COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019; (COVID-19)
Other names	COVID, (the) coronavirus
	Transmission and life-cycle of SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19.
Pronunciation	/kəˈroʊnəvaɪrəs/; /ˌkoʊvɪdnaɪnˈtiːn, ˌkɒvɪd-/; ;
Specialty	Infectious disease
Symptoms	Fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, vomiting, loss of taste or smell; some cases asymptomatic
Complications	Pneumonia, viral sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, kidney failure, cytokine release syndrome, respiratory failure, pulmonary fibrosis, paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, long COVID
Usual onset	2–14 days (typically 5) from infection
Duration	5 days to chronic
Causes	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Diagnostic method	[[Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction\|rRTPang-bô͘:NbhyphPCR testing]], CT scan, Rapid antigen test
Prevention	Vaccination, face coverings, quarantine, physical/social distancing, ventilation, hand washing
Treatment	Symptomatic and supportive
Frequency	159,845,155 confirmed cases
Deaths	3,321,212

COVID-19, choân-miâ 2019 koan-chōng pēⁿ-to̍k pēⁿ (2019冠狀かんじょう病毒びょうどく病びょう^[7]), sī chi̍t-chióng ho͘-khip hē-thóng siū kám-jiám ê kip-sèng thoân-jiám-pēⁿ, pēⁿ-gôan sī SARS-CoV-2. Chia pēⁿ hō͘ Tiong-kok koaⁿ-hong chiām-sî kiò chò 2019 sin-hêng koan-chōng pēⁿ-to̍k hì-iām (2019新型しんがた冠狀かんじょう病毒びょうどく肺炎はいえん)^[8], Tâi-oân chiong i kiò chò giâm-tiōng te̍k-sû thoân-jiám-sèng hì-iām (嚴重げんじゅう特殊とくしゅ傳染でんせん性せい肺炎はいえん)^[9]. Mā thang kiò chò Bú-hàn hì-iām (武漢ぶかん肺炎はいえん)^[10].

Miâ-chheng

COVID-19, sī chi̍t-chióng ē chō-sêng giâm-tiōng thoân-jiám-pēⁿ ê pēⁿ-to̍k, it-poaⁿ hō-chò "coronavirus(Eng-gí)" á-sī Bú-hàn hì-iām,^[11]^[12] phó͘-phiàn lán jīn-ûi che pēⁿ-to̍k chū khai-sí thoân-jiám sī hoat-seng tī Tiong-kok Bú-hàn, hì-iām sī lâng khì hō͘ òe tio̍h liáu-āu ê chú-iàu chèng-thâu, só͘-í che pēⁿ hō͘-lâng hō-chò Bú-hàn hì-iām. Chit-khoán kin-kù tē-miâ lâi kah pēⁿ-to̍k kap pēⁿ-chèng hō-miâ ê hong-sek, chū-chá kàu-taⁿ iā bē chió, phì-lūn kóng lán ū Se-pan-gâ Lâng-un,^[13] Tiong-tang Hì-kńg Thoân-jiám-pēⁿ(MERS), Chi-kah Pēⁿ-to̍k(Zika virus). M̄-ko, tī 2020 nî chiàⁿ-goe̍h, Sè-kài Ōe-seng Cho͘-chit kong-khai piáu-sī, ūi-tio̍h phiah-bián siā-hōe gō͘-kái, phah pháiⁿ Tiong-kok miâ-siaⁿ, kiàn-gī mài sú-iōng ū tōng-bu̍t miâ, tē-miâ, cho̍k-kûn miâ chit-lūi ê miâ-chheng, kái-iōng hit-ê pēⁿ-to̍k ê ha̍k-su̍t miâ-chheng.^[14]^[15]^[16]

Chèng-thâu

Koh khoàⁿ

Chham-khó chu-liāu

↑ "Covid-19". Oxford English Dictionary (Online pán.). Oxford University Press. April 2020. 15 April 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
↑ "Symptoms of Coronavirus". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 13 May 2020. goân-loē-iông tī 17 June 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 18 June 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)". World Health Organization (WHO). 17 April 2020. goân-loē-iông tī 14 May 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 14 May 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "COVID-19 vaccines". World Health Organization (WHO). 3 March 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Talic S, Shah S, Wild H, Gasevic D, Maharaj A, Ademi Z, et al. (November 2021). "Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 375: e068302. doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-068302. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 34789505 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 "COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU)". ArcGIS. Johns Hopkins University. 12 May 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ 世よ卫组织总干ひ事ごと在ざい2020年ねん2月がつ11日にち举行的てき2019新型しんがた冠状かんじょう病毒びょうどく新しん闻通报会上じょう的てき讲话
↑ 中国ちゅうごく国家こっか卫生健康けんこう委い员会 (2020-02-07). "国家こっか卫生健康けんこう委い关于新型しんがた冠状かんじょう病毒びょうどく肺炎はいえん暂命名めいめい事ごと宜むべ的てき通知つうち" (ēng Hôa-gí). Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-02-16. 2020-02-08 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ 衛生えいせい福利ふくり部ぶ疾病しっぺい管制かんせい署しょ. "嚴重げんじゅう特殊とくしゅ傳染でんせん性せい肺炎はいえん Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens". 附つけ件けん-嚴重げんじゅう特殊とくしゅ傳染でんせん性せい肺炎はいえん病びょう例れい定義ていぎ及採檢けん送おく驗けん注意ちゅうい事項じこう-0131修訂しゅうてい (ēng Hôa-gí). 衛生えいせい福利ふくり部ぶ疾病しっぺい管制かんせい署しょ. goân-loē-iông tī 2020-03-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 2020-03-17 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "武漢ぶかん肺炎はいえん》2週しゅう內第5人にん不治ふち！武漢ぶかん華中かちゅう科か大だい41歲さい教授きょうじゅ病びょう逝" (ēng Hôa-gí). 自由時報じゆうじほう. 2020-02-20.
↑ https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/01/24/799208865/a-second-u-s-case-of-wuhan-coronavirus-is-confirmed
↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/02/health/coronavirus-pandemic-china.html
↑ https://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6357/1245
↑ https://www.todayonline.com/world/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-named-covid-19-who
↑ https://www.economist.com/china/2020/02/17/the-coronavirus-spreads-racism-against-and-among-ethnic-chinese
↑ https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/163636/WHO_HSE_FOS_15.1_eng.pdf

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat

Nextstrain/ncov/global

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.

[1] "Covid-19". Oxford English Dictionary (Online pán.). Oxford University Press. April 2020. 15 April 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

[CDC2020Sym-2] "Symptoms of Coronavirus". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 13 May 2020. goân-loē-iông tī 17 June 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 18 June 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[WHO2020QA-3] "Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)". World Health Organization (WHO). 17 April 2020. goân-loē-iông tī 14 May 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. 14 May 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[4] "COVID-19 vaccines". World Health Organization (WHO). 3 March 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.

[Talic2021-5] Talic S, Shah S, Wild H, Gasevic D, Maharaj A, Ademi Z, et al. (November 2021). "Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 375: e068302. doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-068302. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 34789505 Check |pmid= value (help). Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)

[JHU_ticker-6] 6.0 ^6.1 "COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU)". ArcGIS. Johns Hopkins University. 12 May 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.

[7] 世よ卫组织总干ひ事ごと在ざい2020年ねん2月がつ11日にち举行的てき2019新型しんがた冠状かんじょう病毒びょうどく新しん闻通报会上じょう的てき讲话

[8] 中国ちゅうごく国家こっか卫生健康けんこう委い员会 (2020-02-07). "国家こっか卫生健康けんこう委い关于新型しんがた冠状かんじょう病毒びょうどく肺炎はいえん暂命名めいめい事ごと宜むべ的てき通知つうち" (ēng Hôa-gí). Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2020-02-16. 2020-02-08 khòaⁿ--ê.

[9] 衛生えいせい福利ふくり部ぶ疾病しっぺい管制かんせい署しょ. "嚴重げんじゅう特殊とくしゅ傳染でんせん性せい肺炎はいえん Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens". 附つけ件けん-嚴重げんじゅう特殊とくしゅ傳染でんせん性せい肺炎はいえん病びょう例れい定義ていぎ及採檢けん送おく驗けん注意ちゅうい事項じこう-0131修訂しゅうてい (ēng Hôa-gí). 衛生えいせい福利ふくり部ぶ疾病しっぺい管制かんせい署しょ. goân-loē-iông tī 2020-03-17 hőng khó͘-pih. 2020-03-17 khòaⁿ--ê.

[10] "武漢ぶかん肺炎はいえん》2週しゅう內第5人にん不治ふち！武漢ぶかん華中かちゅう科か大だい41歲さい教授きょうじゅ病びょう逝" (ēng Hôa-gí). 自由時報じゆうじほう. 2020-02-20.

[11] ttps://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/01/24/799208865/a-second-u-s-case-of-wuhan-coronavirus-is-confirmed

[12] ttps://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/02/health/coronavirus-pandemic-china.html

[13] ttps://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6357/1245

[14] ttps://www.todayonline.com/world/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-named-covid-19-who

[15] ttps://www.economist.com/china/2020/02/17/the-coronavirus-spreads-racism-against-and-among-ethnic-chinese

[16] ttps://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/163636/WHO_HSE_FOS_15.1_eng.pdf

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