尼 日 利 亚内战
1967 | |||||||||
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奈及 |
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Benjamin Adekunle Mohammed Shuwa E.A. Etuk Shehu Musa Yar'Adua Theophilus Danjuma Ibrahim Haruna Ipoola Alani Akinrinade Ted Hamman † Isaac Adaka Boro † Idris Garba |
Philip Effiong Alexander Madiebo Albert Okonkwo Victor Banjo Ogbugo Kalu Joseph Achuzie Azum Asoya Mike Inveso Timothy Onwuatuegwu † Rolf Steiner Festus Akagha Lynn Garrison Taffy Williams Jonathan Uchendu Ogbo Oji ( Humphrey Chukwuka H.M. Njoku | ||||||||
85,000[16]–150,000[17] (1967) 250,000 (1968)[18] 200,000[19]–250,000[17] (1970) |
10,000[20]–100,000[17] (1967) 110,000 (1968)[21] 50,000[19]–100,000[22] (1970) | ||||||||
伤亡 | |||||||||
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时间轴 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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起因
[编辑]战争过程
[编辑]1967
结果
[编辑]2005
影 視 作品
[编辑]- 2003
年 電 影 —烈日 風 暴
引用
[编辑]- ^ The Literary Magazine - the Biafra War and the Age of Pestilence by Herbert Ekwe Ekwe. [2018-08-16]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2018-08-20). - ^
存 档副本 . [2017-10-30]. (原始 内容 存 档于2017-11-17). - ^
尼 日 利 亚自独立 以来 :第 一 个二 十 五 年 :国 际关系 ,1980年 - ^ 《阴影:
比 夫 拉 和 尼 日 利 亚的空 运和空 战》1967-1970,Michael I. Draper (ISBN 1-902109-63-5) - ^ Sadleman, Stephen. The Ties That Divide. 2000: 86 [8 June 2018]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-12-11). - ^ Biafra Revisited, 2006. Page 5.
- ^ 《
内 战和革命 的 根源 和 后 果 :改 变世界 历史的 冲突》作者 :Spencer C. Tucker(ISBN 9781440842948) - ^ "Biafran Airlift: Israel’s Secret Mission to Save Lives." (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) Press, Eitan. United With Israel. www.unitedwithisrael.org Published 13 October 2013. Accessed 13 January 2017. - ^ Genocide and the Europeans, 2010. Page 71.
- ^ There's A Riot Going On: Revolutionaries, Rock Stars, and the Rise and Fall of '60s Counter-Culture, 2007. Page 213.
- ^ The USSR in Third World Conflicts: Soviet Arms and Diplomacy in Local Wars 1945–1980, 1986. Page 91
- ^ Malcolm MacDonald: Bringing an End to Empire, 1995. Page 416.
- ^ Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria, 2001. Page 54.
- ^ Africa 1960–1970: Chronicle and Analysis, 2009. Page 423
- ^ The Biafran War, Nigerian History, Nigerian Civil War. [2017-10-30]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-03-12). - ^ Nkwocha, 2010: 156
- ^ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Karl DeRouen & U. K. Heo (2007). Civil wars of the world: Major conflicts since World War II. Tomo I. Santa Bárbara: ABC CLIO, pp. 569. ISBN 978-1-85109-919-1.
- ^ Biafran War (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆). Global Security. - ^ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Phillips, Charles, & Alan Axelrod (2005). "Nigerian-Biafran War". Encyclopedia of Wars. Tomo II. New York: Facts On File, Inc., ISBN 978-0-8160-2853-5.
- ^ Dr. Onyema Nkwocha (2010). The Republic of Biafra: Once Upon a Time in Nigeria My Story of the Biafra-Nigerian Civil War - A Struggle for Survival (1967–1970). Bloomington: AuthorHouse, pp. 25. ISBN 978-1-4520-6867-1.
- ^ West Africa. Londres: Afrimedia International, 1969, pp. 1565. "Malnutrition affects adults less than children, half of whom have now died, reports Debrel who also describes the reorganisation of the Biafran army after the 1968 defeats, making it a "political" army of 110,000 men; its automatic weapons, (...)".
- ^ Stan Chu Ilo (2006). The Face of Africa: Looking Beyond the Shadows. Bloomington: AuthorHouse, pp. 138. ISBN 978-1-4208-9705-0.
- ^ Paul R. Bartrop (2012). A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide. Santa Bárbara: ABC-CLIO, pp. 107. ISBN 978-0-313-38679-4.
- ^ Bridgette Kasuka (2012). Prominent African Leaders Since Independence. Bankole Kamara Taylor, pp. 331. ISBN 978-1-4700-4358-2.
- ^ Godfrey Mwakikagile (2001). Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria. Huntington: Nova Publishers, pp. 176. ISBN 978-1-56072-967-9.
- ^ DeRouen & Heo, 2007: 570
外部 链接
[编辑]- Map of Nigerian Civil War (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - Civil War in Nigeria (Biafra), 1967-1970 (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - The Nigerian Civil War - Marcus Garvey
- Wole Soyinka and the Nigerian Civil War
- The Nigerian Civil War: Causes, Strategies, And Lessons Learnt (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - Short history and assessment of the MFI-9B "MiniCOIN" in Biafran air force service
- Nicknames, Slogans, Local and Operational Names Associated with the Nigerian Civil War (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - Quick Kill in Slow Motion: The Nigerian Civil War (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - A view of blunders in the Nigerian strategy (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆)
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