남

남 U+B0A8, 남 HANGUL SYLLABLE NAM Composition: ㄴ + ㅏ + ㅁ ← 낧 [U+B0A7] Hangul Syllables 납 → [U+B0A9]

나낙낚낛난낝낞 낟날낡낢낣낤낥 낦낧남납낪낫났 낭낮낯낰낱낲낳
끼 ←	→ 내

Korean

Etymology 1

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍りゅう飛ひ御ご天てん歌か / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆷ〮 (Yale: nóm).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [na̠m]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [남]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	nam
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	nam
McCune–Reischauer?	nam
Yale Romanization?	nam

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 남의 / 남에 / 남까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

Noun

남 • (nam)

1. other person, other people; someone other than the self

   Antonym: 나 (na, “I; me”)

2. stranger, someone one does not know

   우리 고등학교 동창인데 왜 남 취급해?

   Uri godeunghakgyo dongchang-inde wae nam chwigeuphae?

   We used to go to the same high school, why are you treating me like someone you don't know?

Derived terms

• 남다르다 (namdareuda, “to be distinctive”)
• 남이사 (namisa)
• 남탓 (namtat, “blaming others”)
• 내로남불 (naeronambul, “double standards”)

 

Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 男おとこ (“man”), from the Middle Korean reading 남 (Yale: nàm).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [na̠m]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [남]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	nam
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	nam
McCune–Reischauer?	nam
Yale Romanization?	nam

Noun

남 • (nam) (hanja 男おとこ)

1. (formal) man, male

   Coordinate term: 여(女おんな) (yeo, “woman; female”)

2. Short for 남작(男爵だんしゃく) (namjak, “baron”).
3. son; used only when counting the number of children

   Coordinate term: 녀(女おんな) (nyeo, “daughter”)

   나는 2남 2녀 중 막내다.

   Naneun 2nam 2nyeo jung mangnae-da.

   I am the youngest (child) among two sons and two daughters.

Usage notes

Korean has a number of words equivalent to English "man" and "woman".

1. Sino-Korean 남자 (男子だんし, namja, “boy; guy; man”) and 여자 (女子じょし, yeoja, “girl; woman”) are the most common words, but can have a somewhat informal connotation.

   걔는 남자야? — 아니, 여자야.

   Gyae-neun namja-ya? - Ani, yeoja-ya.

   Is he/she a guy? — No, she's a girl.

   남자친구 / 여자친구

   namja-chin'gu / yeoja-chin'gu

   boyfriend / girlfriend

2. Sino-Korean 남성 (男性だんせい, namseong, “male; men”) and 여성 (女性じょせい, yeoseong, “female; women”) refer to men and women as groups—though pluralized 남자들 (namja-deul, “the boys; the guys; the men”) and 여자들 (yeoja-deul, “the girls; the women”) is informally more common for this purpose—or to individual adult men and women in formal or polite contexts.

   여성 인권 운동

   yeoseong in'gwon undong

   women's rights movement, feminism

   20대 남성이 실종되었습니다. (in a news report)

   20dae namseong-i siljongdoe-eot-seumnida.

   A man in his twenties has gone missing.

3. Sino-Korean 여인 (女人にょにん, yeoin, “woman”) is literary. There is no male counterpart.

   여인의 향기 (movie title)

   yeoin-ui hyanggi

   Scent of a Woman

4. The bare Sino-Korean morphemes 남 (男おとこ, nam, “male”) and 여 (女おんな, yeo, “female”) is generally used in formal contexts, especially when referring to each gender as a collective but also for male or female individuals in more legalistic contexts. They are commonly written in hanja even when the rest of the text is in pure Hangul script.

   남과 여의 만남

   nam-gwa yeo-ui mannam

   the meeting of Man and Woman

5. Native 사내 (sanae, “man”) and 계집 (gyejip, “woman”) are not as commonly used. 사내 (sanae) often has a connotation of machismo or manliness, while 계집 (gyejip) has become offensive and derogatory.

Note that in Early Modern Korean (1600—c. 1900) and in contemporary Standard North Korean, Sino-Korean 여 (女おんな, yeo, “female”) is written and pronounced 녀 (nyeo), hence 녀자 (女子じょし, nyeoja), 녀성 (女性じょせい, nyeoseong), 녀인 (女人にょにん, nyeoin).

See also

• 아들 (adeul, “son (in general)”)

Prefix

남— • (nam-) (hanja 男おとこ)

1. (before nouns referring to people) man, male

   Coordinate term: 여(女おんな) (yeo-, “woman; female”)

   남고딩 ― namgoding ― male high schooler

Suffix

—남 • (-nam) (hanja 男おとこ)

1. man (who is characterized by this)

   Coordinate term: 녀(女おんな) (-nyeo, “woman; female”)

   짝남 ― jjangnam ― the guy I have a crush on

   썸남 ― sseomnam ― the guy I'm flirting with

   유부남 ― yubunam ― married man

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 男おとこ for Sino-Korean compounds of 남 (男おとこ, nam).

Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 南みなみ (“south”), from the Middle Korean reading 남 (Yale: nàm).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [na̠m]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [남]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	nam
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	nam
McCune–Reischauer?	nam
Yale Romanization?	nam

Noun

남 • (nam) (hanja 南みなみ)

1. (formal in isolation, more common in writing) south

   Synonym: (more common in isolation) 남(南みなみ)쪽 (namjjok)

   Antonym: 북(北きた) (buk, “north”)

Coordinate terms

(compass points)

서북(西北せいほく) (seobuk) 북서(北西ほくせい) (bukseo)	북(北きた) (buk)	동북(東北とうほく) (dongbuk) 북동(北東ほくとう) (bukdong)
서(西にし) (seo)		동(東ひがし) (dong)
서남(西南せいなん) (seonam) 남서(南西なんせい) (namseo)	남(南みなみ) (nam)	동남(東南とうなん) (dongnam) 남동(南東なんとう) (namdong)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 南みなみ for Sino-Korean compounds of 남 (南みなみ, nam).

• 남(南みなみ)녘 (namnyeok, “the south”)
• 남(南みなみ)쪽 (namjjok, “south”)

 

Proper noun

남 • (Nam) (hanja 南みなみ)

1. Short for 남한(南みなみ韓かん)/남조선(南朝鮮みなみちょうせん) (namhan/namjoseon, “South Korea”).

   Antonym: 북(北きた) (buk, “North Korea”)

Usage notes

In news headlines, this is usually written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

Etymology 4

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from the Middle Korean reading 남 (Yale: nam).

Syllable

남 (nam)

More information

1. 南みなみ: south

   (eumhun reading: 남녘 남 (namnyeok nam))
   (MC reading: 南みなみ (MC nom))

2. 男おとこ: man

   (eumhun reading: 사내 남 (sanae nam))
   (MC reading: 男おとこ (MC nom))

3. 楠くすのき: Machilus nanmu

   (eumhun reading: 녹나무 남 (nongnamu nam))
   (MC reading: 楠くすのき (MC nom))

4. 枏: Alternative form of 楠くすのき

   (MC reading: 枏)

5. 柟: Alternative form of 楠くすのき

   (MC reading: 柟 (MC nom|nyem|nyemX))

6. 湳: name of a Chinese river

   (eumhun reading: 물 이름 남 (mul ireum nam))
   (MC reading: 湳 (MC nomX))

7. 喃: chatter

   (eumhun reading: 재잘거릴 남 (jaejalgeoril nam))
   (MC reading: 喃 (MC nream))

Etymology 5

Modern South Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound, which was also true of most dialects (both North and South) in 1945. From Middle Korean 람 (Yale: lam); when preceded by another character in a compound, they retain the original 람 (ram) form.

In the North Korean standard, they are always read as 람 (ram), but this is an artificial imposition intended to standardize Sino-Korean readings, which did not reflect any major dialect's pronunciation in 1945.

Syllable

남 (nam)

More information

1. 藍あい: indigo

   (eumhun reading: 쪽 남 (jjok nam))
   (MC reading: 藍あい (MC lam))

2. 襤: rags

   (eumhun reading: 누더기 남 (nudeogi nam))
   (MC reading: 襤 (MC lam))

3. 濫: overflow

   (eumhun reading: 넘칠 남 (neomchil nam))
   (MC reading: 濫 (MC haemX|lamH))

4. 嵐あらし: mountain mist

   (eumhun reading: 남기 남 (namgi nam))
   (MC reading: 嵐あらし (MC lom))