Xiao (surname)
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2009) |
Pronunciation | Xiāo (Pinyin) Siau, Sio (Pe̍h-ōe-jī) |
---|---|
Language(s) | Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean |
Origin | |
Language(s) | Old Chinese |
Word/name | Xiao County, Anhui |
Derivation | State of Xiao (萧国) |
Other names | |
Variant form(s) | Xiao, Hsiao (Mandarin) Siu, Shiu, Siew (Cantonese, Hakka) Siow, Sio, Siaw, Seow (Hokkien, Foochow, Hainan, Teochew) Tiêu (Vietnamese) |
Xiao (/ʃaʊ/;[1] Chinese:
After the demise of the Qing dynasty, some of the descendants of Manchu clan Šumuru sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames Shu (舒), Xu (
A 1977 study found that it was the 20th most common Chinese surname in the world. It is said to be the 30th most common in China.[5] In 2019 it was the 33rd most common surname in Mainland China.[6]
History
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2016) |
Han Chinese surname
[edit]The Xiao surname originated from Xiao County in Anhui province, China. In the state of Song during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China, the nobleman Daxin (
Another mass movement of Xiao people came during the Disaster of Yongjia at the end of the Western Jin dynasty, when Xiao Zheng (萧整) moved to Danyang, Jiangsu. It was also called South Lanling (
During the Tang dynasty, there were nine Xiao family members appointed as chancellors (or prime ministers), the continuous eight chancellors (
- his great grand nephew Xiao Song(萧嵩)
- Xiao Song's eldest son Xiao Hua (萧华)
- Xiao Hua's nephew Xiao Fu (萧復)
- Xiao Hua's grandson Xiao Fu (萧俯, written with a different character for Fu)
- Xiao Fu's grandson Xiao Zhen (萧真)
- Xiao Hua's grandson Xiao Fang (萧仿)
- Xiao Fang's son Xiao Gou (萧遘).
There were altogether nine chancellors from the Xiao family during the Tang dynasty.
The Jiang family (
During the Southern Song dynasty, Xiao Guoliang (萧国
Khitan, Uighur and Manchu surname
[edit]During the Liao dynasty, the emperor Abaoji conferred the surname "Xiao" on two Khitan clans, the Bali and the Yishi, reportedly out of admiration for Xiao He. Abaoji's son Yaogu further conferred the surname "Xiao" on the Uighur Shulü clan. Throughout the Liao dynasty, many empresses were surnamed "Xiao" (see list).
After the demise of the Manchu Qing dynasty, many Manchus adopted Han Chinese-style surnames. Some members of the Manchu Šumuru clan, which claims descent from the Uighur Shulü clan, adopted "Xiao" as their surname.
Later history
[edit]During the Yuan dynasty, members of the Xiao family moved from Jiangxi to Meizhou and Dabu in Guangdong province. They are mainly the Hakka Xiao family.
In the early Ming dynasty, the population in North and Central China was declining due to wars. In order to increase the population and start the economic recovery of these war-torn areas, the Ming government organized many large-scale forced mass migration to the area. People were moved from Shanxi province, which had been less affected by the wars, to the war-torn, less populated area of North and Central China. The people were ordered to move to a location near "the tree" (
During the Ming dynasty, many members of the Xiao family also moved to Yunnan province. They became the first members of the Yunnan Xiao family (
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were also mass migrations of Xiao kinspeople from Jiangxi to Sichuan, especially at the beginning of these dynasties, when two major revolutions took place. Historians have called this process of mass migration "Jiangxi filled Huguang, Huguang filled Sichuan" (
During the Chinese Civil War between the Communists and the Nationalists, Xiao people, especially those from Fujian, moved to Taiwan with the Nationalists. In Taiwan, they lived primarily in the cities and counties of Changhua, Chiayi, Taipei, Kaohsiung and Taoyuan. Today, Xiao is the 30th-most common surname in Taiwan.
The World Congress of Xiao people[clarify] was held in Chaoyang, Guangdong province, China in 2010.[citation needed]
Overseas
[edit]At the end of the Qing dynasty, Chinese started to move to other countries to work there. The Xiao also moved to other countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. Others migrated from Fujian to Taiwan.
In Malaysia and Singapore, direct transliterations from the various Chinese dialects were used to write Chinese surnames. The Hokkien or Teochew Chinese romanized "Xiao" as "Seow". Teochew "Seow" are mainly Xiao from Chaoyang in Guangdong province. The Hakka Xiao, especially Huizhou Hakka of Titi (
In the United States, the surname is also, albeit less commonly, romanized as "Shaw".
Simplified Chinese forms
[edit]The traditional surname
People have long been writing the surname
Most other surnames do not share these problems. For example, Liao (廖) was simplified to a character with 广 and
Notable people surnamed Xiao
[edit]Historical figures
[edit]- Emperor Wu of Liang (464–549), founder of the Liang Dynasty
- Empress Xiao (disambiguation), various Liao dynasty empresses
- Xiao He (257 BC–193 BC), Chinese caligrapher and politician
- Xiao Yu (575–648), official under the Sui and Tang dynasties
Modern times
[edit]- Hsiao Bi-khim (born 1971), Taiwanese politician and diplomat
- Hsiao Chia-chi (born 1961), Taiwanese politician
- Elva Hsiao (born 1979), Taiwanese singer
- Jam Hsiao (born 1987), Taiwanese singer
- Hsiao Sa (born 1953), Taiwanese educator and writer
- William Hsiao (born 1936), American economist
- Seow Poh Leng (1883–1942), Singaporean banker and philanthropist
- Josephine Siao (born 1946), Hong Kong actress, writer and psychologist
- Felix Siauw (born 1984), Chinese-Indonesian Islamic cleric, author and da'i
- Siauw Giok Tjhan (1914–1981), Chinese Indonesian activist and politician
- Gaétan Siew (born 1954), Mauritian architect
- Vincent Siew (born 1939), Taiwanese politician
- Siow Lee Chin (born 1966), Singaporean violinist
- Anna Sui (born 1964), American fashion designer
- Arlen Siu (1955–1975), Nicaraguan singer-songwriter, essayist and Sandinista revolutionary
- Edwin Siu (born 1977), Hong Kong actor and singer
- Yum-Tong Siu (born 1943), Chinese mathematician
- Andrew Seow (born c. 1969), Singaporean actor and model
- Choon-Leong Seow, Singaporean biblical scholar and historian
- Francis Seow (1928–2016)), Singaporean lawyer
- Seow Sin Nee (born 1995), Malaysian host, actress and radio DJ
- David Xiao (born 1960), Canadian businessman and politician
- Di Xiao, Chinese pianist
- Xiao Fuxing (born 1947), Chinese novelist
- Xiao Guodong (born 1989), Chinese professional snooker player
- Xiao Hong (1911–1942), Chinese writer
- Xiao Jie (born 1957), Chinese politician
- Xiao Ke (1907–2008), Chinese general
- Xiao Qiang (born 1961), Chinese scientist and academic
- Xiao Yang (judge) (1938–2019), Chinese judge and politician
- Xiao Zhan (born 1991), Chinese actor and singer
References
[edit]- ^ "Xiao Hinggan Ling". Collins English Dictionary.
- ^ "
那 些年,我 們叫錯的設計 師 ". Daily Cold. July 30, 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2016.之 所以 會 跟我們比較 熟 悉的 Xiao或 是 Hsiao不同 ,是 因 為 ...廣東 裔,所以 Sui是 把 蕭 的 粵語發音 直接 拼音字母 化 而來。 - ^ K. S. Tom. [1989] (1989). Echoes from Old China: Life, Legends and Lore of the Middle Kingdom. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1285-9.
- ^ Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao) (in Chinese).
- ^ a b Origin of Xiao, Siu, Siew, Seow, Hsiao, yutopian.com. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
- ^ "
新 京 报 -好 新 闻,无止境 ". - ^
姓 “萧”还是姓 “肖 ”? Archived July 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (Simplified Chinese)