舌した形がた動物どうぶつ類るい

舌した形がた亞あ綱つな; 化石かせき时期：511–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N 寒さむ武紀たけのり-現代げんだい
	一いち隻せき雌めす性せい的てきLinguatula serrata
科学かがく分ぶん类
界さかい：	动物界かい Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门：	甲殼こうかく亞あ門もん Crustacea
纲：	魚介ぎょかい形がた綱つな Ichthyostraca
亚纲：	舌した形がた亞あ綱つな Pentastomida; Diesing（英えい语：K. M. Diesing）, 1836
目め
	頭あたま行ぎょう目め Cephalobaenida; 孔あな头舌虫むし目め Porocephalida; Raillietiellida; Reighardiida;

舌した形がた动物類るい（學名がくめい：Pentastomida），又また称たたえ五ご口くち动物類るい，是ぜ动物界かい的てき一いち个分類ぶんるい。属ぞく于無む脊椎動物せきついどうぶつ，介かい乎於环节动物和わ节肢动物之これ间，均ひとし為ため寄生きせい性せい動物どうぶつ。其特徵ちょう是ぜ体たい软、扁ひらた而长，无色，透明とうめい，无足。身長しんちょう從したがえ數すう毫米到いた十じゅう數すう厘りん米まい，体からだ表ひょう分ぶん近きん百个清晰的节段，内部ないぶ却并不ふ分ぶん节。舌した形がた動物どうぶつ均ひとし為ため雌雄しゆう异体的てき專せん性せい寄生きせい物ぶつ^[2]：牠們的てき身體しんたい没ぼつ有ゆう呼吸こきゅう系けい统、排泄はいせつ系けい统（英えい语：Excretory system）和わ循环系けい统，虫むし体たい前ぜん端はし口こう部ぶ突出とっしゅつ，呈てい椭圆形がた，周しゅう围有兩りょう對たい可か伸しん缩的钩，用よう以附着ふちゃく在ざい寄よせ主ぬし组织上じょう。本ほん物種ものだね的てき名稱めいしょう是ぜ因いん為ため從したがえ其部分ぶぶん物種ものだね的てき外そと型がた酷似こくじ脊椎動物せきついどうぶつ的てき舌頭ぜっとう，因いん而為名めい；而其學名がくめい及另一いち名稱めいしょう「五ご口くち動物どうぶつ」的てき來らい源げん，則のり是ぜ因いん為ため其口器き的てき五ご個こ鈎かぎ，好こう像ぞう有ゆう五ご個口こぐち一いち樣よう，因いん而為名めい。這五ご個こ「鈎かぎ」，其實只ただ有ゆう一いち個こ是ぜ真しん的てき口器こうき、其餘四よん個こ只ただ是ぜ顎あご足あし。過か往由於對本ほん分類ぶんるい物種ものだね的てき分類ぶんるい不明ふめい，單たん單たん從したがえ外形がいけい來らい判斷はんだん，所以ゆえん將はた其歸類るい到いた門もん一いち層そう。後來こうらい到いた了りょう2001年ねん，研究けんきゅう證據しょうこ顯示けんじ五口動物實為退化了的寄生性節肢動物，本ほん物種ものだね生物せいぶつ跟其他た物種ものだね的てき關係かんけい得え到いた確認かくにん，所以ゆえん被ひ降くだ至いたり歸き入にゅう成なり為ため顎あご足あし綱つな的てき一員いちいん，是ぜ為ため舌した形がた亞あ綱つな^[3]。隨ずい著ちょ顎あご足あし動物どうぶつ的てき分類ぶんるい被ひ重じゅう組ぐみ，舌した形がた亞あ綱つな亦また被ひ重じゅう新しん分類ぶんるい，成なり為ため了りょう寡甲總そう綱つな魚介ぎょかい形がた綱つな的てき成員せいいん^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]。

現時げんじ本ほん分類ぶんるい有ゆう物種ものだね約やく130個こ^[8]，皆みな為ため被ひ動どう式しき寄生きせい物ぶつ，其部分ぶぶん解剖かいぼう結果けっか為ため退化たいか性せい。成年せいねん的てき舌した蟲むし長ちょう約やく1至いたり14厘りん米まい（0.4至いたり5.5英えい寸すん），多數たすう於宿主しゅくしゅ的てき呼吸こきゅう系統けいとう黏付着ふちゃく。

分類ぶんるい

以下いか為ため这是马丁和わ戴维斯在2001年ねん成立せいりつ的てき分ぶん类^[9]，将はた五口动物置于甲きのえ壳亚门顎あご足あし綱つな。以下いか包含ほうがん现存的てき目め、超ちょう科か、科か、属ぞく和わ种^[1]：

Female (right) and male (left) *Armillifer sp.*

頭あたま行ぎょう目め Cephalobaenida Heymons, 1935

Cephalobaenidae Heymons, 1922

Cephalobaena Heymons, 1922

Cephalobaena tetrapoda Heymons, 1922

孔あな头舌虫むし目め Porocephalida^[10]

Linguatuloidea

Linguatulidae Haldeman, 1851

Linguatula Frölich, 1789

Linguatula arctica Riley, Haugerud & Nilssen, 1987
Linguatula multiannulata Haffner & Rack in Haffner, Rack & Sachs, 1969
Linguatula recurvata (Diesing, 1850)
Linguatula serrata Frölich, 1789

Neolinguatula Haffner & Rack in Haffner, Rack & Sachs, 1969

Neolinguatula nuttalli (Sambon, 1922)

Subtriquetridae Fain, 1961

Subtriquetra Sambon, 1922

Subtriquetra megacephalum (Baird, 1853)
Subtriquetra rileyi Junker, Boomker & Booyse, 1998
Subtriquetra shipleyi Hett, 1924
Subtriquetra subtriquetra (Diesing, 1836)

孔あな頭あたま舌した蟲ちゅう總そう科か Porocephaloidea

孔あな头舌虫むし科か Porocephalidae Sambon, 1922

舌した蟲ちゅう屬ぞく Armillifer Sambon, 1922

Armillifer aborealis Riley & Self, 1981
Armillifer agkistrodontis Self & Kuntz, 1966
Armillifer armillatus (Wyman, 1845)
Armillifer australis Heymons, 1935
Armillifer grandis (Hett, 1915)
Armillifer mazzai (Sambon, 1922)
Armillifer moniliformis (Diesing, 1836)
Armillifer yoshidai Kishida, 1928

Cubirea Kishida, 1928

Cubirea annulata (Baird, 1853)
Cubirea pomeroyi (Woodland, 1921)

Elenia Heymons, 1932

Elenia australis Heymons, 1932

Gigliolella Chabaud & Choquet, 1954

Gigliolella brumpti (Giglioli, 1922)

Kiricephalus Sambon, 1922

Kiricephalus clelii Riley & Self, 1980
Kiricephalus coarctatus (Diesing, 1850)
Kiricephalus constrictor Riley & Self, 1980
Kiricephalus gabonensis Riley & Self, 1980
Kiricephalus pattoni (Stephens, 1908)
Kiricephalus tortus (Shipley, 1898)

Parasambonia Stunkard & Gandal, 1968

Parasambonia bridgesi Stunkard & Gandal, 1968
Parasambonia minor Riley & Self, 1982

Porocephalus Humboldt, 1812

Porocephalus basiliscus Riley & Self, 1979
Porocephalus benoiti Fain, 1960
Porocephalus bifurcatus
Porocephalus clavatus (Wyman, 1845)
Porocephalus crotali Humboldt, 1812
Porocephalus dominicana Riley & Walters, 1980
Porocephalus stilesi Sambon in Vaney & Sambon, 1910
Porocephalus subuliferum (Leuckart, 1860)
Porocephalus taiwana Qiu, Ma, Fan & Lu, 2005
Porocephalus tortugensis Riley & Self, 1979

Waddycephalus Sambon, 1922

Waddycephalus calligaster Riley & Self, 1981
Waddycephalus komodoensis Riley & Self, 1981
Waddycephalus longicauda Riley & Self, 1981
Waddycephalus porphyriacus Riley & Self, 1981
Waddycephalus punctulatus Riley & Self, 1981
Waddycephalus radiata Riley & Self, 1981
Waddycephalus scutata Riley & Self, 1981
Waddycephalus superbus Riley & Self, 1981
Waddycephalus teretiusculus (Baird, 1862)
Waddycephalus vitiensis Heymons, 1932

Sebekidae Sambon, 1922

Alofia Giglioli in Sambon, 1922

Alofia ginae Giglioli in Sambon, 1922
Alofia indica (von Linstow, 1906)
Alofia merki Giglioli 'in Sambon, 1922
Alofia nilotici Riley & Huchzermeyer, 1995
Alofia parva Riley & Huchzermeyer, 1995
Alofia platycephalum (Lohrmann, 1889)
Alofia simpsoni Riley, 1994
Alofia travassosi (Heymons, 1932)

Diesingia Sambon, 1922

Diesingia kachugensis (Shipley, 1910)
Diesingia megastomum (Diesing, 1836)

Selfia Riley, 1994

Selfia porosus Riley, 1994

Leiperia Sambon, 1922

Leiperia australiensis Riley & Huchzermeyer, 1996
Leiperia cincinnalis (Sambon in Vaney & Sambon, 1910)
Leiperia gracilis (Diesing, 1836)

Sambonia Noc & Giglioli, 1922

Sambonia clavata (Lohrmann, 1889)
Sambonia parapodum Self & Kuntz, 1966
Sambonia solomenensis (Self & Kuntz, 1957)
Sambonia varani (Self & Kuntz, 1957)
Sambonia wardi (Sambon in Vaney & Sambon, 1910)

Agema Riley et al., 1997

Agema silvaepalustris Riley et al., 1997

Pelonia Junker & Boomker, 2002

Pelonia africana Junker & Boomker, 2002

Sebekia Sambon, 1922

Sebekia cesarisi Giglioli in Sambon, 1922
Sebekia divestei Giglioli in Sambon, 1922
Sebekia johnstoni Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990
Sebekia microhamus Self & Rego, 1985
Sebekia minor (Wedl, 1861)
Sebekia mississippiensis Overstreet, Self & Vliet, 1985
Sebekia multiannulata Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990
Sebekia novaeguineae Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990
Sebekia okavangoensis Riley & Huchzermeyer, 1995
Sebekia oxycephalum (Diesing, 1836)
Sebekia purdieae Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990
Sebekia trinitatis Riley, Spratt & Winch, 1990

Raillietiellida Almeida & Christoffersen, 1999

Raillietiellidae Sambon, 1922

Raillietiella Sambon, 1910

Raillietiella aegypti Ali, Riley & Self, 1982
Raillietiella affinis Bovien, 1927
Raillietiella agcoi Tubangui & Masiluñgan, 1936
Raillietiella ampanihyensis Gretillat, Brygoo & Domergue, 1962
Raillietiella amphiboluri Mahon, 1954
Raillietiella belohaensis McAllister, Riley, Freed & Freed, 1993
Raillietiella bicaudata Heymons & Vitzthum, 1935
Raillietiella boulengeri (Vaney & Sambon, 1910)
Raillietiella bufonis Ali, Riley & Self, 1982
Raillietiella cartagenensis Ali, Riley & Self, 1985
Raillietiella chamaeleonis Gretillat & Brygoo, 1959
Raillietiella colubrilineati (Leuckart, 1860)
Raillietiella congolensis Fain, 1961
Raillietiella crotali Ali, Riley & Self, 1984
Raillietiella freitasi (Motta & Gomes, 1968)
Raillietiella furcocercum (Diesing, 1836)
Raillietiella gehyrae Bovien, 1927
Raillietiella gigliolii Hett, 1924
Raillietiella gowrii Rajalu & Rajendran, 1970
Raillietiella hebitihamata Self & Kuntz, 1960
Raillietiella hemidactyli Hett, 1934
Raillietiella indica Gedoelst, 1921
Raillietiella kochi Heymons, 1926
Raillietiella mabuiae Heymons, 1922
Raillietiella maculatus Rao & Hiregaudar, 1962
Raillietiella maculilabris Ali, Riley & Self, 1984
Raillietiella madagascariensis McAllister et al., 1993
Raillietiella mediterranea (Hett, 1915)
Raillietiella monarchus Ali, Riley & Self, 1984
Raillietiella morenoi Abreu-Acosta et al., 2006
Raillietiella mottae Almeida, Freire & Lopes, 2008
Raillietiella namibiensis Riley & Heideman 1998
Raillietiella orientalis (Hett, 1915)
Raillietiella piscator Nair, 1967
Raillietiella rileyi Krishnasamy et al., 1995
Raillietiella schoutedeni Fain, 1960
Raillietiella scincoides Ali, Riley & Self, 1984
Raillietiella spiralis Hett, 1924
Raillietiella teagueselfi Riley, McAllister & Freed, 1988
Raillietiella tetrapoda (Gretillat, Brygoo & Domergue, 1962)
Raillietiella trachea Riley, Oaks & Gilbert, 2003
Raillietiella venteli (Motta, 1965)

Yelirella Spratt, 2010

Yelirella petauri (Spratt, 2010)

Reighardiida Almeida & Christoffersen, 1999

Reighardiidae Heymons, 1926

Hispania Martínez et al., 2004

Hispania vulturis Martínez et al., 2004

Reighardia Ward, 1899

Reighardia lomviae Dyck, 1975
Reighardia sternae (Diesing, 1864)

參考さんこう文獻ぶんけん

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Boxshall, Geoff. Pentastomida. WoRMS. 2013 [2013-05-13].
^ Chen, Shao-Hong; Liu, Qin; Zhang, Yong-Nian; Chen, Jia-Xu; Li, Hao; Chen, Ying; Steinmann, Peter; Zhou, Xiao-Nong. Multi-host Model-Based Identification of Armillifer agkistrodontis (Pentastomida), a New Zoonotic Parasite from China. 2010-04-06 [2019-02-10]. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000647. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2019-12-13）（英えい语）.
^ Lavrov, Dennis V.; Brown, Wesley M.; Boore, Jeffrey L. Phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida and (pan)crustacean relationships. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 7 March 2004, 271 (1538): 537–544. PMC 1691615 . PMID 15129965. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2631.
^ Boxshall, Geoff. Crustacea. WoRMS. 2015-05-05 [2019-02-09].
^ Boxshall, Geoff. Oligostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09].
^ Boxshall, Geoff. Ichthyostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09] –通どおり过WoRMS.
^ Zrzavý, J., Hypša, V. & Vlášková, M. Fortey, R.A. & Thomas, R.H. , 编. Arthropod phylogeny: taxonomic congruence, total evidence and conditional combination approaches to morphological and molecular data sets. Systematics Association (London: Chapman & Hall). 1997,. Special Volume series 55: pp.97–107.
^ Waloszek, Dieter; Repetski, John E.; Maas, Andreas. A new Late Cambrian pentastomid and a review of the relationships of this parasitic group. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences. 2005, 96: 163–176. doi:10.1017/S0263593300001280 （英えい语）.
^ Martin, J. W.; Davis, G. E. An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2001: 132 pp [2014-08-28]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档 (PDF)于2013-05-12）（英えい语）.
^ 李り健けん、石いし云うん良りょう、施ほどこせ维、方ほう芳かおる、周しゅう庆安、李り雯雯、何なに国こく声ごえ、黄き维义. 扫描电镜观察猴体内ない寄生きせい的てき蛇へび舌した状じょう虫むし属ぞく若わか虫むし及基于其 18S rRNA 基もと因いん的てき种系发育关系分析ぶんせき (PDF). 中国ちゅうごく寄生虫きせいちゅう学がく与あずか寄生虫きせいちゅう病びょう杂志. 2012-04, 30 (2) [2019-02-08] （中ちゅう文ぶん（简体））.

參看さんかん

舌した形がた虫むし病びょう或ある人ひと舌した形がた虫むし病びょう

外部がいぶ連結れんけつ

維基物種ものだね上うえ的てき相關そうかん信しん息いき：舌した形がた動物どうぶつ類るい

[WoRMS_22602-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Boxshall, Geoff. Pentastomida. WoRMS. 2013 [2013-05-13].

[PLOS-2] Chen, Shao-Hong; Liu, Qin; Zhang, Yong-Nian; Chen, Jia-Xu; Li, Hao; Chen, Ying; Steinmann, Peter; Zhou, Xiao-Nong. Multi-host Model-Based Identification of Armillifer agkistrodontis (Pentastomida), a New Zoonotic Parasite from China. 2010-04-06 [2019-02-10]. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000647. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2019-12-13）（英えい语）.

[lavrov-3] Lavrov, Dennis V.; Brown, Wesley M.; Boore, Jeffrey L. Phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida and (pan)crustacean relationships. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 7 March 2004, 271 (1538): 537–544. PMC 1691615 . PMID 15129965. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2631.

[WoRMS_1066-4] Boxshall, Geoff. Crustacea. WoRMS. 2015-05-05 [2019-02-09].

[WoRMS_845957-5] Boxshall, Geoff. Oligostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09].

[WoRMS_845958-6] Boxshall, Geoff. Ichthyostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09] –通どおり过WoRMS.

[Zrzavý_et_al_1997-7] Zrzavý, J., Hypša, V. & Vlášková, M. Fortey, R.A. & Thomas, R.H. , 编. Arthropod phylogeny: taxonomic congruence, total evidence and conditional combination approaches to morphological and molecular data sets. Systematics Association (London: Chapman & Hall). 1997,. Special Volume series 55: pp.97–107.

[Waloszek2005-8] Waloszek, Dieter; Repetski, John E.; Maas, Andreas. A new Late Cambrian pentastomid and a review of the relationships of this parasitic group. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences. 2005, 96: 163–176. doi:10.1017/S0263593300001280 （英えい语）.

[M&D-9] Martin, J. W.; Davis, G. E. An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2001: 132 pp [2014-08-28]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档 (PDF)于2013-05-12）（英えい语）.

[Li_et_al_2012-10] 李り健けん、石いし云うん良りょう、施ほどこせ维、方ほう芳かおる、周しゅう庆安、李り雯雯、何なに国こく声ごえ、黄き维义. 扫描电镜观察猴体内ない寄生きせい的てき蛇へび舌した状じょう虫むし属ぞく若わか虫むし及基于其 18S rRNA 基もと因いん的てき种系发育关系分析ぶんせき (PDF). 中国ちゅうごく寄生虫きせいちゅう学がく与あずか寄生虫きせいちゅう病びょう杂志. 2012-04, 30 (2) [2019-02-08] （中ちゅう文ぶん（简体））.

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