達いたる爾なんじ文ぶん獎章

维基百科ひゃっか，自由じゆう的てき百科ひゃっか全ぜん书
  提示ていじ：此条目め页的主ぬし题不是ぜ達いたる爾なんじ文ぶん獎或ある达尔文ぶん-华莱士し奖章。

達いたる爾なんじ文ぶん獎章（英語えいご：Darwin Medal）是これ英國えいこく皇すめらぎ家か學會がっかい每まい兩年りょうねん頒發一いち次じ的てき獎項，表おもて揚あげ“查爾斯·達たち爾しか文ぶん對たい於生物せいぶつ學がく領域りょういき公認こうにん貢獻こうけん，特別とくべつ是ぜ進化しんか、種たね群ぐん生物せいぶつ學がく、有ゆう機體きたい生物せいぶつ學がく和わ生物せいぶつ多樣たよう性せい方面ほうめん”。該獎項こう於1890年ねん首くび次じ頒發，旨むね在ざい紀き念ねん查爾斯·達たち爾しか文ぶん，得とく主ぬし可か獲得かくとく2,000英えい鎊獎金（截至2016年ねん）[1]。

達いたる爾なんじ文ぶん獎章與あずか大だい多數たすう皇すめらぎ家か學會がっかい頒發獎章一いち樣よう，開放かいほう英えい聯邦れんぽう或ある愛あい爾なんじ蘭らん候こう選せん人じん。

歷れき屆とどけ得とく主ぬし[编辑]

年度ねんど 图像 得とく主ぬし 得とく奖原因げんいん 备注
1890年ねん 阿おもね尔弗雷かみなり德とく·拉ひしげ塞ふさが尔·华莱士し "For his independent origination of the theory of the origin of species by natural selection." [2]
1892年ねん 约瑟夫おっと·道どう尔顿·胡えびす克かつ "On account of his important contributions to the progress of systematic botany, as evidenced by the "Genera Plantarum" and the "Flora Indica"; but more especially on account of his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in the studies preliminary to the "Origin of Species"." [3][4]
1894年ねん 托たく马斯·亨とおる利り·赫胥黎はじむ "For his researches in comparative anatomy, and especially for his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in relation to the "Origin of Species"." [5][6]
1896年ねん 乔凡尼あま·巴ともえ蒂斯塔とう·格かく拉ひしげ西にし "For his researches on the life history and societies of the Termitidae, and on the developmental relationship between Leptocephalus and the common eel and other muraenidae." [7][8]
1898年ねん 卡尔·皮がわ尔逊 "For his work on the quantitative treatment of biological problems." [9][10]
1900年ねん 恩おん斯特·海うみ克かつ尔 "For his long-continued and highly important work in zoology all of which has been inspired by the spirit of Darwinism." [11][12]
1902年ねん 法ほう蘭らん西にし斯·高だか爾しか頓ひたぶる "For his numerous contributions to the exact study of heredity & variation contained in "Hereditary Genius", "Natural Inheritance", and other writings." [13][14]
1904年ねん 威い廉かど·贝特森もり "For his important contribution to the theory of organic evolution by his researches on variation and heredity." [15][16]
1906年ねん 许霍·德とく弗どる里さと斯 "On the ground of the significance and extent of his experimental investigations in heredity & Variation." [17][18]
1908年ねん 奥おく古こ斯特·魏ぎ斯曼 "On the ground of his eminent services in support of the doctrine of evolution by means of natural selection." [19][20]
1910年ねん 罗兰·特とく里さと门 "On the ground of his South African bionomic researches, in large part undertaken as the outcome of correspondence with Charles Darwin." [21][22]
1912年ねん 弗どる朗ろう西にし斯·达尔文ぶん "On the ground of his work in conjunction with Charles Darwin, and his researches in vegetable physiology." [23][24]
1914年ねん 爱德华·巴ともえ格かく诺尔·波は尔顿 "On the ground of his researches in heredity." [25][26]
1916年ねん 伊い夫おっと·德とく拉ひしげ熱ねつ "On the ground of researches in zoology and biology." [27]
1918年ねん 亨とおる利り·費ひ爾なんじ費ひ爾しか德とく·奧おく斯本 "For his valuable researches on vertebrate morphology and palaeontology." [28][29]
1920年ねん "On the ground of his work on scientific principles applied to the breeding of plants." [30][31]
1922年ねん — "For his researches in the science of genetics." [32][33]
1924年ねん 托たく马斯·亨とおる特とく·摩ま尔根 "For his valuable work in zoology and more especially his researches on heredity and cytology." [34][35]
1926年ねん 达金菲尔德とく·亨とおる利り·斯科特とく "For his contributions to palaeophytology, particularly in relation to the period of coal." [36]
1928年ねん "For the eminence of his contributions to ecological botany." [37]
1930年ねん 恩おん斯特·施ほどこせ密みつ特とく "For his work on extended oceanographical expeditions; and for his genetic studies in animals and plants." [38][39]
1932年ねん 卡尔·科か伦斯 "As one of the three independent discoverers of Mendels publications; and for his distinguished researches in genetics." [40]
1934年ねん 阿おもね尔伯特とく·查尔斯·苏厄德とく "In recognition of his work as a palaeobotanist." [41]
1936年ねん — "In recognition of his long continued work for the advancement of marine biology, not only by his own researches but by the great influence he has exerted on very numerous investigations at Plymouth." [42]
1938年ねん "In recognition of his work of acknowledged distinction in the field in which Darwin himself laboured." [43][44]
1940年ねん 詹姆斯·彼かれ得とく·希まれ尔 "For his contributions to the solution of problems bearing on the inter-relationships of the main groups of the Mammalia and on the phylogenetic history of the primates, a subject with which Charles Darwin himself was much concerned." [45]
1942年ねん — D·M·S·沃特森もり "In recognition of his researches on primitive fishes and amphibians which have much advanced the knowledge of the evolution of these groups of animals." [46]
1944年ねん 约翰·斯坦利り·加か德とく纳 "In recognition of his work on coral reefs and on the organisms associated with such habitats." [47]
1946年ねん — 达西·汤普森もり "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the development of biology." [48]
1948年ねん 羅ら納おさむ德とく·愛あい爾しか默だま·費ひ雪ゆき "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the theory of natural selection, the concept of its gene complex and the evolution of dominance." [49]
1950年ねん "For his distinguished contributions to the study of algology." [50]
1952年ねん 约翰·伯はく顿·桑くわ德森とくのもり·霍尔丹に "In recognition of his initiation of the modern phase of the study of the evolution of living populations." [51]
1954年ねん — E·B·福ぶく特とく "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the genetical theory of evolution by natural selection, particularly in natural populations." [52]
1956年ねん 朱しゅ利とし安やす·赫胥黎はじむ "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the study and theory of evolution." [53]
1958年ねん — 加か文ぶん·德とく·比ひ尔 "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology." [54]
1960年ねん — E·J·H·科か纳 "In recognition of his distinguished and strikingly original botanical work in tropical forests." [55]
1962年ねん — 喬たかし治ち·蓋ぶた洛らく德とく·辛からし普ひろし森もり "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to general evolutionary theory, based on a profound study of palaeontology, particularly of vertebrates." [56]
1964年ねん — "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of cytology and genetics." [57]
1966年ねん — 哈罗德とく·M·福ぶく克かつ斯 "In recognition of his distinguished and extensive contributions in the field of invertebrate zoology and to our understanding of general biological phenomena." [58]
1968年ねん — "In recognition of his many distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology, particularly of the mollusca." [59]
1970年ねん — 查尔斯·艾もぐさ尔顿 "In recognition of the basic concepts he has contributed to the study of animal ecology which, with his foundation of the Bureau of Animal Population, have had international impact." [60]
1972年ねん — 戴维·赖克 "In recognition of his distinguished and numerous contributions to ornithology and to our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms." [61]
1974年ねん — "In recognition of his outstanding work on natural populations of butterflies, describing and explaining the operation of natural selection and demonstrating the genetic basis upon which selection operates." [62]
1976年ねん — "In recognition of her discovery of and continuing work on chemical mutagenesis." [63]
1978年ねん "In recognition of his discovery of somatic recombination in fungi which led to the elucidation of an important type of genetic variation." [64]
1980年ねん — 休きゅう厄やく尔·赖特 "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to genetics and evolutionary theory." [65]
1982年ねん — [[]] "In recognition of their major contributions to plant physiology including fundamental studies on insectivorous plants, much of this research carried out jointly." [66]
— [[]]
1984年ねん 恩おん斯特·瓦かわら尔特·迈尔 "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology."
1986年ねん 约翰·梅うめ纳德·史し密みつ斯 "In recognition of his outstanding success in combining mathematics with biology to enhance our understanding of evolution, in particular the evolution of sex." [67]
1988年ねん — 威い廉かど·唐から納おさめ·漢かん彌わたる爾なんじ頓とみ "In recognition of his distinguished work on evolutionary theory. His contributions include the theory of kin selection to account for altruistic behaviour and the theoretical demonstration of a link between disease resistance and the evolution of sex." [68]
1990年ねん "For his research on the population biology and evolution of plants which has greatly improved understanding of the adaptation of plants to their environment." [69]
1992年ねん 木村きむら資し生せい "Distinguished for his work on molecular evolution, in particular on the role of stochastic events in determining the rate of evolution." [70]
1994年ねん 彼かれ得とく·劳伦斯 "In recognition of his analysis of pattern formation during insect segmentation, and of his contribution to understanding how genetic processes specify spatial information." [71]
1996年ねん 约翰·苏尔斯顿 "In recognition of his leadership in the study of genome analysis with the potential to have a profound impact on the whole of biology." [72]
1998年ねん — [[]] "In recognition of their work on cereal genome organisation and evolution which has revolutionised cereal genetics by showing that the genetics of all the different cereals can be considered in a common framework." [73]
— [[]]
2000年ねん — 布ぬの赖恩·查尔斯沃思おもえ "In recognition of his distinguished work on selection in age-structured populations, extending the theory to the evolution of ageing, and testing the theories of mutation accumulation and pleiotropy, developing models for the evolution of genetic systems, including sex and recombination, inbreeding and outbreeding, separate sexes and sex chromosomes, segregation distortion and repetitive DNA." [74]
2002年ねん [[]] ""
2004年ねん 恩おん里さと科か·科か恩おん "for their ground-breaking discoveries about the control of flower development. They have combined molecular and genetic approaches to answer some of Darwins key questions about the natural variation of floral form and the evolution of floral development."
罗斯玛丽·卡彭特とく
2006年ねん 尼あま克かつ·巴ともえ頓とみ "for his major and extensive contributions to evolutionary biology, characterised by the application of sophisticated mathematical analysis but focussed on developing biological understanding rather than mathematical niceties."
2008年ねん [[]] ""
2010年ねん 布ぬの莱恩·坎贝尔·克かつ拉ひしげ克かつ "for his original and influential contributions to our understanding of the genetic basis of evolution."
2012年ねん [[]] ""
2014年ねん 约翰·D·萨瑟兰 "for his novel and convincing work on prebiotic chemistry, in particular his solution to the central problem of nucleoside synthesis."
2016年ねん 卡洛琳·迪すすむ恩おん "for her work addressing fundamental questions in the perception of temperature cues and how modifications in epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in adaptation."
2018年ねん — [[]] ""
2019年ねん — 彼かれ得とく·W·H·霍兰 "for his work with many organisms and genes elucidating key aspects of how changes in the genome influence evolution of animal development" [75][76]
2020年ねん — [[]] ""
2021年ねん — [[]] ""
2022年ねん — 马丁·恩おん布ぬの利り "for his fundamental, paradigm-changing contributions to the understanding of mitochondrial endosymbiosis and the origins of eukaryotes in a new two-domain tree of life." [77]
2023年ねん — [[]] ""

參考さんこう資料しりょう[编辑]

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