(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
代 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: づけ and
だい U+4EE3, 代
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EE3

[U+4EE2]
CJK Unified Ideographs れい
[U+4EE4]
U+3239, ㈹
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH REPRESENT

[U+3238]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+323A]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 

Han character

edit

だい (Kangxi radical 9, ひと+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input ひとほここころ (OIP), four-corner 23240, composition )

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 93, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 386
  • Dae Jaweon: page 197, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 113, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4EE3

Chinese

edit
simp. and trad.
だい
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character だい
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい形声けいせい, OC *l'ɯːɡs) : semantic (person) + phonetic (OC *lɯɡ)

Etymology 1

edit
state's name → toponym
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Is だい (OC *lˤək-s) related to (OC *lˤek, “northern barbarians”), the Spring and Autumn state's founders?”

Most of the people with this surname in Mainland China were originally with the surname (Dài) and was a result of second-round simplification of Chinese characters.

Pronunciation

edit

Note:
  • dô̤i - vernacular;
  • dâi - literary.
Note:
  • tē/tēr - vernacular;
  • tāi - literary;
  • tài - literary (limited, e.g. 交代こうたい (jiāodài)).
Note:
  • do7 - vernacular ("generation / dynasty / period");
  • dai3 - literary (in 交代こうたい);
  • toi3 - semantic ("to act for/as").
Note:
  • tai5 - literary;
  • tai4 - colloquial.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location だい
    Mandarin Beijing /tai⁵¹/
    Harbin /tai⁵³/
    Tianjin /tai⁵³/
    Jinan /tɛ²¹/
    Qingdao /tɛ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /tai³¹²/
    Xi'an /tai⁴⁴/
    Xining /tɛ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /tɛ¹³/
    Lanzhou /tɛ¹³/
    Ürümqi /tai²¹³/
    Wuhan /tai³⁵/
    Chengdu /tai¹³/
    Guiyang /tai²¹³/
    Kunming /tæ²¹²/
    Nanjing /tae⁴⁴/
    Hefei /te̞⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /tai⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /tæ³⁵/
    Hohhot /tɛ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /de²³/
    Suzhou /de̞³¹/
    Hangzhou /de̞¹³/
    Wenzhou /de²²/
    Hui Shexian /tʰɛ²²/
    Tunxi /tə¹¹/
    /ta⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /tai⁵⁵/
    /tai¹¹/
    Xiangtan /tai⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /tʰai²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /tʰoi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /tʰoi⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /tɔi²²/
    Nanning /tɔi²²/
    Hong Kong /tɔi²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tai²²/
    /te²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tɔy²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /to⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /tʰoi²¹³/
    /to³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdai³⁵/
    /ʔdai³³/
    /ʔde²³/

    Rime
    Character だい
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (こえ) じょう (7)
    Final (いん) (41)
    Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
    Openness (ひらきあい) Open
    Division (ひとし) I
    Fanqie たいきり
    Baxter dojH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /dʌiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /dəiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /dɒiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /dəjH/
    Li
    Rong
    /dᴀiH/
    Wang
    Li
    /dɒiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /dʱɑ̆iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    dài
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    doi6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character だい
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    dài
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ dojH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*lˁək-s/
    English replace

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character だい
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14963
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    だい
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    だい
    Old
    Chinese
    /*l'ɯːɡs/

    Definitions

    edit

    だい

    1. to replace; to take the place of
    2. to act for; to do something on behalf of
    3. to act as; to be the acting (president etc.)
    4. generation; age group
    5. historical period; era
    6. date; age
    7. dynasty; line of rulers
    8. (geology) era (geochronologic unit)
    9. (grammar) Short for 代名詞だいめいしだいめい (dàimíngcí); short for だいだい (dàicí, “pronoun”).
    10. (historical geography) Short for だいくにだいくに (Dàiguó, “state of Dai”).
    11. a surname
    Synonyms
    edit

    Compounds

    edit

    Descendants

    edit
    Sino-Xenic (だい):
    • Japanese: だい(だい) (dai)
    • Korean: 대(だい) (dae)
    • Vietnamese: đại (だい)

    Others:

    Etymology 2

    edit

    From こと (OC *zrɯs).

    Pronunciation

    edit

    Definitions

    edit

    だい

    1. (Southern Min) affair; matter

    Compounds

    edit

    Etymology 3

    edit
    For pronunciation and definitions of だい – see (“to wear something on the head; to carry on the head; etc.”).
    (This character is the second-round simplified form of ).
    Notes:

    References

    edit

    Japanese

    edit
     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    Kanji

    edit
    だい

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

    edit

    Compounds

    edit

    Etymology 1

    edit
    Kanji in this term
    だい
    しろ
    Grade: 3
    kun'yomi

    Pronunciation

    edit

    Noun

    edit

    だい(しろ) (shiro

    1. (archaic) substitution
    2. (archaic) price, cost, charge
    3. (historical) shiro, a unit of land

    Etymology 2

    edit
    Kanji in this term
    だい

    Grade: 3
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of だい – see the following entry.
    3
    [noun] world, society
    [noun] this world, this life
    [noun] (archaic) generation, age, era
    [noun] lifetime
    [noun] lifespan
    [noun] time of year, season
    [noun] relationship between a man and a woman
    [noun] period of a person leading as a patriarch (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    (This term, だい, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 3

    edit
    Kanji in this term
    だい
    だい
    Grade: 3
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese だい (MC dojH).

    Pronunciation

    edit

    Noun

    edit

    だい(だい) (dai

    1. price
    2. generation of a family
    3. reign of a royal
    4. decade
    5. era

    Counter

    edit

    だい(だい) (-dai

    1. generation of a royal family
    2. era, age, decade

    Suffix

    edit

    だい(だい) (-dai

    1. charge, fare, rate, fee, price, rent
      ふく(ふく)だい(だい)
      fuku-dai
      money spent on clothes; clothes money
      菓子かし(かし)だい(だい)
      o-kashi-dai
      snack money; snack fee
    2. (indicating years spanning a specific period) -ies, -hundreds
    Alternative forms
    edit

    References

    edit
    1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    edit

    Etymology

    edit

    From Middle Chinese だい (MC dojH).

    Pronunciation

    edit
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɛ(ː)] ~ [te̞(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)/(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    edit
    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    だい (eumhun 대신할 (daesinhal dae))
    だい (eumhun 세대 (sedae dae))

    1. hanja form? of (to replace) [prefix; affix]
    2. hanja form? of (generation) [noun; suffix; affix]

    Compounds

    edit

    References

    edit
    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさけい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅうけいきた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

    Vietnamese

    edit

    Han character

    edit

    だい: Hán Việt readings: đại ((đạc)たい(nại)きり(thiết))[1][2][3]
    だい: Nôm readings: đời[1][2][3][4][5], đãi[1][2][3], đại[1][2][5], dạy[1][2], dậy[1][2], rượi[3][4], đười[1], đợi[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of đại (representative).
    2. Nôm form of đời (life; world; generation; era).

    Compounds

    edit

    References

    edit