9]}
²¹⁵Po	Actinium A	84	131	214.9994200(27)	1.781(4) ms	αあるふぁ (99.99%)	²¹¹Pb	9/2+	Trace^{[n 10]}
²¹⁵Po	Actinium A	84	131	214.9994200(27)	1.781(4) ms	βべーた⁻ (2.3×10⁻⁴%)	²¹⁵At	9/2+	Trace^{[n 10]}
²¹⁶Po	Thorium A	84	132	216.0019150(24)	145(2) ms	αあるふぁ^{[n 13]}	²¹²Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 11]}
²¹⁷Po		84	133	217.006335(7)	1.47(5) s	αあるふぁ (95%)	²¹³Pb	5/2+#	Trace^{[n 12]}
²¹⁷Po		84	133	217.006335(7)	1.47(5) s	βべーた⁻ (5%)	²¹⁷At	5/2+#	Trace^{[n 12]}
²¹⁸Po	Radium A	84	134	218.0089730(26)	3.10(1) min	αあるふぁ (99.98%)	²¹⁴Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 9]}
²¹⁸Po	Radium A	84	134	218.0089730(26)	3.10(1) min	βべーた⁻ (.02%)	²¹⁸At	0+	Trace^{[n 9]}
²¹⁹Po		84	135	219.01361(16)	10.3(1) min	αあるふぁ (28.2%)	²¹⁵Pb	9/2+#
²¹⁹Po		84	135	219.01361(16)	10.3(1) min	βべーた⁻ (71.8%)	²¹⁹At	9/2+#
²²⁰Po		84	136	220.0164(18)	40# s [>300 ns]	βべーた⁻	²²⁰At	0+
²²¹Po		84	137	221.02123(20)	2.2(0.7) min	βべーた⁻	²²¹At	9/2+#
²²²Po		84	138	222.024144(40)	9.1(7.2) min	βべーた⁻	²²²At	0+
²²³Po		84	139	223.02907(21)#	6# s [>300 ns]	βべーた⁻?	²²³At	11/2+#
²²⁴Po		84	140	224.03211(21)#	3# min [>300 ns]	βべーた⁻?	²²⁴At	0+
²²⁵Po		84	141	225.03712(32)#	10# s [>300 ns]	βべーた⁻?	²²⁵At	3/2+#
²²⁶Po		84	142	226.04031(43)#	1# min [>300 ns]	βべーた⁻?	²²⁶At	0+
²²⁷Po		84	143	227.04539(43)#	2# s [>300 ns]	βべーた⁻?	²²⁷At	5/2+#
This table header & footer: view

^ ^mPo – Excited nuclear isomer.
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σしぐま) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^ ^a ^b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Most common isotope
^ ^a ^b ^c Intermediate decay product of ²³⁸U
^ ^a ^b Intermediate decay product of ²³⁵U
^ ^a ^b Intermediate decay product of ²³²Th
^ ^a ^b Intermediate decay product of ²³⁷Np
^ Theoretically capable of βべーた⁻βべーた⁻ decay to ²¹⁶Rn^[1]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D.; Pröhl, G.; Twining, J. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. Vol. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5. ISSN 0074-1914.
^ Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
^ https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/getdataset.jsp?nucleus=212Po&unc=NDS, NNDC Chart of Nuclides, Adopted Levels, Gammas for ²¹²Po.

General references

Isotope data is sourced in:

Isotopic mass, spin and parity

Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001

Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Half-life

Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.

National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

[3] Po – Excited nuclear isomer.

[4] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σしぐま) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-5] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[6] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[7] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[8] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[TNN-9] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[10] Most common isotope

[rs-11] Intermediate decay product of ²³⁸U

[as-12] Intermediate decay product of ²³⁵U

[ths-13] Intermediate decay product of ²³²Th

[ns-16] Intermediate decay product of ²³⁷Np

[17] Theoretically capable of βべーた⁻βべーた⁻ decay to ²¹⁶Rn^[1]

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[po484-2] Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D.; Pröhl, G.; Twining, J. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. Vol. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5. ISSN 0074-1914.

[14] Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001

[15] ttps://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/getdataset.jsp?nucleus=212Po&unc=NDS, NNDC Chart of Nuclides, Adopted Levels, Gammas for ²¹²Po.

[1]

[2]

[n 1]

[n 2]

[n 3]

[n 4]

[n 5]

[n 6]

[n 7]

[n 8]

[n 9]

[n 10]

[n 11]

[3]

[4]

[n 12]

[n 13]

List of isotopes[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]