古
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Translingual
editStroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
edit- Shuowen Jiezi radical №53
Derived characters
edit- 估, 咕,
姑 , 岵, 怙, 𢫈, 沽, 狜, 枯, 㱠, 𤇌, 牯, 祜, 𦙶, 䀦, 秙, 𧙖, 䊀, 䑩, 蛄, 詁 (诂), 跍, 軲 (轱), 酤, 鈷 (钴), 𩚩, 𦹵, 骷, 𡪻, 鮕, 𡳰 故 ,胡 , 㼋, 瓳, 䎁, 𨐒, 𠸙, 䧸, 嘏, 𦹯, 鴣 (鸪)克 , 㕝, 怘, 㖛, 辜, 㕆, 呄, 㝒,居 ,苦 , 㽽, 𥥖, 罟, 䇢, 啇, 𠸗- 𣭎,
固 , 㑸, 𤚦, 䀇, 䂋
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 171, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3233
- Dae Jaweon: page 380, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 568, character 3
- Unihan data for U+53E4
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
||
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alternative forms | 𠖠 ‡ |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
箇 | *kaːls |
*kaːls | |
*kɯ, *kas | |
橭 | *kaː, *kʰaː |
嫴 | *kaː |
*kaː | |
辜 | *kaː |
酤 | *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ |
蛄 | *kaː |
鴣 | *kaː |
沽 | *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs |
盬 | *kaː, *kaːʔ |
*kaːʔ | |
罟 | *kaːʔ |
估 | *kaːʔ |
鈷 | *kaːʔ |
詁 | *kaːʔ |
牯 | *kaːʔ |
*kaːs | |
*kaːs | |
稒 | *kaːɡs |
*kaːɡs | |
錮 | *kaːɡs |
鯝 | *kaːɡs |
棝 | *kaːɡs |
凅 | *kaːɡs |
枯 | *kʰaː |
軲 | *kʰaː |
跍 | *kʰaː |
骷 | *kʰaː |
*kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs | |
*qʰaː, *ɡaː | |
餬 | *ɡaː |
瑚 | *ɡaː |
*ɡaː | |
鶘 | *ɡaː |
猢 | *ɡaː |
醐 | *ɡaː |
*ɡaː | |
箶 | *ɡaː |
蝴 | *ɡaː |
*ɡaː | |
瓳 | *ɡaː |
怙 | *ɡaːʔ |
祜 | *ɡaːʔ |
岵 | *ɡaːʔ |
婟 | *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs |
楛 | *ɡaːʔ |
*ka | |
*ka | |
琚 | *ka |
椐 | *ka, *kas, *kʰa |
鶋 | *ka |
蜛 | *ka |
崌 | *ka |
涺 | *ka |
腒 | *ka, *ɡa |
*kas | |
倨 | *kas |
*kas | |
涸 | *ɡaːɡ |
Ideogram (
Fang (1982) finds evidence for the
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ga (“old”). Cognate with
Pronunciation 1
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gu3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гў (gw, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): gu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gu3 / gu2
- Northern Min (KCR): gǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): gū / kū
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5ku / 3ku
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gu3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
- Wade–Giles: ku3
- Yale: gǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
- Palladius: гу (gu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gu3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gu
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гў (gw, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gu2
- Yale: gú
- Cantonese Pinyin: gu2
- Guangdong Romanization: gu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kú
- Hakka Romanization System: guˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gu3
- Sinological IPA: /ku³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gu3 / gu2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ku⁴⁵/, /ku⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gū / kū
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku³³/, /kʰu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: gu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: kuX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤaʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kaːʔ/
Definitions
edit- the past; ancient times
古 今 ― gǔjīn ― ancient and modern times
- old; ancient
- classic; old-styled
- simple; unaffected; unsophisticated
- things in the past; antiquities; history
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) story (Classifier:
段 c) - Short for
古體 詩 /古体 诗 (gǔtǐshī, “ancient-style poem”). - a surname
Compounds
edit七 古 上古 (shànggǔ)不 古 中古 (zhōnggǔ)五 古 亙 古 /亘 古 (gèngǔ)- 仿古 (fǎnggǔ)
作 古 (zuògǔ)來 古 /来 古 先 古 (xiāngǔ)千古 (qiāngǔ)博 古 (bógǔ)印 古 什 (Yìngǔshí)反古 (fǎngǔ)口 古月 古井 (gǔjǐng)古井 無 波 /古井 无波古人 (gǔrén)古今 (gǔjīn)古今 中外 (gǔjīnzhōngwài)古代 (gǔdài)古作 古來 /古来 (gǔlái)古 例 古典 (gǔdiǎn)古典 主義 /古典 主 义 (gǔdiǎnzhǔyì)古 冊 /古 册 (kó͘-chheh) (Min Nan)古制 (gǔzhì)古 剎/古刹 (gǔchà)古 勁/古 劲古 勒巴格 (Gǔlèbāgé)古 動物 學 /古 动物学 (gǔdòngwùxué)古 厝 (gǔcuò)古史 (gǔshǐ)古 國 /古 国 (gǔguó)古 坑 (Gǔkēng)古城 (gǔchéng)古城 口 (Gǔchéngkǒu)古 堡古 墓 (gǔmù)古 夫 (Gǔfū)古 奧 /古 奥 古 妝/古 妆古 始 古 姆 (Gǔmǔ)古學 /古学 古 寫 /古 写 古寺 古屋 (gǔwū)古山 (Gǔshān)古 巴 (Gǔbā)古 幣 /古 币 (gǔbì)古 廟 /古 庙 (gǔmiào)古式 (gǔshì)古往今來 /古往今来 (gǔwǎngjīnlái)古德 古 怪 (gǔguài)古 意 (gǔyì)古 憋古拙 (gǔzhuó)古文 (gǔwén)古 文字 (gǔwénzì)古 方 (gǔfāng)古 方 兒 /古 方 儿古 早 (gǔzǎo)古昔 (gǔxī)古 晉 /古 晋 (Gǔjìn)古 時 /古 时 (gǔshí)古 曆 /古 历古書 /古 书 (gǔshū)古本 (gǔběn)古 板 (gǔbǎn)古 柯 (gǔkē)古 植物 學 /古 植物 学 (gǔzhíwùxué)古樂 /古 乐 (gǔyuè)古 槧/古 椠古 樓 /古 楼 (Gǔlóu)古 樸 /古 朴 (gǔpǔ)古橋 溝 /古 桥沟 (Gǔqiáogōu)古 氣 /古 气古江 巴 格 (Gǔjiāngbāgé)古 法 古渡 (gǔdù)古 為 今 用 /古 为今用 古 爾 邦 節 /古 尔邦节 (Gǔ'ěrbāngjié)古物 (gǔwù)古 猿 古玉 古 玩 (gǔwán)古 琴 (gǔqín)古 瓷古生代 (Gǔshēng Dài)古 生物 (gǔshēngwù)古 生 界 古 畫 /古 画 (gǔhuà)古 白文 (gǔbáiwén)古石 (Gǔshí)古 磚/古 砖古祠 古稀 (gǔxī)古 箏 /古 筝 (gǔzhēng)古 籀古 籍 (gǔjí)古老 (gǔlǎo)古老 肉 古 者 (gǔzhě)古 舊 /古 旧 (gǔjiù)古色 古 香 (gǔsègǔxiāng)古 茶 古 董 (gǔdǒng)古 蘭 經 /古 兰经 (Gǔlánjīng)古 裝 /古 装 (gǔzhuāng)古記 /古 记古訓 /古 训 (gǔxùn)古 話 /古 话 (gǔhuà)古詩 /古 诗 (gǔshī)古語 /古 语 (gǔyǔ)古 調 不 彈 /古 调不弹古諺 /古 谚 (gǔyàn)古 賢 /古 贤 (gǔxián)古 賦 /古 赋古 趣 古 路 (Gǔlù)古跡 /古蹟 /古 迹 (gǔjì)古 遊 /古 游 古道 (gǔdào)古道 熱 腸 /古道 热肠 (gǔdàorècháng)古 遠 /古 远古 邈古都 (gǔdū)古 鄰/古 邻古銅 /古 铜古銅 色 /古 铜色 (gǔtóngsè)古錢 /古 钱 (gǔqián)古 錐 /古 锥 (kó͘-chui) (Min Nan)古門 /古 门古 陸 /古 陆古 隸/古 隶古雅 (gǔyǎ)古音 (gǔyīn)古 韻 /古 韵 (gǔyùn)古風 /古 风 (gǔfēng)古 驛 /古 驿 (Gǔyì)古體 詩 /古体 诗 (gǔtǐshī)唐古 拉 (Tánggǔlā)大古 太古 (tàigǔ)好古 (hàogǔ)存 古 (cúngǔ)希 古 師 古 /师古弔 古 /吊 古 往古 待 古 徐 古 (Xúgǔ)復古 /复古 (fùgǔ)- 慕古
懷古 /怀古 (huáigǔ)振古 擬古 /拟古 (nǐgǔ)- 敻古
暮 古 曠古 /旷古 (kuànggǔ)- 汲古 (jígǔ)
治 古 泥 古 (nìgǔ)海 西 蒙 古 族 藏 族 自治 州 淳 古 特 古 - 玍古 (gǎgu)
疑 古 (yígǔ)盤 古 /盘古 (Pángǔ)盤 古 壋/盘古垱 (Pángǔdàng)萬古 /万古 (wàngǔ)秦 古 (Qíngǔ)稽古 (jīgǔ)積 古 /积古終 古 /终古 (zhōnggǔ)考古 (kǎogǔ)- 肅北
蒙 古 族 自治 縣 /肃北蒙 古 族 自治 县 自 古 (zìgǔ)艾 古 斯 (Àigǔsī)花 古 (Huāgǔ)蒙 古 (Měnggǔ)蒙 古 族 (Měnggǔzú)覽 古 /览古 (lǎngǔ)訪 古 /访古說 古 /说古講 古 /讲古 (jiǎnggǔ)- 譀古/𰶆
古 (hàm-kó͘) (Min Nan) 變 古 /变古- 轢古/轹古
近古 (jìngǔ)述 古 遠 古 /远古 (yuǎngǔ)- 邃古 (suìgǔ)
門 古寺 /门古寺 (Méngǔsì)高 古
Descendants
editOthers:
- → Vietnamese: cũ
Pronunciation 2
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gù
- Wade–Giles: ku4
- Yale: gù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guh
- Palladius: гу (gu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
editPronunciation 3
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ku
- Wade–Giles: kʻu1
- Yale: kū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ku
- Palladius: ку (ku)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
edit- † Only used in
古 成 .
References
edit- “
古 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: く (ku)
- Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
- Kun: ふるい (furui,
古 い, Jōyō)、ふるす (furusu,古 す, Jōyō)、いにしえ (inishie,古 )←いにしへ (inisife,古 , historical)
Compounds
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
いにしえ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
(This term, |
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
ふる Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
Stem of adjective
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- used item, secondhand item, hand-me-down
Prefix
editReferences
editKorean
editHanja
editCompounds
edit- 고금 (
古 琴 , gogeum, “guqin, Chinese zither”) - 고고 (
考古 , gogo) - 고고학 (
考古學 , gogohak, “archaeology”) - 고전 (
古典 , gojeon, “classic”) - 고어 (
古語 , go'eo, “archaism”) - 고옥 (
古屋 , gook) - 고조선 (
古 朝鮮 , gojoseon, “Gojoseon”) - 고풍 (
古風 , gopung, “old customs, antique”) - 고서 (
古書 , goseo) - 중고 (
中古 , junggo) - 몽고 (
蒙 古 , monggo, “Mongolia”) - 상고 (
上古 , sanggo)
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit
Compounds
editAdjective
editNoun
editReferences
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古 - Mandarin terms with usage examples
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading ふる・す
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- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading いにしへ
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古 read as いにしえ - Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
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