おんな

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おんな U+5973, 女
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5973

[U+5972]
CJK Unified Ideographs やつ
[U+5974]
U+2F25, ⼥
KANGXI RADICAL WOMAN

[U+2F24]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F26]
U+F981, 女
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F981

[U+F980]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F982]
U+329B, ㊛
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH FEMALE

[U+329A]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+329C]

Translingual

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Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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おんな (Kangxi radical 38, おんな+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input おんな (V), four-corner 40400, composition 𡿨(GJKV) or 𡿨𠂇(HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #38, .

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 254, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6036
  • Dae Jaweon: page 516, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1023, character 23
  • Unihan data for U+5973

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character おんな
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) : a woman with breasts kneeling or standing. In modern form turned on left side: enclosed area is remnant of left breast (character's left, depicted woman's right), while right breast has disappeared. Graphically cognate to はは (, “mother”), which has developed similarly, but also includes dots for nipples and has retained both breasts. Compare Egyptian 𓁐.

Etymology 1

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trad. おんな
simp. # おんな
alternative forms 𠨰
Wikipedia has articles on:
女性じょせい

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nja-ŋ/k (woman). Compare Tibetan ཉག་མོ (nyag mo, woman) (Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation 2 is an exoactive derivation of pronunciation 1 (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • neoi5-2 - “daughter; girlfriend; girl”;
  • neoi5-1 - “queen”.
Note:
  • nyy3 - usual pronunciation, including “daughter”;
  • nyyn3 - “daughter”.
Note:
  • Xiamen:
    • lú - more common.
  • Zhangzhou:
    • lí - more common.
  • Quanzhou:
    • lír - more common;
    • lú - colloquial variant.
Note:
  • neng2 - vernacular;
  • ni2 - colloquial.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location おんな
Mandarin Beijing /ny²¹⁴/
Harbin /ny²¹³/
Tianjin /nuei¹³/
/ny¹³/
Jinan /ȵy⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ny⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ny⁵³/
Xi'an /ny⁵³/
Xining /mji⁵³/
Yinchuan /ny⁵³/
Lanzhou /ȵy⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ȵy⁵¹/
Wuhan /y⁴²/
Chengdu /ȵy⁵³/
Guiyang /ni⁴²/
Kunming /ni⁵³/
Nanjing /ly²¹²/
Hefei /zz̩ʷ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /ny⁵³/
Pingyao /nzz̩ʷ⁵³/
/ȵy⁵³/ ~貓
Hohhot /ny⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵy²³/
Suzhou /ȵy³¹/
Hangzhou /nz̩ʷ⁵³/
Wenzhou /ȵy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ny³⁵/
Tunxi /ȵy²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ȵy⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ȵy⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵy²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /n̩³¹/
Taoyuan /ŋ̍³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nøy²³/
Nanning /ny²⁴/
Hong Kong /nøy¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lu⁵³/
/li⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ny³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ny²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /nɯŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /nu²¹³/

Rime
Character おんな
Reading # 1/2
Initial (こえ) むすめ (12)
Final (いん) さかな (22)
Tone (調しらべ) Rising (X)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) III
Fanqie あまきり
Baxter nrjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɳɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɳiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen
/niɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɳɨə̆X/
Li
Rong
/niɔX/
Wang
Li
/nĭoX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ni̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
neoi5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character おんな
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ nrjoX ›
Old
Chinese
/*nraʔ/
English female

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character おんな
Reading # 1/2
No. 9616
Phonetic
component
おんな
Rime
group
さかな
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*naʔ/
Definitions
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おんな

  1. woman; (only of humans in Standard Chinese) female
    おんなひと  ―  rén  ―  woman
    おんなてき  ―  de  ―  woman; female
    いちおんなえんじいんいちおんなえんじ  ―  yī ge yǎnyuán  ―  an actress
    いちおんなへいいちおんなへい  ―  yī ge shìbīng  ―  a female soldier
    請問おんな衛生えいせいあいだざい哪兒 [MSC, trad.]
    请问おんな卫生间ざい哪儿 [MSC, simp.]
    Qǐngwèn wèishēngjiān zài nǎr? [Pinyin]
    Excuse me, where is the ladies' lavatory?; Excuse me, where is the women's bathroom?
    Coordinate term: おとこ (nán)
    See also: はは, めす
  2. daughter (Classifier: c; つぶ c)
    つぎおんな  ―  cì'  ―  second daughter
    かかりわがおんな [Cantonese, trad.]
    けいわがおんな [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 hai6 ngo5 go3 neoi5-2 [Jyutping]
    She's my daughter.
  3. (Cantonese) girl; young female (Classifier: じょうじょう c; はん c)
    おんなおんな [Cantonese]  ―  leng3 neoi5-2 [Jyutping]  ―  pretty girl
  4. (Cantonese, Teochew, slang) girlfriend (Classifier: じょうじょう c; つぶ mn-t)
  5. (Cantonese, card games) queen (Classifier: ちょう c; せきただ c)
  6. (astronomy) the Girl (a Chinese constellation near Aquarius, 10th of the Twenty-Eight Mansions and part of the Black Turtle)
Synonyms
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Compounds
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Descendants
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Sino-Xenic (おんな):

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character おんな
Reading # 2/2
Initial (こえ) むすめ (12)
Final (いん) さかな (22)
Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) III
Fanqie あまよりどころきり
Baxter nrjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɳɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɳiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen
/niɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɳɨə̆H/
Li
Rong
/niɔH/
Wang
Li
/nĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ni̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
neoi6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character おんな
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ nrjoH ›
Old
Chinese
/*nraʔ-s/
English give as a wife

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character おんな
Reading # 2/2
No. 9618
Phonetic
component
おんな
Rime
group
さかな
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
おんな
Old
Chinese
/*nas/
Definitions
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おんな

  1. to give one's daughter in marriage; to give as wife

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of おんな – see なんじ (“you”).
(This character is a variant form of なんじ).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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おんな

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. woman
  2. daughter

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
おんな
おんな
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨womi1na⟩ → */womʲina//womʉna//wonːa//onːa/

Shift from Old Japanese wominaomina. See the おんな (omina) entry for further details.

Now one of the standard Japanese words for "a woman".

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) んな [òńnáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][3][1]
  • IPA(key): [õ̞nːa̠]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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おんな(おんな) (onnaをんな (wonna)?

  1. a female person
    Antonym: おとこ (otoko)
  2. (specifically) a woman, an adult female
    Antonym: おとこ (otoko)
  3. a wife
    Synonyms: つま (tsuma), 女房にょうぼう (nyōbō)
  4. a mistress, concubine
    Synonyms: 愛人あいじん (aijin), 情婦じょうふ (jōfu), わらわ (mekake)
  5. a maid
    Synonyms: 下女げじょ (gejo), 女中じょちゅう (jochū)
  6. a prostitute
    Synonyms: 淫売いんばい (inbaifu), 女郎じょろう (jorō), 売春ばいしゅん (baishunfu), 遊女ゆうじょ (yūjo)
  7. a woman's appearance or quality
  8. a feminine object
  9. the object in a pairing which is smaller, gentler, etc. than the other
  10. (vulgar) girlfriend
    ひと(ひと)おんな(おんな)()()
    Hito no onna ni te o dasuna!
    Don't you fuckin' dare touch someone else's girl!
Derived terms
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Idioms
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Proverbs
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
おんな
おみな
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨womi1na⟩ → */womʲina//omina/

From Old Japanese.[4]

The initial /wo/ expressed "small, youth" and contrasted with /o/ "grown, old" (as in おうな (omina, old woman)), while the medial /mi/ is cognate with おんな (me, female, woman, see below). According to Frellesvig (2010), proto-Japonic /e/ became Old Japanese [je] in final position and [i] elsewhere; analogous with PJ /o/, which became OJ [wo] in final position and [u] elsewhere (though PJ /i/ and /u/ also existed, compare Old Japanese 's two readings /po/ & /pu/ in Western & Eastern Old Japanese, respectively (Vovin, 2017)).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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おんな(おみな) (ominaをみな (womina)?

  1. (archaic) a young woman
  2. (archaic) a woman
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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おんな(おみな) (Ominaをみな (womina)?

  1. a female given name

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
おんな

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨me1 → */mʲe//me/

From Old Japanese,[6] from Proto-Japonic *mia.

Appears to be distinct from (⟨me2 → me, eye).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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おんな() (me

  1. a woman
    Antonym: おとこ (o)
    おんな()かみ(がみ)
    megami
    goddess
  2. a wife
    • c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 3)[8]
      ...おんな()おんな(をんな)にあづけてやしなはす。
      ...me no onna ni azukete yashinawasu.
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Synonym: つま (tsuma)
    Antonym: おとこ (o)
  3. a female
    Antonym: おとこ, おす, ゆう (o)
Usage notes
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  • Used more in compounds than on its own.
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
おんな
おうな
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
じょう

⟨womi1na⟩ → */womʲina//womʉna//woũna//woːna//oːna/

Variant shift from Old Japanese wominaomina (see above).

Noun

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おんな(おうな) (ōnaをうな (wouna)?

  1. (archaic) a young woman

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
おんな
おな
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/wonːa//wona//ona/

Shift from onna (see above).

Noun

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おんな(おな) (onaをな (wona)?

  1. (obsolete) a young woman

Etymology 6

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Kanji in this term
おんな
おなあ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/wona//wonaː//onaː/

Long-pronounced form of ona (see above).

Noun

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おんな(おなあ) (onāをなあ (wonaa)?

  1. (obsolete) a young woman

Etymology 7

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
おんな
じょ
Grade: 1
kan'on

/dɨo//d͡ʑo/

From Middle Chinese おんな (MC nrjoX|nrjoH).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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おんな(じょ) (joぢよ (dyo)?

  1. a woman, especially an actress or a prostitute

Proper noun

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おんな(じょ) (Joぢよ (dyo)?

  1. (Chinese astronomy) the Girl constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
    Synonyms: うるきほし (Urukiboshi), おんな宿やど (Joshuku)

Suffix

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おんな(じょ) (-joぢよ (dyo)?

  1. (historical) suffixed to names of female figures in the Edo period

See also

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 おんな[をんな] 【おんなPaid subscription required”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくごだい辞典じてん [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ womina at OxFord-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 おみな[をみな] 【おんなPaid subscription required”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくごだい辞典じてん [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  6. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese mye”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[3]
  7. 7.0 7.1 め 【めすおんなめすつまPaid subscription required”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくごだい辞典じてん [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  8. ^ Horiuchi, Hideaki with Ken Akiyama (1997) Taketori Monogatari, Ise Monogatari, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  9. ^ じょ[ヂョ] 【おんなPaid subscription required”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくごだい辞典じてん [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[5] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese おんな (MC nrjoX|nrjoH).

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

おんな (eumhun 계집 (gyejip nyeo), word-initial (South Korea) 계집 (gyejip yeo))

  1. hanja form? of / (female; woman)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese おんな / なんじ (MC nyoX).

Hanja

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おんな (eumhun (neo yeo))

  1. (literary Chinese) hanja form? of (you)

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさけい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅうけいきた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子でんし字典じてん. [7]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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おんな: Hán Việt readings: nữ (あま(ni)りょ(lữ)きり(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], nhữ (にん(nhẫn)あずか(dữ)きり(thiết))[1][5]
おんな: Nôm readings: nợ[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], nữa[1][2][3][4][5][7], nữ[1][2][6][4][7], nỡ[1][2][3][6], nớ[3][6][4][5], nhỡ[1][3][6], lỡ[2][3][6], nửa[1][3], nhớ[1], nự[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of nữ (female).
  2. Nôm form of nhớ (to remember, to miss).
  3. Nôm form of nỡ (to be willing).
  4. Nôm form of nữa (furthermore).
  5. Nôm form of nợ (to owe; debt).
  6. Nôm form of nửa (half).

Compounds

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References

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