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魚 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Wiktionary

魚さかな

See also: 鱼, 漁りょう, and 鱻
魚さかな U+9B5A, 魚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B5A
← 魙
[U+9B59] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 魛 →
[U+9B5B]
⿂ U+2FC2, ⿂
KANGXI RADICAL FISH
← ⿁
[U+2FC1] 		Kangxi Radicals ⿃ →
[U+2FC3]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order (Japan)
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

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See images of
Radical 195 魚さかな

魚さかな (Kangxi radical 195, 魚さかな+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓田ゆみた火ひ (NWF), four-corner 27336, composition ⿳⺈田た灬)

  1. Kangxi radical #195, ⿂.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1465, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45956
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1998, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4674, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9B5A

Chinese

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trad. 魚さかな
simp. 鱼
alternative forms 𤉯
𤋳
𩵋
𮫬
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 魚さかな
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (魚さかな) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘇そ *sŋaː
穌 *sŋaː
魚さかな *ŋa
漁りょう *ŋa
䱷 *ŋa

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) – a fish.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja. Cognate with 漁りょう (OC *ŋa, “to fish”).

Pronunciation

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Note: ngui3-4* - standalone word for "fish".
Note:
  • hî/hû/hîr - vernacular;
  • gû/gîr/gî - literary.
Note:
  • he5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Jieyang;
  • hu5 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: hu5 / yi5
      • Sinological IPA: /hu²²/, /zi²²/
Note:
  • hu5 - vernacular;
  • yi5 - literary.
Note:
  • ng - colloquial;
  • yu - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 魚さかな
Mandarin Beijing /y³⁵/
Harbin /y²⁴/
Tianjin /y⁴⁵/
Jinan /y⁴²/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /y⁴²/
Xi'an /y²⁴/
Xining /y²⁴/
Yinchuan /y⁵³/
Lanzhou /y⁵³/
Ürümqi /y⁵¹/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /y³¹/
Guiyang /i²¹/
Kunming /i³¹/
Nanjing /y²⁴/
Hefei /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /y¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵy¹³/
Hohhot /y³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ŋ̍²³/
/ɦy²³/
Suzhou /ɦy¹³/
/ŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦz̩ʷ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋøy³¹/
Hui Shexian /ny⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵy⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /y¹³/
Xiangtan /y¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵie⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /n̩¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋ̍¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jy²¹/
Nanning /y²¹/
Hong Kong /jy²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gu³⁵/
/hi³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋy⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋy³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /hɯ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zi³¹/
/hu³¹/
Rime
Character 魚さかな
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 疑うたぐ (31)
Final (韻いん) 魚さかな (22)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 語かたり居きょ切きり
Baxter ngjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiɔ/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 魚さかな
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r.ŋ]a/
English fish (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 魚さかな
Reading # 1/1
No. 15939
Phonetic
component 		魚さかな
Rime
group 		魚さかな
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		魚さかな
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋa/

Definitions

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魚さかな

  1. fish (Classifier: 條じょう／条じょう m c; 尾お m h mn)
  2. fish (as a food)
  3. (～日ひ) (telegraphy) the sixth day of a month
  4. † Alternative form of 漁りょう／渔 (yú)
  5. † Alternative form of 吾われ (OC *ŋaː).
  6. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 魚さかな (“fish”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 魚さかな
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 魚さかな
Taiwan 魚さかな
Singapore 魚さかな
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 魚さかな
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 魚さかな
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 魚さかな
Wanrong 魚さかな
Xi'an 魚さかな
Xining 魚さかな兒じ, 魚さかな娃兒
Xuzhou 魚さかな
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 魚さかな
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 魚さかな
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 魚さかな
Lanzhou 魚さかな兒じ
Ürümqi 魚さかな
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 魚さかな, 擺尾子こ
Wuhan 魚さかな
Guiyang 魚さかな
Guilin 魚さかな
Liuzhou 魚さかな
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 魚さかな
Yangzhou 魚さかな
Hefei 魚さかな
Cantonese Guangzhou 魚さかな
Hong Kong 魚さかな
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 魚さかな
Macau 魚さかな
Guangzhou (Panyu) 魚さかな
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 魚さかな
Guangzhou (Conghua) 魚さかな
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 魚さかな
Foshan 魚さかな
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 魚さかな
Foshan (Shunde) 魚さかな
Foshan (Sanshui) 魚さかな
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 魚さかな
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 魚さかな
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 魚さかな
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 魚さかな
Zhuhai (Doumen) 魚さかな
Jiangmen (Baisha) 魚さかな
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 魚さかな
Taishan 魚さかな
Kaiping (Chikan) 魚さかな
Enping (Niujiang) 魚さかな
Heshan (Yayao) 魚さかな
Dongguan 魚さかな
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 魚さかな
Yangjiang 魚さかな
Singapore (Guangfu) 魚さかな
Gan Nanchang 魚さかな
Lichuan 魚さかな
Pingxiang 魚さかな仔こ, 魚さかな
Hakka Meixian 魚さかな仔こ, 魚さかな
Dabu (Xihe) 魚さかな仔こ
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 魚さかな
Dongguan (Qingxi) 魚さかな
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 魚さかな
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 魚さかな
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 魚さかな
Wuhua (Huacheng) 魚さかな哩まいる
Wuhua (Changbu) 魚さかな哩まいる
Wuhua (Mianyang) 魚さかな哩まいる
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 魚さかな
Jiexi 魚さかな
Luhe 魚さかな
Changting 魚さかな
Longyan (Yongding) 魚さかな
Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) 魚さかな
Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) 魚さかな
Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) 魚さかな
Wuping (Zhongshan) 魚さかな
Liancheng (Peitian) 魚さかな
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 魚さかな
Yudu 魚子ななこ, 魚さかな
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 魚さかな仔こ
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 魚さかな仔こ
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 魚さかな仔こ
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 魚さかな
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 魚さかな仔こ, 魚さかな
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 魚さかな
Sabah (Longchuan) 魚さかな
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 魚さかな
Bangkok (Meixian) 魚さかな仔こ
Bangkok (Fengshun) 魚さかな
Huizhou Jixi 魚さかな
Jin Taiyuan 魚さかな
Xinzhou 魚さかな兒じ
Northern Min Jian'ou 魚さかな
Eastern Min Fuzhou 魚さかな
Southern Min Xiamen 魚さかな
Quanzhou 魚さかな
Jinjiang 魚さかな
Shishi 魚さかな
New Taipei (Tamsui) 魚さかな
New Taipei (Pingxi) 魚さかな
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 魚さかな
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 魚さかな
Yilan (Toucheng) 魚さかな
Tainan 魚さかな
Tainan (Anping) 魚さかな
Penghu (Xiyu) 魚さかな
Singapore (Hokkien) 魚さかな
Manila (Hokkien) 魚さかな
Chaozhou 魚さかな
Singapore (Teochew) 魚さかな
Leizhou 魚さかな
Haikou 魚さかな
Singapore (Hainanese) 魚さかな
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 魚さかな
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 魚さかな
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 魚さかな
Wu Shanghai 魚さかな, 啊魚
Shanghai (Chongming) 魚さかな
Suzhou 魚さかな
Danyang 魚さかな
Hangzhou 魚さかな
Wenzhou 魚さかな
Xiang Changsha 魚さかな
Shuangfeng 魚さかな

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (魚さかな):

References

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Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

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魚さかな

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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魚さかな (sakana): a fish used as a side dish
Kanji in this term
魚さかな
さかな
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
肴さかな

Cognate with 肴さかな (sakana, “side dish of meat or vegetables usually served with alcoholic beverages”), itself a compound of Old Japanese-derived elements 酒さけ (saka, bound apophonic form of sake2, “alcoholic beverage, especially sake”) +‎ 肴さかな, 菜さい, 魚さかな (na, “generic term for a side dish, especially vegetables, fish, or other meat”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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魚さかな(さかな) • (sakana) 

  1. a fish, especially when used as food
    庭にわ(にわ)で美よし(お)味あじ(い)しい魚さかな(さかな)を食しょく(た)べた。
    Niwa de oishii sakana o tabeta.
    I ate a delicious fish in the garden.
    • 2000 January 27, “レインボー・フィッシュ [Rainbow Fish]”, in Vol.7, Konami:
      世よ(よ)にも珍ちん(めずら)しい七なな(なな)色いろ(いろ)の魚さかな(さかな)。捕と(つか)まえるのはかなり難なん(むずか)しい。
      Yonimo mezurashii nanairo no sakana. Tsukamaeru no wa kanari muzukashii.
      An extremely rare seven-colored fish. It is quite difficult to catch.
    • 2011 May 14, “半はん(はん)魚さかな(ぎょ)獣しし(じゅう)・フィッシャービースト [Semi-Ichthyobestia Fisherbeast]”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami:
      陸りく(りく)では獣しし(けもの)のように、海うみ(うみ)では魚さかな(さかな)のように素もと(す)早はや(ばや)く攻おさむ(こう)撃げき(げき)する。
      Riku de wa kemono no yō ni, umi de wa sakana no yō ni subayaku kōgeki suru.
      Like a beast on land, like a fish in the sea, he attacks swiftly.
  2. a side dish, specifically referring to fish
    Synonym: お菜さい (okazu)
Usage notes
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  • This is now the most common general word for fish in modern standard Japanese.
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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魚さかな (uo): a fish
Kanji in this term
魚さかな
うお
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

/uwo/ → /uo/

From Old Japanese.[4][5]

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *uwo.

Pronunciation

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Dialectal data

Modern dialectal data

Note: The information are extracted per se, in a broad IPA transcription by the author. There may be inaccuracies in the data. For Hachijō and Ryukyuan data, see their corresponding entries.

/ɯ̈/ is a described as a "central vowel", but the precise transcription is unclear.

Data source (unless missing): Hirayama, Teruo (平山ひらやま 照男てるお), Ōshima Ichirō (大島おおしま 一郎いちろう), Ōno Masao (大野おおの 眞男まさお), Kuno Makoto (久野くの 眞しん), Kuno Mariko (久野くの マリ子まりこ), Sugimura Takao (杉村すぎむら 孝夫たかお) (1992-1994) 現代げんだい日本語にほんご方言ほうげん大だい辞典じてん [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治めいじ書院しょいん)


Other dialectal data

Kagoshima (1987) iu, Gifu (Hida) iuo, Toyama (1959), Fukui, Fukui (Ōban), Minami-Ise, Kishū, Wakayama, Tottori, Shimane, Hiroshima, Tokushima, Tosa, Shimabara (1953), Ōita, Ōsumi, Kagoshima (1987) io, Fukushima, Saitama (1989), Izu Ōshima, Hachijō, Shima, Kagoshima (1987) iyo, Sanuki, Setouchi, Tsushima, Kumamoto (1942), Kagoshima (1987) iwo, Sanuki ugo, Ishikawa, Tottori eo, Fukushima oyo, Fukui (Ōban), Shizuoka, Shima, Minami Ise, Yamato, Wakayama, Tottori, Shimane, Sanuki, Iyo yuo, Shizuoka yuō, Akita, Izu Ōshima, Hachijō yo, Yamgata yoi, Saitama, Tokyo, Fukui, Shizuoka, Tottori, Shimane yō, Iwate yoko.[5]


Noun

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魚さかな(うお) • (uo) ←うを (uwo)?

  1. a fish
Derived terms
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Derived terms
Idioms
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Idioms
Proverbs
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Proverbs

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
魚さかな
いお
Grade: 2
irregular

/uwo/ → /iwo/ → /io/

Alteration of older uo, appearing from roughly the Heian period. Alternatively this might be the usage of an apophonic form *iwo; compare Proto-Ryukyuan *iwo.

Still used today in some dialects.[7]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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魚さかな(いお) • (io) ←いを (iwo)?

  1. (archaic or dialectal, Kagoshima) a fish
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
魚さかな
ぎょ
Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 魚さかな (MC ngjo).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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魚さかな(ぎょ) • (gyo) 

  1. a fish
  2. Short for 魚鱗ぎょりん (gyorin): fish scales

Affix

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魚さかな(ぎょ) • (gyo) 

  1. fish
  2. fishlike
Derived terms
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Derived terms

References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくご大だい辞典じてん（新装しんそう版ばん） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代じだい別べつ国語こくご大だい辞典じてん 上代じょうだい編へん [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 139
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 “うお［うを］ 【魚さかな】”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくご大だい辞典じてん (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)  ‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新しん明解めいかい国語こくご辞典じてん [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. ^ “いお［いを］ 【魚さかな】”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくご大だい辞典じてん (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)  ‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 魚さかな (MC ngjo).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅥᆼ (Yale: ngè)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] 고기〮 (Yale: kwòkí) 어 (Yale: è)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

魚さかな (eumhun 물고기 어 (mulgogi eo))

  1. hanja form? of 어 (“fish”) [affix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [5]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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魚さかな

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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/ʔiu/ → /ʔiːu/ → /ʔiju/

Shift from iu below.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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魚さかな(いゆ) (iyu) 

  1. a fish
    魚さかな(いゆ)取と(とぅ)いが行くだり(い)ちゅん。
    Iyu tuiga ichun.
    I will go catch a fish.
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *iwo, from Proto-Japonic *iwo, apophonic form of *uwo. Cognate with Old Japanese 魚さかな (uwo).

Compare modern dialectal mainland Japanese 魚さかな (io), first appearing in print and becoming common from the Heian period, but likely extant earlier.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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魚さかな(いう) (iu) 

  1. a fish

References

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  1. ^ Okinawan Dictionary Data Collection

Old Japanese

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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魚さかな (uwo) (kana うを)

  1. a fish
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Cognate with 肴さかな (na, “side dish”),[1][2][3] by extension that can refer to any kind of meat.

Noun

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魚さかな (na) (kana な)

  1. a fish, especially when used as food
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, first variant poem 869, first variant:
      , text here
      多良たら志比しひ賣うり可か尾お能美のみ許もと等とう能のう奈都みやこ良りょう須等美び多多たた志こころざし世利せり斯 伊い志こころざし遠とお多礼たれ美吉みよし
      tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi-ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare mi1ki1
      Who saw the rock that rose up against us as we tried to catch the fish [or “catching sweetfishes”] belonging to the empress?
Derived terms
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Descendants
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References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくご大だい辞典じてん（新装しんそう版ばん） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉だいじせん [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

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Han character

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魚さかな: Hán Việt readings: ngư (語かたり(ngữ)居きょ(cư)切きり(thiết))[1][2][3]
魚さかな: Nôm readings: ngơ[1][2][3][4], ngư[1][2][3], ngớ[1][4], ngừ[3][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of ngư (“fish”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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魚さかな

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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魚さかな(いゆ) (iyu) 

  1. fish

Derived terms

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Yoron

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Kanji

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魚さかな

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Noun

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魚さかな(っゆー) (yyū) 

  1. fish
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