袴はかま: difference between revisions

	Old Chinese
侉	*qaːls
夸	*kʰʷraː
姱	*kʰʷraː
胯	kʰʷraː, kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨またが	kʰʷraː, kʰʷraːʔ, kʰʷraːs, kʰʷaːs
誇ほこ	*kʰʷraː
垮	*kʰʷraːʔ
銙	*kʰʷraːʔ
骻	*kʰʷraːʔ
咵	*kʰʷraːʔ
釫	ɢʷraː, qʷaː
摦	*ɡʷraːs
鮬	pɢʷaː, kʰʷaː
嶀	*qʰʷl'aː
扝	kʰʷaː, qʷaː
刳く	*kʰʷaː
郀	*kʰʷaː
挎	*kʰʷaː
袴はかま	*kʰʷaːs
絝	*kʰʷaːs
褲	*kʰʷaːs
恗	*qʰaː
洿	ɡʷaːʔ, qʷaː
瓠ひさご	ɡʷlaː, ɡʷlaːs
鄠	*ɢʷlaːʔ
污	qʷaː, qʷaːs
杇	*qʷaː
圬	*qʷaː
鴮	*qʷaː
盓	*qʷaː
汙	qʷaːs, ɢʷa
樗ぶな	*qʰʷl'a
摴	*qʰʷl'a
荂	pqʰʷa, qʰʷa
雩	qʰʷla, ɢʷla
吁	qʰʷa, ɢʷas
盱	*qʰʷa
訏	*qʰʷa
扜	qʰʷa, qʷa
旴	*qʰʷa
冔	*qʰʷaʔ
紆	*qʷa
陓	*qʷa
迂まが	qʷa, qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶	*qʷa
于	*ɢʷa
盂	*ɢʷa
竽	*ɢʷa
邘	*ɢʷa
玗	*ɢʷa
芋いも	ɢʷa, ɢʷas
杅	*ɢʷa
釪	*ɢʷa
骬	*ɢʷa
謣	*ɢʷla
宇	*ɢʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *kʰʷaːs) : semantic 衤 (“cloth”) + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː) – a type of clothing.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 袴はかま – see 褲 (“pants; trousers”). (This character is a variant form of 褲).

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 袴はかま – see 胯 (“hip; groin”). (This character is an ancient variant form of 胯).

Japanese

Kanji

袴はかま

(Jinmeiyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 褲)

traditional Japanese loose trousers

Readings

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: こ (ko)
Kun: はかま (hakama, 袴はかま); ずぼん (zubon, 袴はかま)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

袴はかま

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Hakama

Wikipedia

Kanji in this term
袴はかま
はかま Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from 穿はか (haka, the 未然みぜん形がた (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) or a sound shift from some other conjugation of verb 穿はく (haku, “to pull onto the lower body (such as trousers)”)) +‎ 裳も (ma, “robes”, sound shift from expected reading mo).^[1]

The loincloth sense is attested earlier in the Nihon Shoki, finished in 720 CE.^[2] Other sources^[1] also cite the Nihon Shoki for the trousers sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はかま [hàkámáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ha̠ka̠ma̠]

Noun

袴はかま(はかま) • (hakama)

hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
- 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 74)
  飫瀰能古のこ簸ひ(おみのこは)多倍たばい能のう(たへの)波なみ伽とぎ摩ま(はかま)鳴な(を)那な那な陛鳴絁(ななへをし)爾しか播爾陀陀始はじめ諦たい(にはにたたして)阿おもね遥はるか比ひ那な陀須暮くれ(あよひなだすも) [Man'yōgana]
  臣しん(おみ)の子こ(こ)は栲たえ(たへ)の袴はかま(はかま)を七なな(なな)重おも(へ)をし庭にわ(には)に立だて(た)たして足あし結ゆい(あよひ)撫なで(なだ)すも [Modern spelling]
  omi no ko wa tae no hakama o nanae oshi niwa ni tatashite ayoi nadasu mo
  (please add an English translation of this example)
(botany) a leaf sheath
a holder for a heated bottle of saké
(rare, possibly obsolete) a kind of traditional Japanese loincloth
- 720, Nihon Shoki (page 562)
  逼而脱だっ(＊＊＊)褌ふんどし(＊)　[...] [Man'yōgana]
  逼(せ)めて袴はかま(はかま)を脱だっ(に)かしめて　[...] [Modern spelling]
  semete hakama o nikashimete...
  (please add an English translation of this example)
Synonym: 褌ふんどし (fundoshi)

Derived terms

袴はかま(はかま)着ちゃく(ぎ) (hakamagi)
袴はかま(はかま)地ち(じ) (hakamaji)
袴はかま(はかま)能のう(のう) (hakama-nō)
行灯あんどん(あんどん)袴はかま(ばかま) (andon-bakama)
表ひょう(うえの)袴はかま(はかま), 上うえ(うえの)袴はかま(はかま) (ue no hakama)
袿(うちき)袴はかま(ばかま) (uchiki-bakama)
女おんな(おんな)袴はかま(ばかま) (onna-bakama)
御お(お)袴はかま(はかま)料りょう(りょう) (ohakama-ryō), 御お(おん)袴はかま(はかま)料りょう(りょう) (onhakama-ryō)
片へん(かた)袴はかま(ばかま) (kata-bakama)
括くく(くく)り袴はかま(ばかま) (kukuribakama)
紺こん(こう)屋や(や)の白しろ(しろ)袴はかま(ばかま) (kōya no shirobakama)
猿さる(さる)袴はかま(ばかま) (saru-bakama)
猩々しょうじょう(ショウジョウ)袴はかま(バカマ) (shōjō-bakama)
白しろ(しろ)袴はかま(ばかま) (shirobakama)
摺すり(すり)袴はかま(ばかま) (suribakama)
長なが(なが)袴はかま(ばかま) (nagabakama)
羽はね(は)織お(おり)袴はかま(はかま) (haori-hakama)
肌はだ(はだ)袴はかま(ばかま), 膚はだ(はだ)袴はかま(ばかま) (hadabakama)
張ちょう(はり)袴はかま(ばかま) (haribakama)
半はん(はん)袴はかま(ばかま) (hanbakama)
緋ひ(ひ)袴はかま(ばかま) (hibakama), 緋ひ(ひ)の袴はかま(はかま) (hi no hakama)
藤ふじ(フジ)袴はかま(バカマ) (fujibakama)
山やま(やま)袴はかま(ばかま) (yamabakama)
雪ゆき(ゆき)袴はかま(ばかま) (yuki-bakama)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
袴はかま
こ Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 袴はかま (MC khuH).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ko̞]

Noun

袴はかま(こ) • (ko)

(rare) hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
(rare) momohiki: traditional Japanese closefitting workman's trousers
Synonym: 股引ももひき (momohiki)
(historical, military): prior to World War II, the general term for trousers in the Imperial Japanese Army
Synonym: ズボン (zubon)

Derived terms

袴はかま(こ)下した(した) (koshita)
袿袴(けいこ) (keiko)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくご大だい辞典じてん（新装しんそう版ばん） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 袴はかま (MC khuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 고〮 (kwó) (Yale: kwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

袴はかま

Wikisource

袴はかま (eumhun 바지 고 (baji go))

hanja form^? of 고 (“trousers; pants”)

Compounds

Etymology 2

Related to Middle Chinese 胯 (MC khwaeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 과〯 (kwǎ) (Yale: kwa) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

袴はかま (eumhun 사타구니 과 (sataguni gwa))

hanja form^? of 과 (“crotch; groin”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [1]

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくご大だい辞典じてん（新装しんそう版ばん） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{also|褲}}
+{{character info}}
 ==Translingual==
-{{ja-forms|袴はかま|[[裤]]|[[褲]]}}
+{{Han simplified forms|褲|袴はかま|裤|ex=y}}
-===Etymology===
-{{Han compound|衣ころも|alt1=衤|t1=cloth|夸|ls=psc|c1=s|c2=p}} – a type of clothing.
 ===Han character===
-{{Han char|rn=145|rad=衣ころも|as=06|sn=12|four=|canj=LKMS}}
+{{Han char|rn=145|rad=衣ころも|as=06|sn=11|four=|canj=LKMS|ids=⿰衤夸}}
+====Derived characters====
-# [[pants]]
-# [[trousers]]
+* {{l|mul|[[𬞔]]}}
-# [[panties]]
 ====References====
 * {{Han ref|kx=1115.260|dkj=34236|dj=1581.050|hdz=53088.070|uh=88B4|ud=34996}}
+==Chinese==
-----
+===Glyph origin===
+{{Han etym}}
+{{Han compound|衣ころも|alt1=衤|t1=cloth|夸|ls=psc|c1=s|c2=p}} – a type of clothing.
+===Etymology 1===
+{{zh-see|褲|v|[[pant]]s; [[trouser]]s}}
+===Etymology 2===
+{{zh-see|胯|av|[[hip]]; [[groin]]}}
 ==Japanese==
-[[Image:Mikohakamaback.JPG|right|thumb|100px|Hakama (1)]]
-{{wikipedia|Hakama}}
-{{wikipedia|lang=ja}}
 ===Kanji===
-{{ja-kanji|grade=uc|rs=衣ころも06}}
+{{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=衣ころも06|kyu=褲}}
+# traditional Japanese loose [[trousers]]
-# {{defn|lang=ja|sort=衣ころも06}}
 ====Readings====
+{{ja-readings
-* {{ja-readings|on=[[こ]] (ko)|kun=[[はかま]] (hakama)|nanori=}}
+|goon=く
+|kanon=こ
+|kun=はかま-, ずぼん-
+}}
-===Noun===
+====Compounds====
+{{der-top|Compounds}}
+* {{ja-r|袴はかま褶|こしゅう}}
+* {{ja-r|紈袴|がんこ}}
+* {{ja-r|着き袴はかま|ちゃっこ}}
+* {{ja-r|布ぬの袴はかま|ほうこ}}
+{{der-bottom}}
+===Etymology 1===
+<div style="float:right;">
+{{wp|lang=ja}}
+{{wp|Hakama}}
+[[File:Mikohakamaback.JPG|thumb|250px|''{{ja-l||袴はかま}}'' (''hakama'', traditional Japanese trousers)]]
+</div>
+{{ja-kanjitab|はかま|yomi=k}}
+From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=はかま|-}}. Attested in the ''{{w|Man'yōshū}}'', completed some time after 759 {{CE}}.
+Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from {{compound|ja|sort=はかま||alt1=穿はか|tr1=haka|pos1=the {{m|ja|未然みぜん形がた|tr=mizenkei||incomplete form}} or a sound shift from some other conjugation of verb {{m|ja|穿はく|tr=haku||to pull onto the lower body (such as trousers)}}|裳も|tr2=ma|t2=robes|pos2=sound shift from expected reading ''mo''}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>
+The {{m|en|loincloth}} sense is attested earlier in the ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'', finished in 720 {{CE}}.<ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref>  Other sources<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> also cite the ''Nihon Shoki'' for the {{m|en|trousers}} sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.
+====Pronunciation====
+{{ja-pron|はかま|acc=3|acc_ref=DJR}}
+====Noun====
 {{ja-noun|はかま}}
-# A type of traditional Japanese [[trousers]].
+# ''[[hakama]]'': a type of traditional Japanese [[trousers]]
+#* '''720''', ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'' (poem 74)
-# {{sense|botany}} A [[leaf sheath]].
+#*: {{ja-usex|m=飫瀰能古のこ簸ひ 多倍たばい能のう'''波なみ伽とぎ摩ま'''鳴な 那な那な陛鳴絁 爾なんじ播爾陀陀始はじめ諦たい 阿おもね遥はるか比ひ那な陀須暮くれ|m_kana=おみのこは たへの'''はかま'''を ななへをし にはにたたして あよひなだすも|臣しんの子こは[[栲たえ]]の'''袴はかま'''を七なな%重じゅうをし庭にわに立たたして[[足あし結ゆい]]%[[撫ぶす]]も|おみ の こ は たへ の '''はかま''' を なな%へ をし には に たたして あよひ% なだす も|rom=omi no ko wa tae no '''hakama''' o nanae oshi niwa ni tatashite ayoi nadasu mo}}
-# A holder for a heated bottle of [[saké]].
+# {{lb|ja|sort=はかま|botany}} a [[leaf sheath]]
+# a [[holder]] for a [[heat]]ed [[bottle]] of ''[[sake#Noun|saké]]''
+# {{lb|ja|sort=はかま|rare|possibly|_|obsolete}} a kind of traditional Japanese [[loincloth]]
+#* '''720''', ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'' (page 562)
+#*: {{ja-usex|m=逼而脱だっ'''褌ふんどし'''　[...]|m_kana=＊＊＊'''＊'''　[...]|逼めて'''袴はかま'''を脱ぬげかしめて　[...]|せめて '''はかま''' を にかしめて　[...]|rom=semete '''hakama''' o nikashimete...}}
+#: {{syn|ja|褌ふんどし|tr=fundoshi}}
+=====Derived terms=====
-[[Category:Japanese terms written with one Han script character]]
+{{der-top}}
-[[Category:Japanese terms spelled with 袴はかま]]
+* {{ja-r|袴はかま%着ちゃく|はかま%ぎ}}
+* {{ja-r|袴はかま%地ち|はかま%じ}}
+* {{ja-r|袴はかま%能のう|はかま%-のう}}
+* {{ja-r|行灯あんどん%袴はかま|あんどん%-ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|表ひょう%袴はかま|うえ の% はかま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|上うえ%袴はかま|うえ の% はかま}}
+* {{ja-r|袿%袴はかま|うちき%-ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|女おんな%袴はかま|おんな%-ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|御ご%袴はかま%料りょう|お%はかま%-りょう}}, {{ja-r|御ご%袴はかま%料りょう|おん%はかま%-りょう}}
+* {{ja-r|片へん%袴はかま|かた%-ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|括くくり袴はかま|くくりばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|紺こん%屋やの白しろ%袴はかま|こう%や の しろ%ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|猿さる%袴はかま|さる%-ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|猩々しょうじょう%袴はかま|ショウジョウ%-バカマ}}
+* {{ja-r|白しろ%袴はかま|しろ%ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|摺すり%袴はかま|すり%ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|長ちょう%袴はかま|なが%ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|羽はね%織お%袴はかま|は%おり%-はかま}}
+* {{ja-r|肌はだ%袴はかま|はだ%ばかま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|膚はだ%袴はかま|はだ%ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|張ちょう%袴はかま|はり%ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|半はん%袴はかま|はん%ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|緋ひ%袴はかま|ひ%ばかま}}, {{ja-r|緋ひの袴はかま|ひ の はかま}}
+* {{ja-r|藤ふじ%袴はかま|フジ%バカマ}}
+* {{ja-r|山やま%袴はかま|やま%ばかま}}
+* {{ja-r|雪ゆき%袴はかま|ゆき%-ばかま}}
+{{der-bottom}}
+===Etymology 2===
-----
+{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=o|こ}}
+From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=こ|-}} {{ltc-l|袴はかま}}.
+====Pronunciation====
+{{ja-pron|こ}}
+====Noun====
+{{ja-noun|こ}}
+# {{lb|ja|sort=こ|rare}} ''[[hakama]]'': a type of traditional Japanese [[trousers]]
+# {{lb|ja|sort=こ|rare}} ''[[momohiki]]'': traditional Japanese [[closefitting]] [[workman]]'s [[trousers]]
+#: {{syn|ja|股引ももひき|tr=momohiki}}
+# {{lb|ja|sort=こ|historical|military}}: prior to {{w|World War II}}, the general term for trousers in the {{w|Imperial Japanese Army}}
+#: {{syn|ja|ズボン|tr=zubon}}
+====Derived terms====
+* {{ja-r|袴はかま%下した|こ%した}}
+* {{ja-r|袿袴|けいこ}}
+===References===
+<references/>
+{{topics|ja|Clothing}}
 ==Korean==
-===Hanja===
+===Etymology 1===
+From {{der|ko|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|袴はかま}}. {{hanja-hunmong|고〮|kwo|服飾ふくしょく}}
-{{ko-hanja|hangeul=고|eumhun=|rv=go|mr=ko|y=ko}}
+====Hanja====
+{{ko-hanja-search}}
+{{ko-hanja|바지|고}}
+# {{hanja form of|고|[[trousers]]; [[pants]]}}
-# {{defn|lang=ko|sort=衣ころも06}}
+====Compounds====
-----
+{{der-top3|Compounds}}
+* {{ko-l|환고|紈袴}}
+* {{ko-l|단고|單たん袴はかま}}
+* {{ko-l|고의|袴はかま衣ころも}}
+{{der-bottom}}
-==Mandarin==
+===Etymology 2===
+Related to {{cog|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|胯|id=3}}. {{hanja-hunmong|과〯|kwa|服飾ふくしょく}}
-===Hanzi===
+====Hanja====
+{{ko-hanja|사타구니|과}}
-{{cmn-hanzi|pin=[[jié]] ([[jie2]]), [[kù]] ([[ku4]])|wg=chieh<sup>2</sup>, k'u<sup>4</sup>}}
+# {{hanja form of|과|[[crotch]]; [[groin]]}}
-# {{defn|lang=cmn|sort=衣ころも06}}
+===References===
-[[fr:袴はかま]]
+* {{R:hanjadoc|11369}}
-[[ko:袴はかま]]
-[[lo:袴はかま]]
-[[hu:袴はかま]]
-[[mg:袴はかま]]
-[[ja:袴はかま]]
-[[pl:袴はかま]]
-[[th:袴はかま]]
-[[vi:袴はかま]]
-[[zh:袴はかま]]

袴はかま: difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:31, 17 November 2023

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