袴はかま: difference between revisions

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Browse history interactively
← Go to previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
350bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
41,662 edits
m removing inappropriate use of {{l|en}}
Chuterix (talk | contribs)
9,091 edits
No edit summary
Tags: Manual revert Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(12 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{also|褲}}
{{also|褲}}
{{character info/new}}
{{character info}}
==Translingual==
==Translingual==
{{Han simplified forms|褲|袴はかま|裤|ex=y}}
{{Han simplified forms|褲|袴はかま|裤|ex=y}}


===Han character===
===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=145|rad=衣ころも|as=06|sn=12|four=|canj=LKMS|ids=⿰衤夸}}
{{Han char|rn=145|rad=衣ころも|as=06|sn=11|four=|canj=LKMS|ids=⿰衤夸}}

====Derived characters====
* {{l|mul|[[𬞔]]}}


====References====
====References====
* {{Han ref|kx=1115.260|dkj=34236|dj=1581.050|hdz=53088.070|uh=88B4|ud=34996}}
* {{Han ref|kx=1115.260|dkj=34236|dj=1581.050|hdz=53088.070|uh=88B4|ud=34996}}

----


==Chinese==
==Chinese==
Line 23: Line 24:
===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
{{zh-see|胯|av|[[hip]]; [[groin]]}}
{{zh-see|胯|av|[[hip]]; [[groin]]}}

----


==Japanese==
==Japanese==
Line 58: Line 57:
From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=はかま|-}}. Attested in the ''{{w|Man'yōshū}}'', completed some time after 759 {{CE}}.
From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=はかま|-}}. Attested in the ''{{w|Man'yōshū}}'', completed some time after 759 {{CE}}.


Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from {{compound|lang=ja|sort=はかま||alt1=穿はか|tr1=haka|pos1=the {{m|ja|未然みぜん形がた|tr=mizenkei||incomplete form}} or a sound shift from some other conjugation of verb {{m|ja|穿はく|tr=haku||to pull onto the lower body (such as trousers)}}|裳も|tr2=ma|t2=robes|pos2=sound shift from expected reading ''mo''}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>
Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from {{compound|ja|sort=はかま||alt1=穿はか|tr1=haka|pos1=the {{m|ja|未然みぜん形がた|tr=mizenkei||incomplete form}} or a sound shift from some other conjugation of verb {{m|ja|穿はく|tr=haku||to pull onto the lower body (such as trousers)}}|裳も|tr2=ma|t2=robes|pos2=sound shift from expected reading ''mo''}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>


The {{m|en|loincloth}} sense is attested earlier in the ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'', finished in 720 {{CE}}.<ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref> Other sources<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> also cite the ''Nihon Shoki'' for the {{m|en|trousers}} sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.
The {{m|en|loincloth}} sense is attested earlier in the ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'', finished in 720 {{CE}}.<ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref> Other sources<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> also cite the ''Nihon Shoki'' for the {{m|en|trousers}} sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|yomi=k|はかま|acc=3|acc_ref=DJR}}
{{ja-pron|はかま|acc=3|acc_ref=DJR}}


====Noun====
====Noun====
Line 84: Line 83:
* {{ja-r|袴はかま%能のう|はかま%-のう}}
* {{ja-r|袴はかま%能のう|はかま%-のう}}
* {{ja-r|行灯あんどん%袴はかま|あんどん%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|行灯あんどん%袴はかま|あんどん%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|表ひょう%袴はかま|うえ の% はかま|rom=-}} {{ja-r|上うえ%袴はかま|うえ の% はかま}}
* {{ja-r|表ひょう%袴はかま|うえ の% はかま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|上うえ%袴はかま|うえ の% はかま}}
* {{ja-r|袿%袴はかま|うちき%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|袿%袴はかま|うちき%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|女おんな%袴はかま|おんな%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|女おんな%袴はかま|おんな%-ばかま}}
Line 97: Line 96:
* {{ja-r|長ちょう%袴はかま|なが%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|長ちょう%袴はかま|なが%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|羽はね%織お%袴はかま|は%おり%-はかま}}
* {{ja-r|羽はね%織お%袴はかま|は%おり%-はかま}}
* {{ja-r|肌はだ%袴はかま|はだ%ばかま|rom=-}} {{ja-r|膚はだ%袴はかま|はだ%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|肌はだ%袴はかま|はだ%ばかま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|膚はだ%袴はかま|はだ%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|張ちょう%袴はかま|はり%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|張ちょう%袴はかま|はり%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|半はん%袴はかま|はん%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|半はん%袴はかま|はん%ばかま}}
Line 112: Line 111:


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|yomi=kanon|こ}}
{{ja-pron|こ}}


====Noun====
====Noun====
Line 130: Line 129:
<references/>
<references/>


{{topics|ja|Clothing}}
----


==Korean==
==Korean==


===Hanja===
===Etymology 1===
From {{der|ko|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|袴はかま}}. {{hanja-hunmong|고〮|kwo|服飾ふくしょく}}
{{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[고]], [[과]]|eumhun=[[바지]], [[사타구니]]|rv=go, gwa|mr=ko, kwa|y=ko, kwa|ehrv=baji, sataguni|ehmr=paji, sat'aguni|ehy=paci, sathakwuni}}


====Hanja====
⚫
# [[trousers]], [[pants]] {{q|US}}
{{ko-hanja-search}}
⚫
# [[crotch]], [[groin]]
{{ko-hanja|바지|고}}

⚫
# {{hanja form of|고|[[trousers]]; [[pants]]}}

====Compounds====
{{der-top3|Compounds}}
* {{ko-l|환고|紈袴}}
* {{ko-l|단고|單たん袴はかま}}
* {{ko-l|고의|袴はかま衣ころも}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
Related to {{cog|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|胯|id=3}}. {{hanja-hunmong|과〯|kwa|服飾ふくしょく}}

====Hanja====
{{ko-hanja|사타구니|과}}

⚫
# {{hanja form of|과|[[crotch]]; [[groin]]}}

===References===
* {{R:hanjadoc|11369}}

Latest revision as of 12:31, 17 November 2023

See also: 褲
袴はかま U+88B4, &#34996;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88B4
← 袳
[U+88B3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 袵おくみ →
[U+88B5]

Translingual

[edit]
Traditional 褲
Shinjitai
(extended) 		袴はかま
Simplified 裤

Han character

[edit]

袴はかま (Kangxi radical 145, 衣ころも+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中大ちゅうだい一いち尸しかばね (LKMS), composition ⿰衤夸)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1115, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34236
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1581, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3088, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+88B4

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
侉 *qaːls
夸 *kʰʷraː
姱 *kʰʷraː
胯 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨またが *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
誇ほこ *kʰʷraː
垮 *kʰʷraːʔ
銙 *kʰʷraːʔ
骻 *kʰʷraːʔ
咵 *kʰʷraːʔ
釫 *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː
摦 *ɡʷraːs
鮬 *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː
嶀 *qʰʷl'aː
扝 *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː
刳く *kʰʷaː
郀 *kʰʷaː
挎 *kʰʷaː
袴はかま *kʰʷaːs
絝 *kʰʷaːs
褲 *kʰʷaːs
恗 *qʰaː
洿 *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː
瓠ひさご *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs
鄠 *ɢʷlaːʔ
污 *qʷaː, *qʷaːs
杇 *qʷaː
圬 *qʷaː
鴮 *qʷaː
盓 *qʷaː
汙 *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa
樗ぶな *qʰʷl'a
摴 *qʰʷl'a
荂 *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa
雩 *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla
吁 *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas
盱 *qʰʷa
訏 *qʰʷa
扜 *qʰʷa, *qʷa
旴 *qʰʷa
冔 *qʰʷaʔ
紆 *qʷa
陓 *qʷa
迂まが *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶 *qʷa
于 *ɢʷa
盂 *ɢʷa
竽 *ɢʷa
邘 *ɢʷa
玗 *ɢʷa
芋いも *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas
杅 *ɢʷa
釪 *ɢʷa
骬 *ɢʷa
謣 *ɢʷla
宇 *ɢʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *kʰʷaːs) : semantic 衤 (“cloth”) + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː) – a type of clothing.

Etymology 1

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 袴はかま – see 褲 (“pants; trousers”).
(This character is a variant form of 褲).

Etymology 2

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 袴はかま – see 胯 (“hip; groin”).
(This character is an ancient variant form of 胯).

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
袴はかま

(Jinmeiyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 褲)

  1. traditional Japanese loose trousers

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 1

[edit]
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
袴はかま (hakama, traditional Japanese trousers)
Kanji in this term
袴はかま
はかま
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from 穿はか (haka, the 未然みぜん形がた (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) or a sound shift from some other conjugation of verb 穿はく (haku, “to pull onto the lower body (such as trousers)”)) +‎ 裳も (ma, “robes”, sound shift from expected reading mo).[1]

The loincloth sense is attested earlier in the Nihon Shoki, finished in 720 CE.[2] Other sources[1] also cite the Nihon Shoki for the trousers sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

袴はかま(はかま) • (hakama) 

  1. hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 74)
      飫瀰能古のこ簸ひ(おみのこは)多倍たばい能のう(たへの)波なみ伽とぎ摩ま(はかま)鳴な(を)那な那な陛鳴絁(ななへをし)爾しか播爾陀陀始はじめ諦たい(にはにたたして)阿おもね遥はるか比ひ那な陀須暮くれ(あよひなだすも) [Man'yōgana]
      臣しん(おみ)の子こ(こ)は栲たえ(たへ)の袴はかま(はかま)を七なな(なな)重おも(へ)をし庭にわ(には)に立だて(た)たして足あし結ゆい(あよひ)撫なで(なだ)すも [Modern spelling]
      omi no ko wa tae no hakama o nanae oshi niwa ni tatashite ayoi nadasu mo
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. (botany) a leaf sheath
  3. a holder for a heated bottle of saké
  4. (rare, possibly obsolete) a kind of traditional Japanese loincloth
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (page 562)
      逼而脱だっ(＊＊＊)褌ふんどし(＊)　[...] [Man'yōgana]
      逼(せ)めて袴はかま(はかま)を脱だっ(に)かしめて　[...] [Modern spelling]
      semete hakama o nikashimete...
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Synonym: 褌ふんどし (fundoshi)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
袴はかま
こ
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 袴はかま (MC khuH).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

袴はかま(こ) • (ko) 

  1. (rare) hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
  2. (rare) momohiki: traditional Japanese closefitting workman's trousers
    Synonym: 股引ももひき (momohiki)
  3. (historical, military): prior to World War II, the general term for trousers in the Imperial Japanese Army
    Synonym: ズボン (zubon)

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくご大だい辞典じてん（新装しんそう版ばん） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 袴はかま (MC khuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 고〮 (kwó) (Yale: kwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

袴はかま (eumhun 바지 고 (baji go))

  1. hanja form? of 고 (“trousers; pants”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2

[edit]

Related to Middle Chinese 胯 (MC khwaeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 과〯 (kwǎ) (Yale: kwa) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

[edit]

袴はかま (eumhun 사타구니 과 (sataguni gwa))

  1. hanja form? of 과 (“crotch; groin”)

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [1]
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=袴はかま&oldid=76714189"