雌めす

雌めす U+96CC, 雌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96CC ← 雋 [U+96CB] CJK Unified Ideographs 雍 → [U+96CD]

Translingual

Han character

雌めす (Kangxi radical 172, 隹ふるとり+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜ぼく一いち心しん人じん土ど (YMPOG), four-corner 2011₄, composition ⿰此隹ふるとり)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1366, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41998
• Dae Jaweon: page 1871, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4098, character 18
• Unihan data for U+96CC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		雌めす
alternative forms		䳄／𲍵

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 雌めす
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (此) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
些	*saːls, *sjaːl, *seːs
跐	*ʔsreːʔ, *ʔseʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ʔsreʔ
柴しば	*zreː
祡	*zreː
茈	*zreː, *ʔseʔ, *ze
眦まなじり	*zreːs
砦とりで	*zraːds
寨	*zraːds, *slɯːɡ
啙	*ʔseː, *zeːʔ, *ʔseʔ
泚	*sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ
玼	*sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ze
皉	*sʰeːʔ
鮆	*zeːʔ, *ʔse
眥	*zeːs, *zes
貲	*ʔse
髭ひげ	*ʔse
頾	*ʔse
訾	*ʔse, *ʔseʔ
鴜	*ʔse, *ze
鈭	*ʔse, *sʰe
姕	*ʔse, *sʰe, *ze
觜	*ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ
紫むらさき	*ʔseʔ
訿	*ʔseʔ
呰	*ʔseʔ
嘴くちばし	*ʔseʔ
雌めす	*sʰe
此	*sʰeʔ
佌	*sʰeʔ, *seʔ
庛	*sʰes
疵きず	*ze
骴	*ze, *zes
胔	*ze, *zes
飺	*ze
齜	*ʔsre

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *sʰe) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 隹ふるとり.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): cí, cī

  (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ, ㄘ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ci²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ci¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): du¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̂
• Jin (Wiktionary): ci¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): chĭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhû / chhîr / chhî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ce⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tshy
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cr¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cí
    • Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²
    • Yale: tsź
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
    • Palladius: цы (cy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cī
    • Zhuyin: ㄘ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cih
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ¹
    • Yale: tsz̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsy
    • Palladius: цы (cy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ci²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: c
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ci¹
    • Yale: chī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: du¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̂
    • Hakka Romanization System: cii^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ci¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ²⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ci¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhû
    • Tâi-lô: tshû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhuu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sʰu²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰu¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰu²³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhîr
    • Tâi-lô: tshîr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɯ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhî
    • Tâi-lô: tshî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chii
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ce⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tshy
    • MiniDict: tshy^平ひらた
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tshr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: cr¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tshje

Rime
Character	雌めす
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	清きよし (14)
Final (韻いん)	支ささえ (11)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	此移うつり切きり
Baxter	tshje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰiə̆/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰie/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰe/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雌めす
Reading #	1/1
No.	1721
Phonetic component	此
Rime group	支ささえ
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	雌めす
Old Chinese	/*sʰe/

Definitions

雌めす

1. (formal) female (describing animals and plants)

   • 其在ざい鳥とり則のり雄ゆう為ため陽ひ雌めす為ため陰かげ；……。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     其在ざい鸟则雄ゆう为阳雌めす为阴；……。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Shuoyuan, circa 1^st century BCE

     Qí zài niǎo zé xióng wèi yáng cí wéi yīn;....... [Pinyin]

     Among birds, males are yang and females are yin; [...].

2. (literary) weak; delicate

Usage notes

• Commonly used for animals and plants to mean "female" in academic contexts, less commonly used in non-academic contexts (use "母はは" instead), and not used for humans (use "女おんな" instead). For example:

  母はは雞／母はは鸡  ―  mǔjī  ―  hen

  母はは牛うし  ―  mǔniú  ―  cow

Synonyms

• (weak):

edit

• 冉弱 (rǎnruò) (literary)
• 單たん薄すすき／单薄 (dānbó)
• 孤こ單たん／孤こ单 (gūdān)
• 孱弱 (chánruò) (literary)
• 弱じゃく (ruò)
• 微弱びじゃく (wēiruò)
• 柔弱にゅうじゃく (róuruò)
• 瘦弱 (shòuruò)
• 瘦瘠 (shòují)
• 羸弱るいじゃく (léiruò)
• 脆弱ぜいじゃく (cuìruò)
• 荏弱 (Hokkien)
• 薄弱はくじゃく (bóruò)
• 虛弱きょじゃく／虚弱きょじゃく (xūruò)
• 虛きょ荏／虚きょ荏 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 虛きょ虧／虚きょ亏 (xūkuī)
• 虧弱／亏弱 (kuīruò)
• 衰弱すいじゃく (shuāiruò)
• 軟弱なんじゃく／软弱 (ruǎnruò)
• 軟蔫蔫／软蔫蔫 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 軟䭕／软𬲕 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 體からだ弱じゃく／体からだ弱じゃく (tǐruò)

 

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “female”): 雄ゆう (xióng, “male”)

Compounds

• 一決いっけつ雌雄しゆう／一いち决雌雄しゆう (yījuécíxióng)
• 不ふ甘あま雌伏しふく
• 不ふ雌めす不ふ雄ゆう
• 伏ふく雌めす
• 信しん口こう雌めす黃き／信しん口こう雌めす黄き (xìnkǒucíhuáng)
• 口中くちじゅう雌めす黃き／口中くちじゅう雌めす黄き
• 執と雌めす／执雌
• 妄下雌めす黃き／妄下雌めす黄き
• 妄下雌めす黄き
• 孀雌
• 孤こ雌めす
• 孤こ雌めす寡鶴／孤こ雌めす寡鹤
• 孤こ雌めす生殖せいしょく (gūcí shēngzhí)
• 守まもり雌めす
• 屁へ雌めす寡淡
• 山やま雌めす
• 思おもえ歸き其雌／思おもえ归其雌めす
• 慈雌
• 月つき雌めす
• 柔やわら雌めす
• 決けつ一いち雌雄しゆう／决一雌雄しゆう
• 決けつ雌雄しゆう／决雌雄しゆう (jué cíxióng)
• 烏がらす之の雌雄しゆう／乌之雌雄しゆう
• 知雄ともお守もり雌めす
• 羈雌／羁雌
• 群ぐん雌めす粥かゆ粥かゆ
• 英えい雌めす (yīngcí)
• 雄お唱雌和わ
• 雄お雌めす
• 雌めす一いち頭とう灰はい／雌めす一いち头灰
• 雌めす三さん醇あつし (císānchún)
• 雌めす二に醇あつし (cí'èrchún)
• 雌伏しふく
• 雌めす兒じ／雌めす儿
• 雌めす劍けん／雌めす剑
• 雌めす劣れつ
• 雌めす呿雄吟ぎん
• 雌めす啞／雌めす哑
• 雌めす嘴くちばし
• 雌めす堂どう
• 雌めす威い
• 雌めす字じ
• 雌めす守もり
• 雌めす弱じゃく
• 雌めす心こころ
• 雌めす性せい (cíxìng)
• 雌めす懦
• 雌めす搭
• 雌めす沒ぼつ答こたえ樣さま／雌めす没ぼつ答こたえ样
• 雌めす漢かん／雌めす汉
• 雌めす牙きば扭嘴
• 雌めす牙きば扮ふん齒ぱ／雌めす牙きば扮ふん齿
• 雌めす牙きば裂きれ嘴くちばし
• 雌めす牙きば露ろ嘴くちばし
• 雌めす牙きば鬼おに
• 雌めす獅／雌めす狮
• 雌めす甲かぶと
• 雌めす視し／雌めす视
• 雌竹めだけ
• 雌めす答こたえ
• 雌めす節ぶし／雌めす节
• 雌めす絃／雌めす弦つる
• 雌めす老ろう虎とら
• 雌めす聲ごえ／雌めす声ごえ
• 雌花めばな (cíhuā)
• 雌蕊めしべ (círuǐ)
• 雌めす虹にじ
• 雌めす蜂はち
• 雌めす蜺
• 雌めす貨／雌めす货
• 雌めす遜へりくだ／雌めす逊
• 雌雄しゆう (cíxióng)
• 雌雄しゆう劍けん／雌雄しゆう剑
• 雌雄しゆう同どう株かぶ
• 雌雄しゆう同體どうたい／雌雄しゆう同体どうたい (cíxióng tóng tǐ)
• 雌雄しゆう未決みけつ／雌雄しゆう未み决
• 雌雄しゆう樹じゅ／雌雄しゆう树
• 雌雄しゆう異い株かぶ／雌雄しゆう异株
• 雌雄しゆう異體いたい／雌雄しゆう异体
• 雌雄しゆう莫辨
• 雌めす雌めす
• 雌めす雉啼
• 雌めす雞報曉あかつき／雌めす鸡报晓
• 雌めす雷かみなり
• 雌めす霓
• 雌めす霓之誦／雌めす霓之诵
• 雌めす風ふう／雌めす风
• 雌めす黃き／雌めす黄き (cíhuáng)
• 鬼おに雌めす
• 鳴な雌めす／鸣雌

 

References

• “雌めす”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

雌めす

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: め (me, 雌めす, Jōyō)、めす (mesu, 雌めす, Jōyō)、めん (men, 雌めす)

Compounds

Compounds

• 雌花めばな(しか) (shika)
• 雌めす(し)蕊しべ(ずい) (shizui)
• 雌めす(し)性せい(せい) (shisei)
• 雌めす(し)伏ふく(ふく) (shifuku)
• 雌雄しゆう(しゆう) (shiyū)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
雌めす
めす Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
牝めす

First cited to 1867.

The initial me- is the same me component seen in many terms referring to senses of "female". The final -su portion is of uncertain derivation.

The kanji as used originally in Chinese and in older Japanese with the on'yomi of shi referred more specifically to female birds. If the term mesu is much older than the 1800s, the final -su portion may be the ancient morpheme that appears in various names for types of bird, such as 烏がらす (karasu, “crow”) or 鶯うぐいす (uguisu, “bush warbler”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) めす [mèsúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [me̞sɨ]

Noun

雌めす(めす) or 雌めす(メス) • (mesu) 

1. a female (plant or animal)
2. (vulgar) a female person; bitch
3. an internal socket

Antonyms

• 雄ゆう(おす) (osu, “male”)

Derived terms

• 雌めす(めす)黒くろ(ぐろ)豹ひょう(ひょう)紋もん(もん) (mesugurohyōmon): the Argynnis sagana, a type of butterfly

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
雌めす
め Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
牝めす

Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

From Old Japanese 女おんな (me, “woman”). This spelling is used exclusively for non-human contexts.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) め [méꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [me̞]

Noun

雌めす(め) • (me) 

1. a female (plant or animal)

   Antonym: 雄ゆう (o)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 雌めす(め)牛うし(うし) (meushi)
• 雌めす(メ)刈萱かるかや(ガルカヤ) (megarukaya)
• 雌めす羊歯しだ(メシダ) (meshida)
• 雌めす(め)蕊しべ(しべ) (meshibe)
• 雌めす宝たから香かおり(メタカラコウ) (metakarakō)
• 雌めす(め)滝たき(だき) (medaki)
• 雌めす(め)鳥とり(とり) (metori), 雌めす(め)鳥とり(どり) (medori)
• 雌めす螺子ねじ(めねじ) (meneji)
• 雌めす(め)花はな(ばな) (mebana)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
雌めす
めん Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
牝めす

First cited to 1839.

/me no/ → /men/

From fusion of 雌めす (me, “female plant or animal”) + の (no, “possessive particle”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) めん [mèń] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) めん [méꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [mẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

雌めす(めん) • (men) 

1. a female (plant or animal)

   Antonym: 雄ゆう (on)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
雌めす
し Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 雌めす (MC tshje).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕi]

Affix

雌めす(し) • (shi) 

1. female (plant or animal)

   Antonym: 雄ゆう (yū)

2. effeminate

Korean

Hanja

雌めす • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese

Alternative forms

• (female animal): 牝めす

Etymology

Extension of 女おんな (me₁, “woman”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

雌めす (me₁) (kana め)

1. female (plant or animal)

Derived terms

• 雌鳥めんどり (me₁do₂ri)

Descendants

• Japanese: 雌めす (め, me)

Vietnamese

Han character

雌めす: Hán Nôm readings: thư

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.