五ご氮化三さん磷

五ご氮化三さん磷
	IUPAC名めい; Triphosphorus pentanitride
别名	氮化磷; 氮化磷(V)
识别
CAS号ごう	12136-91-3
EINECS	235-233-9
性せい质
化学かがく式しき	P3N5
摩ま尔质量りょう	162.955 g·mol⁻¹
外そと观	白色はくしょく固体こたい
密度みつど	αあるふぁ-P3N5：2.77 g/cm3
熔点	850 °C（1123 K）（分解ぶんかい）
溶解ようかい性せい（水みず）	不溶ふよう
相あい关物质
相あい关化学かがく品ひん	一いち氮化磷
	若わか非ひ注ちゅう明あかり，所有しょゆう数すう据すえ均ひとし出自しゅつじ标准状じょう态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下した。

五ご氮化三さん磷是ぜ一いち种无机化合かごう物ぶつ，化学かがく式しき P₃ N₅。它是磷的一いち种氮化物ぶつ。虽然已やめ经对其各种应用よう进行了りょう研究けんきゅう，但ただし这并没ぼつ有ゆう导致五氮化三磷有任何重要的工业用途。它是一いち种白色しょく固体こたい，尽つき管かん样品经常因いん杂质而呈现其它颜色しょく。

制せい备[编辑]

五氮化三磷可以由含有磷(V)的てき化合かごう物ぶつ和わ含有がんゆう氮阴离子的てき化合かごう物ぶつ（例れい如氨和わ叠氮化か钠）：^[1]

3 PCl₅ + 5 NH₃ → P₃N₅ + 15 HCl

3 PCl₅ + 15 NaN₃ → P₃N₅ + 15 NaCl + 5 N₂

据すえ称たたえ，磷和氮的反はん应会产生五ご氮化三さん磷。^[2]类似的てき方法ほうほう可か以用来らい制せい备氮化硼 (BN) 和わ氮化硅 (Si₃N₄)，不ふ过产物ぶつ通常つうじょう是ぜ不ふ纯和无定形がた的てき。^[1]^[3]

五ご氮化三さん磷晶あきら体からだ可か以由氯化铵和わ六氯环三氮磷烷（英えい语：hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene）^[4]或ある五ご氯化磷反はん应而成なり：^[1]

(NPCl₂)₃ + 2 NH₄Cl → P₃N₅ + 8 HCl

3 PCl₅ + 5 NH₄Cl → P₃N₅ + 20 HCl

室温しつおん下か，P₃N₅ 也可以由三さん氯化磷和わ氨基钠反はん应而成なり。^[5]

3 PCl₃ + 5 NaNH₂ → P₃N₅ + 5 NaCl + 4 HCl + 3 H₂

反はん应[编辑]

P₃N₅的てき热稳定性ていせい比ひ BN 和わSi₃N₄低てい，在ざい超ちょう过 850 °C时分解ぶんかい：^[1]

P₃N₅ → 3 PN + N₂

4 PN → P₄ + 2 N₂

五氮化三磷不与弱酸、弱じゃく碱反应，不溶ふよう于水。它加热水みず解かい成なり(NH₄)₂HPO₄ 和わNH₄H₂PO₄。

五ご氮化三さん磷和氮化锂、氮化钙反はん应，产生 PN₄⁷⁻ 和わPN₃⁴⁻离子。异相氨解会かい产生像ぞう是ぜ HPN₂ 和わHP₄N₇的てき亚氨基もと化物ばけもの。有人ゆうじん提出ていしゅつ，这些化合かごう物ぶつ可用かよう作さく固体こたい电解质（英えい语：solid electrolytes）和わ颜料。^[6]

结构和わ性せい质[编辑]

五氮化三磷的多种同どう质异形体けいたい是ぜ已やめ知的ちてき。αあるふぁ‑P₃N₅是ぜ标准情じょう况下，五ご氮化三さん磷的形式けいしき。加か压到6 GPa时，会かい转变成なりγがんま‑P₃N₅。计算化学かがく显示第だい三种五氮化三磷的结构 δでるた‑P₃N₅会かい在ざい约 43 GPa 时出现，为蓝晶石せき结构。^[7]

结构	密度みつど(g/cm³)
αあるふぁ‑P₃N₅	2.77
γがんま‑P₃N₅	3.65
δでるた‑P₃N₅	4.02

αあるふぁ‑P₃N₅ 的てき结构已やめ通どおり过单晶 X射い线衍射しゃ确定，里さと面めん含有がんゆうPN₄四面体和二或三配位的氮离子。^[8]

参まいり见[编辑]

聚磷氮烯（英えい语：Polyphosphazene）

参考さんこう资料[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Schnick, Wolfgang. Solid-State Chemistry with Nonmetal Nitrides (PDF). Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 1 June 1993, 32 (6): 806–818 [2021-07-25]. doi:10.1002/anie.199308061. （原始げんし内容ないよう (PDF)存そん档于2017-08-13）.
^ Vepřek, S.; Iqbal, Z.; Brunner, J.; Schärli, M. Preparation and properties of amorphous phosphorus nitride prepared in a low-pressure plasma. Philosophical Magazine B. 1 March 1981, 43 (3): 527–547. Bibcode:1981PMagB..43..527V. doi:10.1080/01418638108222114.
^ Meng, Zhaoyu; Peng, Yiya; Yang, Zhiping; Qian, Yitai. Synthesis and Characterization of Amorphous Phosphorus Nitride.. Chemistry Letters. 1 January 2000, 29 (11): 1252–1253. doi:10.1246/cl.2000.1252.
^ Schnick, Wolfgang; Lücke, Jan; Krumeich, Frank. Phosphorus Nitride P3N5: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Electron Microscopic Investigations. Chemistry of Materials. 1996, 8: 281–286. doi:10.1021/cm950385y.
^ Chen, Luyang; Gu, Yunle; Shi, Liang; Yang, Zeheng; Ma, Jianhua; Qian, Yitai. Room temperature route to phosphorus nitride hollow spheres. Inorganic Chemistry Communications. 2004, 7 (5): 643. doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2004.03.009.
^ Schnick, Wolfgang. Phosphorus(V) Nitrides: Preparation, Properties, and Possible Applications of New Solid State Materials with Structural Analogies to Phosphates and Silicates. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements. 1993, 76 (1–4): 183–186. doi:10.1080/10426509308032389.
^ Kroll, P; Schnick, W. A density functional study of phosphorus nitride P3N5: Refined geometries, properties, and relative stability of alpha-P3N5 and gamma-P3N5 and a further possible high-pressure phase delta-P3N5 with kyanite-type structure. Chemistry. 2002, 8 (15): 3530–7. PMID 12203333. doi:10.1002/1521-3765(20020802)8:15<3530::AID-CHEM3530>3.0.CO;2-6.
^ Horstmann, Stefan; Irran, Elisabeth; Schnick, Wolfgang. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Phosphorus(V) Nitrideαあるふぁ-P3N5. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 1997, 36 (17): 1873–1875. doi:10.1002/anie.199718731.

[Wolfgang-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Schnick, Wolfgang. Solid-State Chemistry with Nonmetal Nitrides (PDF). Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 1 June 1993, 32 (6): 806–818 [2021-07-25]. doi:10.1002/anie.199308061. （原始げんし内容ないよう (PDF)存そん档于2017-08-13）.

[2] Vepřek, S.; Iqbal, Z.; Brunner, J.; Schärli, M. Preparation and properties of amorphous phosphorus nitride prepared in a low-pressure plasma. Philosophical Magazine B. 1 March 1981, 43 (3): 527–547. Bibcode:1981PMagB..43..527V. doi:10.1080/01418638108222114.

[3] Meng, Zhaoyu; Peng, Yiya; Yang, Zhiping; Qian, Yitai. Synthesis and Characterization of Amorphous Phosphorus Nitride.. Chemistry Letters. 1 January 2000, 29 (11): 1252–1253. doi:10.1246/cl.2000.1252.

[4] Schnick, Wolfgang; Lücke, Jan; Krumeich, Frank. Phosphorus Nitride P3N5: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Electron Microscopic Investigations. Chemistry of Materials. 1996, 8: 281–286. doi:10.1021/cm950385y.

[5] Chen, Luyang; Gu, Yunle; Shi, Liang; Yang, Zeheng; Ma, Jianhua; Qian, Yitai. Room temperature route to phosphorus nitride hollow spheres. Inorganic Chemistry Communications. 2004, 7 (5): 643. doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2004.03.009.

[6] Schnick, Wolfgang. Phosphorus(V) Nitrides: Preparation, Properties, and Possible Applications of New Solid State Materials with Structural Analogies to Phosphates and Silicates. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements. 1993, 76 (1–4): 183–186. doi:10.1080/10426509308032389.

[7] Kroll, P; Schnick, W. A density functional study of phosphorus nitride P3N5: Refined geometries, properties, and relative stability of alpha-P3N5 and gamma-P3N5 and a further possible high-pressure phase delta-P3N5 with kyanite-type structure. Chemistry. 2002, 8 (15): 3530–7. PMID 12203333. doi:10.1002/1521-3765(20020802)8:15<3530::AID-CHEM3530>3.0.CO;2-6.

[8] Horstmann, Stefan; Irran, Elisabeth; Schnick, Wolfgang. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Phosphorus(V) Nitrideαあるふぁ-P3N5. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 1997, 36 (17): 1873–1875. doi:10.1002/anie.199718731.

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