袴はかま: difference between revisions

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→‎Japanese: Expanding a bit, adding usage examples, more still needed
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====Compounds====
====Compounds====
{{der-top|Compounds}}
⚫
* {{ja-r|袴はかま%下した|こ%した}}
* {{ja-r|着ちゃく%袴はかま|ちゃっ%こ}}
* {{ja-r|袴はかま褶|こしゅう}}
* {{ja-r|紈袴|がんこ}}
* {{ja-r|着き袴はかま|ちゃっこ}}
* {{ja-r|布ぬの袴はかま|ほうこ}}
{{der-bottom}}


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
<div style="float:right;">
<div style="float:right;">
{{wikipedia|Hakama}}
{{wp|lang=ja}}
{{wikipedia|lang=ja}}
{{wp|Hakama}}
[[File:Mikohakamaback.JPG|thumb|250px|''{{ja-l||袴はかま}}'' (''hakama'', traditional Japanese trousers)]]
[[File:Mikohakamaback.JPG|thumb|250px|''{{ja-l||袴はかま}}'' (''hakama'', traditional Japanese trousers)]]
</div>
</div>
{{ja-kanjitab|はかま|yomi=k}}
{{ja-kanjitab|はかま|yomi=k}}


From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=はかま|-}}. Attested in the ''{{w|Man'yōshū}}'', completed some time after 759 CE.
From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=はかま|-}}. Attested in the ''{{w|Man'yōshū}}'', completed some time after 759 {{CE}}.


Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from {{compound|lang=ja|sort=はかま|穿はく|alt1=穿はか|tr1=haka|pos1=the {{m|ja|未然みぜん形がた|tr=mizenkei||incomplete form}} or a sound shift from some other conjugation of verb {{m|ja|穿はく|tr=haku||to pull onto the lower body (such as trousers)}}|裳も|tr2=ma|t2=robes|pos2=sound shift from expected reading ''mo''}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>
Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from {{compound|lang=ja|sort=はかま||alt1=穿はか|tr1=haka|pos1=the {{m|ja|未然みぜん形がた|tr=mizenkei||incomplete form}} or a sound shift from some other conjugation of verb {{m|ja|穿はく|tr=haku||to pull onto the lower body (such as trousers)}}|裳も|tr2=ma|t2=robes|pos2=sound shift from expected reading ''mo''}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>


The {{m|en|loincloth}} sense is attested earlier in the ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'', finished in 720 CE.<ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref> Other sources<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> also cite the ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'' for the {{m|en|trousers}} sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.
The {{m|en|loincloth}} sense is attested earlier in the ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'', finished in 720 {{CE}}.<ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref> Other sources<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> also cite the ''Nihon Shoki'' for the {{m|en|trousers}} sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
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{{ja-noun|はかま}}
{{ja-noun|はかま}}


# a type of traditional Japanese {{l|en|trousers}}
# ''[[hakama]]'': a type of traditional Japanese [[trousers]]
#* '''720''', ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'' (poem 74)
# {{lb|ja|sort=はかま|botany}} a {{l|en|leaf sheath}}
#*: {{ja-usex|m=飫瀰能古のこ簸ひ 多倍たばい能のう'''波なみ伽とぎ摩ま'''鳴な 那な那な陛鳴絁 爾なんじ播爾陀陀始はじめ諦たい 阿おもね遥はるか比ひ那な陀須暮くれ|m_kana=おみのこは たへの'''はかま'''を ななへをし にはにたたして あよひなだすも|臣しんの子こは[[栲たえ]]の'''袴はかま'''を七なな%重じゅうをし庭にわに立たたして[[足あし結ゆい]]%[[撫ぶす]]も|おみ の こ は たへ の '''はかま''' を なな%へ をし には に たたして あよひ% なだす も|rom=omi no ko wa tae no '''hakama''' o nanae oshi niwa ni tatashite ayoi nadasu mo}}
⚫
# a holder for a heated bottle of {{l|en|saké}}
# {{lb|ja|sort=はかま|rare|possibly|_|obsolete}} a kind of traditional Japanese {{l|en|loincloth}}
# {{lb|ja|sort=はかま|botany}} a [[leaf sheath]]
⚫
# a [[holder]] for a [[heat]]ed [[bottle]] of ''[[sake#Noun|saké]]''

# {{lb|ja|sort=はかま|rare|possibly|_|obsolete}} a kind of traditional Japanese [[loincloth]]
=====Synonyms=====
#* '''720''', ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'' (page 562)
* {{sense|loincloth}} {{ja-r|褌ふんどし|ふんどし}}
#*: {{ja-usex|m=逼而脱だっ'''褌ふんどし'''　[...]|m_kana=＊＊＊'''＊'''　[...]|逼めて'''袴はかま'''を脱ぬげかしめて　[...]|せめて '''はかま''' を にかしめて　[...]|rom=semete '''hakama''' o nikashimete...}}
#: {{syn|ja|褌ふんどし|tr=fundoshi}}


=====Derived terms=====
=====Derived terms=====
Line 78: Line 84:
* {{ja-r|袴はかま%能のう|はかま%-のう}}
* {{ja-r|袴はかま%能のう|はかま%-のう}}
* {{ja-r|行灯あんどん%袴はかま|あんどん%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|行灯あんどん%袴はかま|あんどん%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|表ひょう%袴はかま|うえ の% はかま|rom=-}} {{ja-r|上うえ%袴はかま|うえ の% はかま}}
* {{ja-r|袿%袴はかま|うちき%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|女おんな%袴はかま|おんな%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|女おんな%袴はかま|おんな%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|御ご%袴はかま%料りょう|お%はかま%-りょう}}, {{ja-r|御ご%袴はかま%料りょう|おん%はかま%-りょう}}
* {{ja-r|御ご%袴はかま%料りょう|お%はかま%-りょう}}, {{ja-r|御ご%袴はかま%料りょう|おん%はかま%-りょう}}
* {{ja-r|片へん%袴はかま|かた%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|括くくり袴はかま|くくりばかま}}
* {{ja-r|紺こん%屋やの白しろ%袴はかま|こう%や の しろ%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|紺こん%屋やの白しろ%袴はかま|こう%や の しろ%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|猿さる%袴はかま|さる%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|猿さる%袴はかま|さる%-ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|猩々しょうじょう%袴はかま|ショウジョウ%-バカマ}}
* {{ja-r|猩々しょうじょう%袴はかま|ショウジョウ%-バカマ}}
* {{ja-r|白しろ%袴はかま|しろ%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|摺すり%袴はかま|すり%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|長ちょう%袴はかま|なが%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|長ちょう%袴はかま|なが%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|羽はね%織お%袴はかま|は%おり%-はかま}}
* {{ja-r|羽はね%織お%袴はかま|は%おり%-はかま}}
* {{ja-r|肌はだ%袴はかま|はだ%ばかま|rom=-}} {{ja-r|膚はだ%袴はかま|はだ%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|張ちょう%袴はかま|はり%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|張ちょう%袴はかま|はり%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|半はん%袴はかま|はん%ばかま}}
* {{ja-r|緋ひ%袴はかま|ひ%ばかま}}, {{ja-r|緋ひの袴はかま|ひ の はかま}}
* {{ja-r|緋ひ%袴はかま|ひ%ばかま}}, {{ja-r|緋ひの袴はかま|ひ の はかま}}
* {{ja-r|藤ふじ%袴はかま|フジ%バカマ}}
* {{ja-r|藤ふじ%袴はかま|フジ%バカマ}}
Line 103: Line 117:
{{ja-noun|こ}}
{{ja-noun|こ}}


# {{lb|ja|sort=こ|rare}} {{l|en|hakama}}: a type of traditional Japanese {{l|en|trousers}}
# {{lb|ja|sort=こ|rare}} ''[[hakama]]'': a type of traditional Japanese [[trousers]]
# {{lb|ja|sort=こ|rare}} {{l|en|momohiki}}: traditional Japanese {{l|en|closefitting}} {{l|en|workman}}'s {{l|en|trousers}}
# {{lb|ja|sort=こ|rare}} ''[[momohiki]]'': traditional Japanese [[closefitting]] [[workman]]'s [[trousers]]
#: {{syn|ja|股引ももひき|tr=momohiki}}
# {{lb|ja|sort=こ|historical|military}}: prior to {{l|en|World War Two}}, the general term for {{l|en|trousers}} in the Japanese {{l|en|army}}
# {{lb|ja|sort=こ|historical|military}}: prior to {{w|World War II}}, the general term for trousers in the {{w|Imperial Japanese Army}}
#: {{syn|ja|ズボン|tr=zubon}}


=====Synonyms=====
====Derived terms====
⚫
* {{ja-r|袴はかま%下した|こ%した}}
* {{sense|momohiki}} {{m|ja|股引ももひき}}
* {{ja-r|袿袴|けいこ}}
* {{sense|trousers in general}} {{m|ja|ズボン}}


===References===
===References===

Revision as of 06:10, 4 August 2018

See also: 褲

Template:character info/new

Translingual

Traditional 褲
Shinjitai
(extended) 		袴はかま
Simplified 裤

Han character

袴はかま (Kangxi radical 145, 衣ころも+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中大ちゅうだい一いち尸しかばね (LKMS), composition ⿰衤夸)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1115, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34236
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1581, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3088, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+88B4

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
侉 *qaːls
夸 *kʰʷraː
姱 *kʰʷraː
胯 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨またが *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
誇ほこ *kʰʷraː
垮 *kʰʷraːʔ
銙 *kʰʷraːʔ
骻 *kʰʷraːʔ
咵 *kʰʷraːʔ
釫 *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː
摦 *ɡʷraːs
鮬 *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː
嶀 *qʰʷl'aː
扝 *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː
刳く *kʰʷaː
郀 *kʰʷaː
挎 *kʰʷaː
袴はかま *kʰʷaːs
絝 *kʰʷaːs
褲 *kʰʷaːs
恗 *qʰaː
洿 *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː
瓠ひさご *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs
鄠 *ɢʷlaːʔ
污 *qʷaː, *qʷaːs
杇 *qʷaː
圬 *qʷaː
鴮 *qʷaː
盓 *qʷaː
汙 *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa
樗ぶな *qʰʷl'a
摴 *qʰʷl'a
荂 *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa
雩 *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla
吁 *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas
盱 *qʰʷa
訏 *qʰʷa
扜 *qʰʷa, *qʷa
旴 *qʰʷa
冔 *qʰʷaʔ
紆 *qʷa
陓 *qʷa
迂まが *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶 *qʷa
于 *ɢʷa
盂 *ɢʷa
竽 *ɢʷa
邘 *ɢʷa
玗 *ɢʷa
芋いも *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas
杅 *ɢʷa
釪 *ɢʷa
骬 *ɢʷa
謣 *ɢʷla
宇 *ɢʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *kʰʷaːs) : semantic 衤 (“cloth”) + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː) – a type of clothing.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 袴はかま – see 褲 (“pants; trousers”).
(This character is a variant form of 褲).

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 袴はかま – see 胯 (“hip; groin”).
(This character is an ancient variant form of 胯).

Japanese

Kanji

袴はかま

(Jinmeiyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 褲)

  1. traditional Japanese loose trousers

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
袴はかま (hakama, traditional Japanese trousers)
Kanji in this term
袴はかま
はかま
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from Lua error in Module:affix/templates at line 38: The |lang= parameter is not used by this template. Place the language code in parameter 1 instead..[1]

The loincloth sense is attested earlier in the Nihon Shoki, finished in 720 CE.[2] Other sources[1] also cite the Nihon Shoki for the trousers sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.

Pronunciation

Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 88: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.

Noun

袴はかま(はかま) • (hakama) 

  1. hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 74)
      飫瀰能古のこ簸ひ(おみのこは)多倍たばい能のう(たへの)波なみ伽とぎ摩ま(はかま)鳴な(を)那な那な陛鳴絁(ななへをし)爾しか播爾陀陀始はじめ諦たい(にはにたたして)阿おもね遥はるか比ひ那な陀須暮くれ(あよひなだすも) [Man'yōgana]
      臣しん(おみ)の子こ(こ)は栲たえ(たへ)の袴はかま(はかま)を七なな(なな)重おも(へ)をし庭にわ(には)に立だて(た)たして足あし結ゆい(あよひ)撫なで(なだ)すも [Modern spelling]
      omi no ko wa tae no hakama o nanae oshi niwa ni tatashite ayoi nadasu mo
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. (botany) a leaf sheath
  3. a holder for a heated bottle of saké
  4. (rare, possibly obsolete) a kind of traditional Japanese loincloth
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (page 562)
      逼而脱だっ(＊＊＊)褌ふんどし(＊)　[...] [Man'yōgana]
      逼(せ)めて袴はかま(はかま)を脱だっ(に)かしめて　[...] [Modern spelling]
      semete hakama o nikashimete...
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Synonym: 褌ふんどし (fundoshi)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
袴はかま
こ
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 袴はかま (MC khuH).

Pronunciation

Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 88: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.

Noun

袴はかま(こ) • (ko) 

  1. (rare) hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
  2. (rare) momohiki: traditional Japanese closefitting workman's trousers
    Synonym: 股引ももひき (momohiki)
  3. (historical, military): prior to World War II, the general term for trousers in the Imperial Japanese Army
    Synonym: ズボン (zubon)

Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくご大だい辞典じてん（新装しんそう版ばん） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

袴はかま • (go, gwa)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 고, 과 (revised: go, gwa, McCune–Reischauer: ko, kwa, Yale: ko, kwa)
    • Name (hangeul): 바지, 사타구니Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Please migrate to the syntax described at Template:ko-hanja/new
      (revised: baji, sataguni, McCune–Reischauer: paji, sat'aguni, Yale: paci, sathakwuni)
  1. trousers, pants (US)
  2. crotch, groin
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