女
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]- Kangxi radical #38, ⼥.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/
女 , 奻, 㚣,姦 - 㚢, 𠯆, 𡥃, 𢑒, 𫹌, 𢖵,
汝 , 𣅓, 𪱴, 𤖩, 𤘙, 𤣷, 肗, 𤯕, 𫀁, 籹, 𦘽, 𫌜, 𫌳, 𧴱, 𧺜, 𨐎, 釹(钕), 𩖠, 𩚔, 𩨚, 𫶯, 𠚰, 邚, 䎟, 䶯 - 㣽, 𭴇, 𥁅, 𠕷, 𡉓,
安 , 𢇘, 𦬑, 𢨭, 𣱘, 𥤨, 𥫭, 娄, 耍,要 , 𮡎, 𦯽, 𤕢, 𫒈, 𩁻, 蒆, 𫘺, 䆯, 䶒, 𨳐, 囡 - 佞, 𣍲, 㓂, 宼, 窛,
桜 , 珱, 䋝, 䧪, 巕
Descendants
[edit]- め (Hiragana character derived from man'yōgana)
- メ (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 254, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6036
- Dae Jaweon: page 516, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1023, character 23
- Unihan data for U+5973
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
拿 | *rnaː |
拏 | *rnaː |
詉 | *rnaː |
蒘 | *rnaː, *na |
笯 | *rnaː, *naː, *naːs |
挐 | *rnaː, *na |
絮 | *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas |
呶 | *rnaːw |
怓 | *rnaːw |
帑 | *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː |
*naː | |
砮 | *naː, *naːʔ |
駑 | *naː |
孥 | *naː |
*naːʔ | |
*naːʔ | |
*naːʔ, *naːs | |
袽 | *na |
帤 | *na |
*naʔ, *nas | |
籹 | *naʔ |
*hnjas | |
如 | *nja, *njas |
茹 | *nja, *njaʔ, *njas |
洳 | *nja, *njas |
鴽 | *nja |
蕠 | *nja |
*njaʔ | |
肗 | *njaʔ |
Pictogram (
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. # | ||
alternative forms | 𠨰 |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nja-ŋ/k (“woman”). Compare Tibetan ཉག་མོ (nyag mo, “woman”) (Hill, 2019).
Pronunciation 2 is an exoactive derivation of pronunciation 1 (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyü3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нү (nü, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyy3 / nyyn3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ny2
- Northern Min (KCR): nṳ̌
- Eastern Min (BUC): nṳ̄
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6gniu
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyy3
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): ny3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄩˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nyǔ
- Wade–Giles: nü3
- Yale: nyǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neu
- Palladius: нюй (njuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ny²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nyü3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ny
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʲy⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нү (nü, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ny⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: neoi5 / neoi5-2 / neoi5-1
- Yale: néuih / néui / nēui
- Cantonese Pinyin: noey5 / noey5-2 / noey5-1
- Guangdong Romanization: nêu5 / nêu5-2 / nêu5-1
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɵy̯¹³/, /nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/, /nɵy̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- neoi5-2 - “daughter; girlfriend; girl”;
- neoi5-1 - “queen”.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nui2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdui⁵⁵/
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: nyy3 / nyyn3
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲy²¹³/, /n̠ʲyn²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- nyy3 - usual pronunciation, including “daughter”;
- nyyn3 - “daughter”.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ńg
- Hakka Romanization System: ngˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ng3
- Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ny2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ny⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nṳ̌
- Sinological IPA (key): /ny²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡy³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Xiamen:
- lú - more common.
- Zhangzhou:
- lí - more common.
- Quanzhou:
- lír - more common;
- lú - colloquial variant.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: neng2 / ni2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nṳ́ng / ní
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɯŋ⁵²/, /ni⁵²/
- neng2 - vernacular;
- ni2 - colloquial.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ny²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /ny²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /nuei¹³/ /ny¹³/ | |
Jinan | /ȵy⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /ny⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ny⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /ny⁵³/ | |
Xining | /mji⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ny⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ȵy⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /ȵy⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /y⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /ȵy⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /ni⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /ni⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /ly²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /zz̩ʷ²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ny⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /nzz̩ʷ⁵³/ ~ /ȵy⁵³/ ~貓 | |
Hohhot | /ny⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ȵy²³/ |
Suzhou | /ȵy³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /nz̩ʷ⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ȵy³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ny³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /ȵy²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ȵy⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /ȵy⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ȵy²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /n̩³¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋ̍³¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /nøy²³/ |
Nanning | /ny²⁴/ | |
Hong Kong | /nøy¹³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lu⁵³/ /li⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ny³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ny²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /nɯŋ⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /nu²¹³/ |
- Middle Chinese: nrjoX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nraʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*naʔ/
Definitions
[edit]- woman; (only of humans in Standard Chinese) female
- daughter (Classifier:
個 /个 c;粒 c) - (Cantonese) girl; young female (Classifier:
條 /条 c;班 c) - (Cantonese, Teochew, slang) girlfriend (Classifier:
條 /条 c;粒 mn-t) - (Cantonese, card games) queen (Classifier:
張 /张 c;隻 /只 c) - (astronomy) the Girl (a Chinese constellation near Aquarius, 10th of the Twenty-Eight Mansions and part of the Black Turtle)
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | ||
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | |
Taiwan | ||
Singapore | ||
Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | |
Guilin | 𧊅 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | |
Hong Kong | ||
Taishan | ||
Dongguan | ||
Singapore (Guangfu) | ||
Hakka | Meixian | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | ||
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | ||
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | ||
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | ||
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | ||
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | |
Shishi | ||
Taipei | 姼仔 GT | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 查某 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 查某 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | ||
Chaozhou | ||
Haifeng | ||
Singapore (Teochew) | 查某 | |
Leizhou | ||
Singapore (Hainanese) | ||
Wu | Shanghai | |
Suzhou | ||
Hangzhou | ||
Ningbo | ||
Zhoushan | ||
Xiang | Changsha | |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 疙瘩, 疙瘩 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | |
Zhengzhou | ||
Xi'an | ||
Xuzhou | ||
Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | |
Guiyang | 蛋, 蛋蛋 | |
Liuzhou | ||
Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | |
Yangzhou | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | |
Hong Kong | ||
Taishan | ||
Nanning | ||
Nanning (Tanka) | ||
Wuzhou | ||
Yulin | ||
Gan | Nanchang | |
Pengze | ||
Lichuan | ||
Pingxiang | 蛋, | |
Hakka | Yudu | |
Huizhou | Jixi | |
Jin | Taiyuan | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | Q, |
Shantou | ||
Puning | ||
Wu | Shanghai | |
Shanghai (Chongming) | ||
Suzhou | 蛋, | |
Ningbo |
Compounds
[edit]一男 半 女 (yīnánbànnǚ)丁 女 丈夫 女 下女 (xiànǚ)三男 兩 女 /三男 两女三男 四 女 上 門 女婿 /上 门女婿 - 么女 (yāonǚ)
仕 女 (shìnǚ)仙女 (xiānnǚ)仙女 山 (Xiānnǚshān)- 佚女
侍女 (shìnǚ)使 女 (shǐnǚ)信女 (xìnnǚ)- 倩女
- 倡女
修女 (xiūnǚ)假 女 兒女 /儿女 (érnǚ)- 內女/
内 女 兩 娘 女 /两娘女 列 女 剩 女 (shèngnǚ)北 邙鄉女 /北 邙乡女 同人 女 - 吧女 (bānǚ)
- 吧托
女 商 女 (shāngnǚ)士 女 (shìnǚ)大男 大 女 天台 女 天女 (tiānnǚ)女丈夫 女 丑 女中 (nǚzhōng)女 主 (nǚzhǔ)女 乘務 員 /女 乘 务员女 事 (nǚshì)女人 女 伎女 伶女 伴 (nǚbàn)女 低音 (nǚdīyīn)女 侍 (nǚshì)女 修士 女 修道 女 修道 張 /女 修道 张女 修道院 女傑 /女 杰女 傭 /女 佣 (nǚyōng)女 僕 /女 仆 (nǚpú)女 僧 女 儐相/女 傧相 (nǚbīnxiàng)女優 /女 优 (nǚyōu)女 兄 女 先 女 光 棍女兒 /女 儿 (nǚ'ér)女 公 女 兵 女 冠 女 功 女 博士 女 友 (nǚyǒu)女 叔女 口 女史 (nǚshǐ)女 同胞 女 君 女 四書 /女 四 书女 國 /女 国 女 垣 女 士 (nǚshì)女 大 不 中 留 (nǚ dà bù zhōng liú)女 大 十 八 變 /女 大 十 八 变女 大難 留 /女 大 难留女 大須 嫁 /女 大 须嫁女 夷 女 奴 (nǚnú)女 妐女 妹 女 娃 (nǚwá)女 姪 /女 侄女 娘 (nǚniáng)女 婢 (nǚbì)女婿 女 媒 女 媧/女 娲 (Nǚwā)女 嫁 男 婚 女 嬰/女 婴 (nǚyīng)女子 (nǚzǐ)女 孩 (nǚhái)女 孫 /女 孙女 學 /女 学 女 宗 女官 (nǚguān)女 室 女 客 女 家 (nǚjiā)女 宮 /女 宫女 宿 (Nǚxiù)女將 /女将 (nǚjiàng)女工 (nǚgōng)女 巫 (nǚwū)女 市 女 師 /女 师 (nǚshī)女 床 女 店員 /女 店 员女 廁/女 厕 (nǚcè)女 廚/女 厨 女 弟 (nǚdì)女 強 人 /女 强 人 (nǚqiángrén)女御 (nǚyù)女 德 女性 (nǚxìng)女 戎 女 戶 /女 户女房 東 /女房 东女 扮 男裝 /女 扮 男装 女 扮 男 身 女 招的女 排 (nǚpái)女方 (nǚfāng)女 星 女 曰雞鳴/女 曰鸡鸣女 書 /女 书 (Nǚshū)女 朋友 女 校 (nǚxiào)女 樂 /女 乐女權 /女 权 (nǚquán)女 歧女 武神 女氣 /女 气 (nǚqi)女流 (nǚliú)女 牆/女 墙 (nǚqiáng)女 牢 女犯 女王 (nǚwáng)女 班 頭 /女 班 头女 生 (nǚshēng)女 用 內衣/女 用 内 衣 女 男 女 皇 (nǚhuáng)女 監 /女 监 (nǚjiān)女 直 (Nǚzhí)女 真 (Nǚzhēn)女 眷女神 (nǚshén)女 禍 /女 祸 (nǚhuò)女 秀才 女 科 女童 (nǚtóng)女 管 家 (nǚguǎnjiā)女 紀 /女 纪女 紅 /女 红 (nǚgōng)女給 /女 给女 織 男 耕 /女 织男耕 女 繼承 人 /女 继承人 女聲 /女声 (nǚshēng)女 聯 會 /女 联会女 舍監 /女 舍 监女色 (nǚsè)女 花 女 落子女 蘿/女 萝 (nǚluó)女裝 /女装 (nǚzhuāng)女 襯衫/女 衬衫 (nǚchènshān)女 角 女 誡/女 诫女 謁/女 谒女 警 (nǚjǐng)女 護 士 /女 护士女 貌郎才 女 貞 酒 /女 贞酒女 賓 /女 宾 (nǚbīn)女 起 解 女 身 女 車 /女 车女 轎/女 轿女郎 (nǚláng)女 酒 女 錢 /女 钱女 長須 嫁 /女 长须嫁 女 閭/女 闾女 陰 /女 阴 (nǚyīn)女 陪堂 女 隸/女 隶女 青年 會 /女 青年 会 女 鞋女 高 女 魃- 奼女/姹女
妓女 (jìnǚ)妖女 (yāonǚ)妻女 (qīnǚ)姪 女 /侄女 (zhínǚ)婦女 /妇女 (fùnǚ)- 娼女 (chāngnǚ)
- 婢女 (bìnǚ)
媛 女 - 婺女
嫁女 (jiànǚ)- 嬌女/娇女 (jiāonǚ)
- 嬖女
子女 (zǐnǚ)孝女 (xiàonǚ)孤 女 (gūnǚ)季 女 孟 姜 女 (Mèngjiāngnǚ)孫 女 /孙女 (sūnnǚ)宅 女 (zháinǚ)宗 女 - 宦女
室 女 (shìnǚ)宮 女 /宫女 (gōngnǚ)寒 女 實 女 /实女- 寡女
寸 男 尺 女 小女 (xiǎonǚ)少女 (shàonǚ)工 女 帝 女 幼女 (yòunǚ)- 彭女
山 從 女 /从女- 怨女 (yuànnǚ)
息女 (xīnǚ)愛 女 /爱女 (àinǚ)才女 (cáinǚ)- 扣女
- 拖兒
帶 女 /拖儿带女 - 拖男
帶 女 /拖男带女 - 拖男挈女
- 拖男
挾 女 /拖男挟 女 - 攜男
抱 女 /携男抱 女 - 攜男挈女/携男挈女
暖 女 有 女 同車 /有 女 同 车有 女 懷 春 /有 女 怀春- 榜女
檀 郎 謝 女 /檀 郎 谢女次女 (cìnǚ)- 欺男霸女 (qīnánbànǚ)
歌 女 (gēnǚ)歸 女 /归女母 女 (mǔnǚ)河 女 之 章 海女 - 浣女
淑女 (shūnǚ)游 女 港 女 (gǎngnǚ)烈女 (liènǚ)煙 花 女 /烟 花 女 (yānhuānǚ)熟 女 (shúnǚ)燕 女 父 女 (fùnǚ)牛女 狐 女 獨 生 女 /独 生 女 (dúshēngnǚ)玄女 (Xuánnǚ)王女 (wángnǚ)玉 女 (yùnǚ)生 兒 育 女 /生 儿育女 (shēng'éryùnǚ)生 男 育 女 甥 女 (shēngnǚ)男 唱女隨 /男 唱女随 男女 (nánnǚ)男 婚 女 嫁 男 婚 女 聘男 媒 女 妁男尊女卑 (nánzūnnǚbēi)男 左 女 右 (nánzuǒnǚyòu)男 歡女愛 /男 欢女爱 (nánhuānnǚ'ài)男 男女 女 (nánnánnǚnǚ)男 盜 女 娼/男 盗 女 娼 (nándàonǚchāng)男 耕 女 織 /男 耕 女 织 (nángēngnǚzhī)白 毛 女 相 女 配 夫 石女 (shínǚ)石女 山 (Shínǚshān)神 女 (shénnǚ)秀 女 秦 川 女 稚 女 童女 (tóngnǚ)節 女 /节女紅 女 /红女紅 男 綠 女 /红男绿女素 女 (Sùnǚ)納 女 /纳女- 綵女/
彩女 (cǎinǚ) 綠 女 紅 男 /绿女红男- 縊女/缢女 (yìnǚ)
織女 /织女 (zhīnǚ)繼 女 /继女 (jìnǚ)羅 剎女/罗刹女 美女 (měinǚ)美容 女 義 女 /义女 (yìnǚ)老女 老女 歸 宗 /老女 归宗聖女 貞德 /圣女贞德 (Shèngnǚ Zhēndé)舞 女 (wǔnǚ)茶花 女 薄命 女 處女 /处女蜑 女 蠶 女 /蚕 女 - 衒女
裸 女 貞女 /贞女 (zhēnnǚ)貧 女 分光 /贫女分光 貴女 /贵女- 賈女
香 /贾女香 賣 兒 鬻女/卖儿鬻女 (mài'éryùnǚ)越 女 農家 女 /农家女 逆 女 郎 才女 姿 郎 才女 貌- 鄰女窺牆/邻女窥墙
鄭 衛 之 女 /郑卫之 女 酒家 女 酒 托 女 醜女 效 顰 /丑 女 效 颦采女 (cǎinǚ)重男 輕 女 /重男 轻女 (zhòngnánqīngnǚ)鑑 湖 女 俠/鉴湖女 侠閨 女 /闺女- 陪唱
女 (péichàngnǚ) 青 女 - 靚女/靓女
靜 女 /静 女 養女 /养女 (yǎngnǚ)- 餪女/𫗬
女 - 鬻兒
賣女 /鬻儿卖女 魔女 (mónǚ)- 魯女
憂 葵 /鲁女忧葵 黃 花 女 /黄 花 女 (huánghuānǚ)點 繡女/点 绣女齊 女 /齐女龍 女 /龙女
Descendants
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nyù
- Wade–Giles: nü4
- Yale: nyù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niuh
- Palladius: нюй (njuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ny⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: neoi6
- Yale: neuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: noey6
- Guangdong Romanization: nêu6
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɵy̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: nrjoH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nraʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*nas/
Definitions
[edit]- † to give one's daughter in marriage; to give as wife
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Sòng Yōngshì nǜ yú Zhèng Zhuānggōng, yuē Yōng Jí. [Pinyin]
- The officer Yong of Song had married off a daughter, called Yong Ji [雍姞; Yong was the father's clan name (
氏 ); Ji the surname (姓 )] to duke Zhuang of Zheng.
宋 雍氏 女 於鄭 莊 公 ,曰雍姞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]宋 雍氏 女 于郑庄 公 ,曰雍姞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of (This character is a variant form of |
References
[edit]- “
女 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[6],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: にょ (nyo, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)←ぢよ (dyo, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: にょう (nyō, Jōyō †)
- Kun: おんな (onna,
女 , Jōyō)←をんな (wonna,女 , historical)←をみな (womina,女 , ancient)、め (me,女 , Jōyō)、おうな (ōna,女 )←をうな (wouna,女 , historical)、おな (ona,女 )←をな (wona,女 , historical)、おなあ (onā,女 )←をなあ (wonaa,女 , historical)、むすめ (musume,女 )、なんじ (nanji,女 )←なんぢ (nandi,女 , historical) - Nanori: おな (ona)、た (ta)、つき (tsuki)、な (na)
Compounds
[edit]女 王 (joō),女 王 (jōō),女 王 (nyoō, “queen”)女 医 (joi, “female doctor”)少 女 (shōjo, “young girl, style of anime for young women”)女 系 (jokei, “woman-succession; matrilineal”)女 傑 (joketsu, “brave woman”)女 権 (joken, “women's rights”)女 史 (joshi, “Ms.”)女 中 (jochū, “maid”)処 女 (shojo, “virgin, maiden”)女 子 (joshi, “girl”)女 児 (joji, “female infant”)女 神 (joshin)女 性 (josei, “woman”)女 声 (josei, “female voice”)女 婿 (josei),女 壻 (josei, “son-in-law”)女 帝 (jotei, “empress”)女 優 (joyū, “actress”)女 流 (joryū, “female”)女 郎 (jorō, “prostitute”)女 官 (nyokan, “court lady”)女 性 (nyoshō)女 将 (nyoshō, “mistress, hostess”)女 人 (nyonin, “woman”)女 房 (nyōbō, “wife”)悪 女 (akujo)王 女 (ōjo),王 女 (ōnyo, “princess”)皇 女 (ōjo)宮 女 (kyūjo)孝 女 (kōjo, “filial daughter”)工 女 (kōjo, “female worker”)皇 女 (kōjo, “imperial princess”)才 女 (saijo)子 女 (shijo)二 女 (jijo)次 女 (jijo)侍 女 (jijo)淑 女 (shukujo)信 女 (shinnyo)仙 女 (sennyo),仙 女 (senjo, “fairy, nymph, elf”)善 女 (zennyo)善 男 善 女 (zennan zennyo)
息 女 (sokujo, “daughter”, honorific)男 女 (danjo)男 尊 女 卑 (dansonjohi)痴 女 (chijo, “slut, female libertine”)長 女 (chōjo, “eldest daughter”)天 女 (tennyo)東 女 (tonjo)男 女 (nannyo)老 若 男 女 (rōnyaku nannyo)
美 女 (bijo, “beauty, belle”)本 女 (ponjo)魔 女 (majo, “witch”)遊 女 (yūjo)幼 女 (yōjo)養 女 (yōjo)老 女 (rōjo)女将 (okami)女形 (oyama)貴女 (anata)海女 (ama)瞽女 (goze)女衒 (zegen)侍女 (makatachi),従 女 (makatachi)巫女 (miko)皇女 (miko)湯女 (yuna)
Etymology 1
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
おんな Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
⟨womi1na⟩ → */womʲina/ → /womʉna/ → /wonːa/ → /onːa/
Shift from Old Japanese womina → omina. See the
Now one of the standard Japanese words for "a woman".
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a female person
- Antonym:
男 (otoko)
- Antonym:
- (specifically) a woman, an adult female
- Antonym:
男 (otoko)
- Antonym:
- a wife
- a mistress, concubine
- a maid
- a prostitute
- a woman's appearance or quality
- a feminine object
- the object in a pairing which is smaller, gentler, etc. than the other
- (vulgar) girlfriend
Derived terms
[edit]女 し (onnashi)女 親 (onnaoya, “female parent”)女 形 (onnagata, “male actor in female role of kabuki”)女 神 (onnagami)女 子 (onnago)女 心 (onna-gokoro, “woman's mind”)女 坂 (onnazaka)女 手 (onnade, “female worker”)女 友達 (onna tomodachi, “girlfriend, female friend”)男 女 (otoko-onna)彼女 (kanojo, “girlfriend”, literally “she”)下種 女 (gesu onna)雪 女 (yuki onna, “snowwoman”)
Idioms
[edit]Proverbs
[edit]女 氏 無 くして玉 の輿 に乗 る (onna ujinakushite tama no koshi ni noru)女 賢 しくて牛 売 り損 なう (onna sakashikute ushi urisokonau)女 三界 に家 なし (onna sangai ni ie nashi)女 三 人 寄 れば姦 しい (onna sannin yoreba kashimashī)女 の足 駄 にて造 れる笛 には秋 の鹿 寄 る (onna no ashida ni te tsukureru fue ni wa aki no shika yoru)女 の一念 岩 をも通 す (onna no ichinen iwa o mo tōsu)女 の髪 の毛 には大 象 も繫がる (onna no kami no ke ni wa taizō mo tsunagaru)
Etymology 2
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
おみな Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
⟨womi1na⟩ → */womʲina/ → /omina/
From Old Japanese.[4]
The initial /wo/ expressed "small, youth" and contrasted with /o/ "grown, old" (as in
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) おみな [òmíná] (Heiban – [0])[3][5]
- (Tokyo) おみな [óꜜmìnà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3][5]
- IPA(key): [o̞mʲina̠]
Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a female given name
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
め Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
⟨me1⟩ → */mʲe/ → /me/
From Old Japanese,[6] from Proto-Japonic *mia.
Appears to be distinct from
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a woman
- Antonym:
男 (o) 女 神 - megami
- goddess
- Antonym:
- a wife
- c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 3)[8]
- ...
女 の女 にあづけてやしなはす。- ...me no onna ni azukete yashinawasu.
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- ...
- c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 3)[8]
- a female
Usage notes
[edit]- Used more in compounds than on its own.
Derived terms
[edit]女 女 しい (memeshii),女 々しい (memeshii, “unmanly, effeminate, sissy”)姪 (mei, “niece”)夫婦 (meoto, “man and wife, married couple”)女 親 (meoya, “mother”, archaic)女 神 (megami, “goddess”)女 瓦 (megawara)女木 (megi, “female tree; lower or receiving piece of wood in a join”)女 君 (megimi): polite term for another person's wife or daughter女子 (meko, “woman and child; girl”)雌 (mesu),牝 (mesu, “female animal”)女 滝 (medaki): in a waterfall with two cataracts, the smaller of the two女 竹 (medake)娶 る (metoru, “get married”)女 波 (menami): the smaller waves婚 く (memaku, “get married”)女 の子 (me no ko, “girl; woman”)乳母 (menoto),傅 (menoto, “nanny; wetnurse; foster parent”)郎 女 (iratsume): (archaic) an ancient term of endearment for referring to a woman or girl- 浮かれ
女 (ukareme), 浮女 (ukareme, “female entertainer or prostitute”) 采 女 (uneme)乙 女 (otome, “maiden”)姑 (shūtome, “mother-in-law”)手 弱 女 (taoyame),手 弱 女 (tawayame)端 女 (hashitame, “servant girl”)姫 (hime, “princess”)日 孁 (hirume),日 霊 (hirume),日 女 (Hirume)娘 (musume, “daughter”)嫁 (yome, “bride”)
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
おうな Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
⟨womi1na⟩ → */womʲina/ → /womʉna/ → /woũna/ → /woːna/ → /oːna/
Variant shift from Old Japanese womina → omina (see above).
Noun
[edit]Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
おな Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
/wonːa/ → /wona/ → /ona/
Shift from onna (see above).
Noun
[edit]Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
おなあ Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
/wona/ → /wonaː/ → /onaː/
Long-pronounced form of ona (see above).
Noun
[edit]Etymology 7
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
じょ Grade: 1 |
kan'on |
/dɨo/ → /d͡ʑo/
From Middle Chinese
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a woman, especially an actress or a prostitute
Proper noun
[edit]- (Chinese astronomy) the Girl constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
Suffix
[edit]- (historical) suffixed to names of female figures in the Edo period
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “おんな[をんな] 【
女 】”, in日本 国語 大 辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN - ^ womina at OxFord-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 “おみな[をみな] 【
女 】”, in日本 国語 大 辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here - ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese mye”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[3]
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 “め 【
雌 ・女 ・牝 ・妻 】”, in日本 国語 大 辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here - ^ Horiuchi, Hideaki with Ken Akiyama (1997) Taketori Monogatari, Ise Monogatari, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ^ “じょ[ヂョ] 【
女 】”, in日本 国語 大 辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][5] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese
- Recorded as Middle Korean 녕〯 (Yale: nyě) in Dongguk Jeongun (
東國 正 韻 / 동국정운), 1448. - Recorded as Middle Korean 녕〮 (Yale: nyé) in Dongguk Jeongun (
東國 正 韻 / 동국정운), 1448. - Recorded as Middle Korean 녀 (nye)
訓 (Yale: nye) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙 字 會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 여체 (
女體 , yeoche) - 여인 (
女人 , yeoin) - 여자 (
女子 , yeoja) - 여장 (
女裝 , yeojang) - 여진 (
女 眞 , yeojin) - 여성 (
女性 , yeoseong) - 여신 (
女神 , yeosin) - 여왕 (
女王 , yeowang) - 여동생 (
女 同 生 , yeodongsaeng) - 여학생 (
女學生 , yeohaksaeng) - 차녀 (
次女 , chanyeo) - 창녀 (娼女, changnyeo)
- 처녀 (
處女 , cheonyeo) - 미녀 (
美女 , minyeo) - 손녀 (
孫 女 , sonnyeo) - 소녀 (
少女 , sonyeo) - 소녀 (
小女 , sonyeo) - 수녀 (
修女 , sunyeo) - 숙녀 (
淑女 , sungnyeo) - 양녀 (
養女 , yangnyeo) - 처녀막 (
處女 膜 , cheonyeomak) - 약혼녀 (
約 婚 女 , yakhonnyeo) - 남존여비 (
男尊女卑 , namjonyeobi) - 중남경녀 (
重男 輕 女 , jungnamgyeongnyeo)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese
Hanja
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 字典 . [7]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
- chữ Hán form of nữ (“female”).
- Nôm form of nhớ (“to remember, to miss”).
- Nôm form of nỡ (“to be willing”).
- Nôm form of nữa (“furthermore”).
- Nôm form of nợ (“to owe; debt”).
- Nôm form of nửa (“half”).
Compounds
[edit]宮 女 (cung nữ)腐 女 (hủ nữ)閨 女 (khuê nữ)- 嬌女 (kiều nữ)
- 伎女 (kỹ nữ)
烈女 (liệt nữ)魔女 (ma nữ)美女 (mĩ nữ)男女 (nam nữ)男女 授受 不 親 (nam nữ thụ thụ bất thân)男 清 女 秀 (nam thanh nữ tú)男 食 如虎,女 食 如貓 (nam thực như hổ, nữ thực như miêu)男尊女卑 (nam tôn nữ ti)玉 女 (ngọc nữ)一 男 曰有,一女 曰無 (nhất nam viết hữu, thập nữ viết vô)兒女 (nhi nữ)女 眞 (Nữ Chân)女 正 (nữ chính)女工 (nữ công)女 界 (nữ giới)女 皇 (nữ hoàng)女郎 (nữ lang)女流 (nữ lưu)女 儿 (nữ nhi)女 娲 (Nữ Oa)女權 (nữ quyền)女 士 (nữ sĩ)女 生 (nữ sinh)女神 (nữ thần)女性 (nữ tính)女 妝 (nữ trang)女子 (nữ tử)女將 (nữ tướng)女王 (nữ vương)婦女 (phụ nữ)士 女 (sĩ nữ)侍女 (thị nữ)少女 (thiếu nữ)- 庶女 (thứ nữ)
淑女 (thục nữ)- 賤女 (tiện nữ)
信女 (tín nữ)素 女 (tố nữ)孫 女 (Tôn Nữ)貞女 (trinh nữ)重男 輕 女 (trọng nam khinh nữ)長女 (trưởng nữ)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Trần (2004).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Bonet (1899).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Génibrel (1898).
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Hồ (1976).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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