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Traditional Korean musical instruments

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Buk, Korean traditional drum

Traditional Korean musical instruments comprise a wide range of string, wind, and percussion instruments. Many traditional Korean musical instruments (especially those used in Confucian ceremonies) derive from Chinese musical instruments.

String

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Korean string instruments include those that are plucked, bowed, and struck. Most Korean string instruments use silk strings, except as noted.

Plucked

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Zithers

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Geomungo
Gayageum
  • Gayageum (가야금; 伽とぎ倻琴きん) – A long zither with 12 strings; modern versions may have 13, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, or 25 strings
  • Geomungo (거문고) – A fretted bass zither with six to eleven silk strings that is plucked with a bamboo stick and played with a weight made out of cloth
  • Daejaeng (대쟁; 大だい筝) – A long zither with 15 strings, slightly larger than the gayageum; (basically a 15 String version of the Ajaeng but played w/ a Plectrum) it was used during the Goryeo period but is no longer usedphoto However it is being revived for song covers.
  • Seul (슬; 瑟) – A long zither with 25 strings, derived from the Chinese se; used today only in Munmyo jeryeak (Korean Confucian ritual music)photo
  • Geum (금; 琴きん) – A 7-stringed zither, derived from the Chinese guqin; also called chilheyongeum; used today only in Munmyo jeryeak (Korean Confucian ritual music)photo
  • Ongnyugeum (옥류금; 玉たま流ながれ琴きん) – A large modernized box zither with 33 nylon-wrapped metal strings, developed in 1973; used only in North Korea (pronounced ongryugeum in North Korea)photo 1photo 2photo 3

Harps

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  • Gonghu (공후; 箜篌) – Harps (no longer used). There were four subtypes according to shape:
    • Sogonghu (소공후; 小しょう箜篌; literally "small harp") – harp with angled sound box, 13 strings, and a peg that is tucked into the player's beltphoto
    • Sugonghu (수공후; 豎箜篌; literally "vertical harp") – vertical harp without sound box and 21 strings photo
    • Wagonghu (와공후; 臥が箜篌; literally "lying down harp") – Arched harp with a large internal sound box and 13 strings, similar to Burmese saung gauk photo
    • Daegonghu (대공후; 大だい箜篌) – large vertical harp with 23-strings

Lutes

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Bipa
  • Bipa (비파; 琵琶びわ) – A pear-shaped lute with five strings (hyangbipa or jikgyeongbipa) or five strings (dangbipa). Uncommon today; most modern recreations are modelled on the Chinese pipa
  • Wolgeum (월금; 月つき琴きん) – A lute with a moon-shaped wooden body, four strings, and 13 frets; no longer used
  • Eoeungeum (어은금) – A pear-shaped lute with five strings similar to hyangbipa; used only in North Korea

Bowed

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Fiddles

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Zithers

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Ajaeng

Struck

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Wind

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Flutes

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Transverse

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  • Daegeum (대금; 大だい笒) – A large transverse bamboo flute with six finger-holes and an additional hole covered by a buzzing membrane
  • Junggeum (중금; hanja 中なか笒) – A medium-sized transverse bamboo flute with six finger-holes, without a buzzing membrane; rarely used today
  • Sogeum (소금; 小しょう琴きん or 小しょう笒) – A small transverse bamboo flute with six finger-holes, without a buzzing membrane
  • Dangjeok (당적; 唐とう笛ふえ) – A small transverse bamboo flute of Tang Chinese origin, slightly smaller than the junggeum
  • Ji (지; 篪) – An ancient transverse bamboo flute with a protruding notched blowhole and five finger holes (one in the back and four in the front), derived from the Chinese chí. Used only in aak and Munmyo jeryeak (Korean Confucian ritual music)

End-blown

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  • Danso (단소; 短たん簫しょう) – A small notched vertical bamboo flute with four finger-holes
  • Tungso (퉁소; 洞ほら簫しょう) – A long notched vertical bamboo flute with five finger-holes; originally called tongso
  • Yak (약; 籥) – A notched vertical bamboo flute with three finger-holes; used in Munmyo jeryeak (Korean Confucian ritual music)
  • Jeok (적; 篴)
  • So (소; 簫しょう) – A pan flute; derived from the Chinese paixiao; used only in Munmyo jeryeak (Korean Confucian ritual music

Oboes

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  • Piri (피리) – A cylindrical oboe with a bamboo body. There are four varieties of piri:
    • Hyang piri (향피리; 鄕—)
    • Se piri (세피리; 細ほそ—)
    • Dang piri (당피리; 唐とう—)
    • Dae piri (대피리) – A modernised instrument with clarinet-like keys, used only in North Korea[citation needed]
  • Taepyeongso (태평소; 太平おうひら簫しょう; also called hojeok, saenap or nallari) – A conical oboe with a wooden body and metal bell

Free-reed

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A player of the nabal

Trumpets

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Percussion

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Drums

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  • Buk (북) – A barrel drum used primarily in pansori, pungmul, and samulnori. The term buk is also used in Korean as a generic term to refer to any type of drum.
    • Pungmul-buk(풍물북) – used in pungmul (풍물)
    • Sori-buk (소리북) – used to accompany pansori (판소리)
the buk
the Janggu

Gongs

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  • Kkwaenggwari (꽹과리) – A small gong used primarily in folk music
  • Jing (징) – A large gong; originally pronounced jeong (정; 鉦かね)

Cymbals

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  • Jabara (자바라; also called bara, bal, or jegeum) – pair of large brass cymbals, The name Zabara comes from Calpara.

Wooden instruments

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  • Bak (박; 拍はく) – A wooden clapper; used in ancient court and ritual music
  • Chuk (축; 柷) – A wooden box, played by hitting a stick on the inside, used to mark beats or sections; derived from the Chinese zhù; used in ancient ritual music
  • Eo (어; 敔) – A wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a tiger with a serrated back, played by running a bamboo whisk across it to mark the ends of sections; derived from the Chinese yǔ

Clay instruments

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  • Bu (부; 缶かん) – A clay pot, derived from the Chinese fǒu; used in Munmyo jeryeak

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Traditional Korean musical instrument.

References

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Listening

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Video

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