Weimao

Weimao
Weimao
	A lady wearing weimao
Chinese	帷とばり帽ぼう
Literal meaning	Veiled hat/curtained hat
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Wéimào

Weimao (Chinese: 帷とばり帽ぼう; lit. 'veiled hat or curtained hat') is a type of wide-brimmed hat with a shoulder-length veil hanging.^[1] The weimao was a popular form of head covering during the Tang dynasty.^[1] It was invented during either the Sui or the early Tang dynasty, according to Liu Zhiji and Zhang Yanyuan.^[2]

History

Sui and Tang dynasty

By the end of the Sui dynasty, the mili, which was previously worn, became less conservative and evolved into the weimao as it was no longer required to conceal the entire body and instead only the face had to be concealed.^[1]

In the early and middle Tang dynasty period, it was fashionable for aristocratic women to wear weimao when they went on excursions, a practice which these women borrowed from the northwestern nomadic men.^[3]

By the time of Wu Zetian's ascendancy, the weimao was in fashion while the mili had gradually disappeared.^[2] The fashion of wearing weimao eventually declined and disappeared in the 8th century before being revived in the 10th century in the Song dynasty.^[3]

Song dynasty

In the Song dynasty, some scholar officials, such as Sima Guang, advocated that women should cover their faces when going out.^[4] The weimao-style hat was revived in the 10th century when women started to wear mianyi (Chinese: 面めん衣ころも; lit. 'veil or facial covering'), which was also known as gaitou (Chinese: 蓋ぶた頭あたま; lit. 'head cover') by the common people.^[3] It is likely that the practice of wearing veiled hats, which was continued by these Song dynasty women, was due to them being unaware of its foreign and masculine origins.^[3]

Derivatives and influences

Humao

A variation of the weimao is a hat lacking the necessary holes to attach a veil.^[1] Instead of a veil, the rider would wear a black balaclava under the hat.^[1]

Song dynasty gaitou hat

The Song dynasty gaitou (蓋ぶた頭あたま), also known as mianyi (面めん衣ころも; veils or "facial clothes"), follows the style of the Tang dynasty weimao; the gaitou was worn by women when riding donkeys and horses or when they would walk on the streets.^[3] The gaitou was a veil hat where a whole piece of purple gauze would hang from the hat from the front to the back sides with 4 ribbons of different colours hanging down the shoulders.^[3]

Similar items

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e China : dawn of a golden age, 200-750 AD. James C. Y. Watt, Prudence Oliver Harper, Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2004. p. 291. ISBN 1-58839-126-4. OCLC 55846475.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^ ^a ^b Yang, Shao-yun (2017). "Changing Clothes in Chang'an". China Review International. 24 (4). University of Hawai'i Press: 255–266. doi:10.1353/cri.2017.0064. JSTOR 26892132. S2CID 217042987 – via JSTOR.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Xu, Man (2016). Crossing the Gate : Everyday Lives of Women in Song Fujian (960-1279). Albany. pp. 71–72. ISBN 978-1-4384-6322-3. OCLC 950004342.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Zhu, Ruixi; 朱しゅ瑞みずほ熙 (2016). A social history of middle-period China : the Song, Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties. Bangwei Zhang, Fusheng Liu, Chongbang Cai, Zengyu Wang, Peter Ditmanson, Bang Qian Zhu (Updated ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-1-107-16786-5. OCLC 953576345.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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[:0-1] China : dawn of a golden age, 200-750 AD. James C. Y. Watt, Prudence Oliver Harper, Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2004. p. 291. ISBN 1-58839-126-4. OCLC 55846475.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

[:7-2] Yang, Shao-yun (2017). "Changing Clothes in Chang'an". China Review International. 24 (4). University of Hawai'i Press: 255–266. doi:10.1353/cri.2017.0064. JSTOR 26892132. S2CID 217042987 – via JSTOR.

[:1-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Xu, Man (2016). Crossing the Gate : Everyday Lives of Women in Song Fujian (960-1279). Albany. pp. 71–72. ISBN 978-1-4384-6322-3. OCLC 950004342.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[4] Zhu, Ruixi; 朱しゅ瑞みずほ熙 (2016). A social history of middle-period China : the Song, Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties. Bangwei Zhang, Fusheng Liu, Chongbang Cai, Zengyu Wang, Peter Ditmanson, Bang Qian Zhu (Updated ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-1-107-16786-5. OCLC 953576345.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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