Severe weather terminology (Japan)

This article describes the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) severe weather terminology. The JMA defines precise meanings for nearly all its weather terms as the Information for Severe Weather Preparation (防災ぼうさい気象きしょう情報じょうほう, Bousai Kishō Jōhō). This article describes JMA terminology and related JMA weather scales. Some terms may be specific to certain regions.

Warning Categories[edit]

Severe weather bulletins are issued as an advisory or a warning, depending on the risk or severity of the event. Less severe events that could be a cause for concern will be issued as a bulletin or an advisory.

Advisories (注意報ちゅういほう, Chūihō)
Warnings (警報けいほう, Keihō)
Emergency Warnings (特別とくべつ警報けいほう, Tokubetsu Keihō)^[1]
Bulletins (気象きしょう情報じょうほう, Kishō Jōhō): provide information to supplement warnings and advisories.^[2]

Meteorological Warnings[edit]

Weather advisories and warnings are issued when potentially hazardous weather is occurring or is forecast for the short-term period.

General Warnings[edit]

Due to its local-scale nature, an advisory is typically issued in advance for public forecast areas where conditions may be favorable for the development of severe weather. A warning is issued for areas where severe weather is imminent or occurring.

Advisories[edit]

Advisory for Gale and snow (風雪ふうせつ注意報ちゅういほう, Fūsetsu Chūihō)
Advisory for Gale (強風きょうふう注意報ちゅういほう, Kyōfū Chūihō)
Advisory for Heavy rain (大雨おおあめ注意報ちゅういほう, Ōame Chūihō)
Advisory for Heavy snow (大雪おおゆき注意報ちゅういほう, Ōyuki Chūihō)
Advisory for Dense fog (濃霧のうむ注意報ちゅういほう, Nōmu Chūihō)
Advisory for Thunderstorm (雷かみなり注意報ちゅういほう, Kaminari Chūihō)
Advisory for Dry air (乾燥かんそう注意報ちゅういほう, Kansō Chūihō)
Advisory for Avalanche (なだれ注意報ちゅういほう, Nadare Chūihō)
Advisory for Ice/snow accretion (着ちゃく氷ごおり・着き雪ゆき注意報ちゅういほう, Chakuhyō Chakusetsu Chūihō)
Advisory for Frost (霜しも注意報ちゅういほう, Shimo Chūihō)
Advisory for Low temperature (低温ていおん注意報ちゅういほう, Teion Chūihō)
Advisory for Snow melting (融雪ゆうせつ注意報ちゅういほう, Yūsetsu Chūihō)
Advisory for Storm surge (高潮こうちょう注意報ちゅういほう, Takashio Chūihō)
Advisory for High waves (波浪はろう注意報ちゅういほう, Harō Chūihō)
Advisory for Flood (洪水こうずい注意報ちゅういほう, Kōzui Chūihō)

Warnings[edit]

Warning for Storm (暴風ぼうふう警報けいほう, Bōfū Keihō)
Warning for Snow-storm (暴風ぼうふう雪ゆき警報けいほう, Bōfūsetsu Keihō)
Warning for Heavy rain (大雨おおあめ警報けいほう, Ōame Keihō)
Warning for Heavy snow (大雪おおゆき警報けいほう, Ōyuki Keihō)
Warning for Storm surge (高潮こうちょう警報けいほう, Takashio Keihō)
Warning for High waves (波浪はろう警報けいほう, Harō Keihō)
Warning for Flood (洪水こうずい警報けいほう, Kōzui Keihō)

Marine Warnings　[edit]

Warning for Near Gale (海上かいじょう風ふう警報けいほう, Kaijō Keihō)
Warning for Gale (海上かいじょう強風きょうふう警報けいほう, Kaijō Kyōfū Keihō)
Warning for Storm (海上かいじょう暴風ぼうふう警報けいほう, Kaijō Bōfū Keihō)
Warning for Typhoon (海上かいじょう台風たいふう警報けいほう, Kaijō Taifū Keihō)
Warning for Dense Fog (海上かいじょう濃霧のうむ警報けいほう, Kaijō Nōmu Keihō)
Warning for Icing (海上かいじょう着ぎ氷ごおり警報けいほう, Kaijō Chakuhyō Keihō)
Warning for Sea Swell (海上かいじょううねり警報けいほう, Kaijō Uneri Keihō)

Typhoons or Tropical Depressions　[edit]

Typhoon Information (台風たいふう情報じょうほう, Taifū Jōhō)

Flood Forecasting[edit]

Flood Forecasting (洪水こうずい予報よほう, Kōzui Yohō)

Seismological Warnings[edit]

Earthquake Information[edit]

Earthquake Information (地震じしん情報じょうほう, Jishin Jōhō)
- Seismic Intensity Information (震度しんど速報そくほう, Shindo Sokuhō)
- Earthquake Information (震源しんげんに関かんする情報じょうほう, Shingen ni Kansuru Jōhō)
- Earthquake and Seismic Intensity Information (震源しんげん・震度しんどに関かんする情報じょうほう, Shingen/Shindo ni Kansuru Jōhō)
- Information on seismic intensity at each site (各地かくちの震度しんどに関かんする情報じょうほう, Kakuchi no Shindo ni Kansuru Jōhō)
- Distant Earthquake Information (遠地おんち地震じしんに関かんする情報じょうほう, Enchi Jishin ni Kansuru Jōhō)

Earthquake Early Warning[edit]

Earthquake Early Warning (緊急きんきゅう地震じしん速報そくほう, Kinkyū Jishin Sokuhō)

Tsunami Warnings[edit]

Tsunami Information (津波つなみ情報じょうほう, Tsunami Jōhō)
- Tsunami Forecast (津波つなみ予報よほう, Tsunami Yohō)
- Tsunami Advisory (津波つなみ注意報ちゅういほう, Tsunami Chūihō)
- Tsunami Warning (津波つなみ警報けいほう, Tsunami Keihō)

Volcano Information[edit]

Volcano Information (火山かざん情報じょうほう, Kazan Jōhō)
- Volcanic Forecast (噴火ふんか予報よほう, Funka Yohō)
- Volcanic Warning (噴火ふんか警報けいほう, Funka Keihō)

External links[edit]

Notes and references[edit]

^ "Emergency Warning System to be Launched 30 August 2013". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
^ "JMA Brochure 2010" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. 2010. Retrieved 31 March 2012.

[1] "Emergency Warning System to be Launched 30 August 2013". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2013.

[JMA-B-2] "JMA Brochure 2010" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. 2010. Retrieved 31 March 2012.

[1]

[2]