關せき塞ふさが

Chinese

		to close; to shut; to turn off to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass	to stuff; to stop up; to squeeze in to stuff; to stop up; to squeeze in; strategic pass; piston; unenlightened; Serb (abbrev.); Serbian
trad. (關せき塞ふさが)		關せき	塞ふさが
simp. (关塞)		关	塞ふさが

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guānsài

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ ㄙㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan¹ coi³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guānsài
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄙㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guansài
    • Wade–Giles: kuan¹-sai⁴
    • Yale: gwān-sài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guansay
    • Palladius: гуаньсай (guanʹsaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwaan¹ coi³
    • Yale: gwāan choi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan¹ tsoi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: guan¹ coi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

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• Middle Chinese: kwaen sojH

Rime
Character	關せき	塞ふさが
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲こえ)	見み (28)	心しん (16)
Final (韻いん)	刪 (70)	咍 (41)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed	Open
Division (等ひとし)	II	I
Fanqie	古ふる還かえ切きり	先さき代だい切きり
Baxter	kwaen	sojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuan/	/sʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚan/	/səiH/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐn/	/sɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨn/	/səjH/
Li Rong	/kuan/	/sᴀiH/
Wang Li	/kwan/	/sɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwan/	/sɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guān	sài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaan1	soi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤro[n]  [s]ˤək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kroːn  slɯːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	關せき	塞ふさが	塞ふさが
Reading #	1/3	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guān	sài	sài
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæn ›	‹ sojH ›	‹ sojH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁro[n]/	/*[s]ˁək-s/	/*[s]ˁək-s/
English	barrier	frontier	pass (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	關せき	塞ふさが
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	8640	10958
Phonetic component	卵たまご	塞ふさが
Rime group	元もと	代だい
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	關せき	賽さい
Old Chinese	/*kroːn/	/*slɯːɡs/

Noun

關せき塞ふさが

1. frontier pass and fortress

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (關せき塞ふさが):

• → Vietnamese: quan tái (關せき塞ふさが)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
關せき	塞ふさが

Noun

關せき塞ふさが

1. chữ Hán form of quan tái (“frontier pass and fortress”).