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古 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: よし and 𠮷
ふる U+53E4, 古
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53E4
くち
[U+53E3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+53E5]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

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ふる (Kangxi radical 30, くち+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input じゅうくち (JR), four-corner 40600, composition じゅうくち)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №53

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 171, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3233
  • Dae Jaweon: page 380, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 568, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+53E4

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
ふる
alternative forms 𠖠
Cantonese "story"
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character ふる
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         

Ideogram (指事しじ) : A shield (じゅう) and a distinguishing mark (くち). Original form of かた (OC *kaːs). (Qiu Xigui, Ding Shan). Compare oracle bone forms with , たて.

Fang (1982) finds evidence for the じゅう component originally being a depiction of a piece of food and the character originally being a depiction of someone spitting out a piece of food. Thus, Fang argues this character is the original form of ().

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ga (old). Cognate with (OC *kaːs, “old things; former; dead”) and Tibetan རྒ (rga, to be old; aged).

Pronunciation 1

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Note: kū - in 古田ふるた (Kŭ-chèng).

Rime
Character ふる
Reading # 1/1
Initial (こえ) (28)
Final (いん) (23)
Tone (調しらべ) Rising (X)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) I
Fanqie おおやけきり
Baxter kuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kuoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kuoX/
Shao
Rongfen
/koX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɔX/
Li
Rong
/koX/
Wang
Li
/kuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gu2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character ふる
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kuX ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁaʔ/
English ancient

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character ふる
Reading # 1/1
No. 4219
Phonetic
component
ふる
Rime
group
さかな
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
ふる
Old
Chinese
/*kaːʔ/

Definitions

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ふる

  1. the past; ancient times
    ふるいま  ―  jīn  ―  ancient and modern times
  2. old; ancient
  3. classic; old-styled
  4. simple; unaffected; unsophisticated
  5. things in the past; antiquities; history
  6. (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) story (Classifier: だん c)
    こうふるふる [Cantonese]  ―  gong2 gu2 [Jyutping]  ―  to tell a story
  7. Short for 古體こたい古体こたい (gǔtǐshī, “ancient-style poem”).
  8. a surname
    ふるてんらくふるてん [Cantonese]  ―  gu2 tin1 lok6 [Jyutping]  ―  Louis Koo Tin-lok (Hong Kong actor)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (ふる):

Others:

  • Vietnamese:

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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ふる

  1. Alternative form of かた ()
  2. Alternative form of ()

Pronunciation 3

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Definitions

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ふる

  1. Only used in なり.

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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ふる

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
ふる
いにしえ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of ふる – see the following entry.
いにしえ
[noun] the past
[noun] ancient times
[noun] (archaic, obsolete) the deceased
Alternative spellings
にしへ, にしへ
(This term, ふる, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
ふる
ふる
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
きゅう

Stem of adjective ふる (furui, old).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ふる(ふる) (furu

  1. used item, secondhand item, hand-me-down

Prefix

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ふる(ふる) (furu-

  1. paleo-, old, used, previous

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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ふる (eumhun (yet go))

  1. hanja form? of (old; ancient)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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ふる: Hán Việt readings: cổ (おおやけ(công)(thổ)きり(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
ふる: Nôm readings: cổ[1][2][4][5][6], cỗ[2][3][7][4][6], của[1][2], [1], cỏ[1], kẻ[3]

Compounds

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Adjective

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ふる (cổ)

  1. chữ Hán form of cổ (ancient; old).

Noun

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ふる (cổ, của)

  1. Nôm form of cổ (neck).
  2. Nôm form of của (property; belongings).

References

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