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Kirishima, Kagoshima: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 31°44′28″N 130°45′48″E / 31.74111°N 130.76333°E / 31.74111; 130.76333
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{{about|a current city|a former town|Kirishima, Kagoshima (town)}}
{{about|a current city|a former town|Kirishima, Kagoshima (town)}}
{{Infobox City Japan
{{Infobox settlement
|Name= Kirishima
| name = Kirishima
| official_name =
|JapaneseName= 霧島きりしま市し
| native_name = 霧島きりしま市し
|MapImage= Kirishima in Kagoshima Prefecture.png
| native_name_lang = ja
|Region= [[Kyūshū]]
| settlement_type = [[Cities of Japan|City]]
|Prefecture= [[Kagoshima Prefecture|Kagoshima]]
| other_name =
|District=
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
|ImageSkyline=Kirishima montage.png
| image_skyline = Kirishima montage.png
|ImageCaption=From top left: [[Kirishima-Jingū|Kirishima shrine]], [[Uenohara site]], [[Mount Kirishima]] from Maruoka, Producing Black Vinegar at Fukuyama, Ryokukeitouen of Eino-o Onsen, Kagoshima Airport.
| image_size =
|Area_km2=603.68
| image_caption = From top left: [[Kirishima-Jingū|Kirishima shrine]], [[Uenohara site]], [[Mount Kirishima]] from Maruoka, Producing [[black vinegar]] at Fukuyama, Ryokukeitouen of Eino-o Onsen, [[Kagoshima Airport]]
|PopDate=July 1, 2011
| image_flag = Flag of Kirishima, Kagoshima.svg
|Population=127,727
| image_seal = Emblem of Kirishima, Kagoshima.svg
|Density_km2=211.58
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
|Coords=
| image_map= {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=8}}
|LatitudeDegrees= 31
| image_map1 = Kirishima in Kagoshima Prefecture Ja.svg
|LatitudeMinutes= 49
| map_alt =
|LatitudeSeconds=
| map_caption = Location of Kirishima in Kagoshima Prefecture
|LongtitudeDegrees= 130
| pushpin_map = Japan#Japan Kagoshima Prefecture
|LongtitudeMinutes= 46
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Japan##Location of Kirishima in [[Kagoshima Prefecture]]
|LongtitudeSeconds=
| coordinates = {{coord|31|44|28|N|130|45|48|E|region:JP-46|display=inline,title}}
|Tree=Round Leaf [[Holly]] and [[Maple]]
| coordinates_footnotes =
|Flower=Kyushu [[Azalea]] and [[Nicotiana alata|Winged Tobacco]]
<!-- location -->
|Bird=
| subdivision_type = Country
|SymbolImage=Flag of Kirishima Kagoshima.JPG
| subdivision_name = {{JPN}}
|SymbolDescription= Flag
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
|Mayor= [[Shūji Maeda]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kyūshū]]
|CityHallPostalCode=899-4394
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
|CityHallAddress=3-45-1, Kokubu Chūō, Kirishima-shi, Kagoshima-ken
| subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Kagoshima}}
|CityHallPhone= 0995-45-5111
<!-- government type, leaders -->
|CityHallLink= [http://www.city-kirishima.jp/ Kirishima City]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Shin'ichi Nakashige
<!-- area -->
| area_total_km2 = 603.71
<!-- population -->
| population_total = 123,640
| population_as_of = May 1, 2024
| population_density_km2 = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
| utc_offset1 = +09:00
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 899-4394
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1 = Phone&nbsp;number
| blank_info_sec1 = 0995-45-5111
| blank1_name_sec1 = Address
| blank1_info_sec1 = 3-45-1 Kokubuchūō, Kirishima-shi, Kagoshima-ken
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website = {{Official|1=https://www.city-kirishima.jp/}}
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| tree = ''[[Ilex rotunda]]''<br>''[[Maple|Acer]]''
| flower = ''[[Rhododendron kiusianum]]''<br>''[[Nicotiana × sanderae]]''
| bird =
| flowering_tree =
| butterfly =
| fish =
| other_symbols =
}}
}}
}}
[[File:Inukai no taki video.ogv|thumb|Inukai waterfall in Kirishima]]
[[File:ISS034-E-027139.jpg|thumb|right|300px|An image taken from the International Space Station showing Kirishima and its surroundings on January 10, 2013]]
{{nihongo|'''Kirishima'''|霧島きりしま市し|Kirishima-shi}} is a [[cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Kagoshima Prefecture|Kagoshima]], [[Japan]].
[[file:Kirishima City Hall.jpg|right|thumb|270px|Kirishima City Hall]]

{{Nihongo|'''Kirishima'''|霧島きりしま市し|Kirishima-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Kagoshima Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. {{As of |2024|05|01}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 123,640 in 63202 households, and a [[population density]] of 200 persons per km<sup>2</sup>. <ref name="Kirishima-hp">{{cite web |url=https://www.city.nishinoomote.lg.jp/admin/index.htmll|title= Kirishima City official statistics|location= Japan|language= ja}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{cvt|603.17|km2}}. Kirishima has the second largest population of the cities in [[Kagoshima Prefecture]]. It is a crossroads for commerce between Kagoshima and [[Miyazaki Prefecture|Miyazaki]] Prefectures. It is also the home of the [[Kagoshima Airport]], the terminus for the JR Hisatsu line, and is served by two major expressways. The former Kokubu-Hayato area was designated as a "Technopolis" as high tech industries such as [[Sony]] and [[Kyocera]] opened facilities in the city.
Kirishima has the second largest population of the cities in [[Kagoshima Prefecture]]. It is a crossroads for commerce between
Kagoshima and [[Miyazaki Prefecture|Miyazaki]] prefectures. It is also the home of the [[Kagoshima Airport]], the terminus for the JR Hisatsu line, and is served by two major expressways. The former Kokubu-Hayato area was designated as a "Technopolis" as high tech industries such as [[Sony]] and [[Kyocera]] opened facilities in the city.

As of July 1, 2011, the city has an estimated [[population]] of 127,727 with 58,159 [[household]]s. The total area is 603.68&nbsp;km².


==Geography==
The city was founded on November 7, 2005 from the merger of the city of [[Kokubu, Kagoshima|Kokubu]] with six towns from [[Aira District, Kagoshima|Aira District]]: [[Fukuyama, Kagoshima|Fukuyama]], [[Hayato, Kagoshima|Hayato]], (the town of) [[Kirishima, Kagoshima (town)|Kirishima]], [[Makizono, Kagoshima|Makizono]], [[Mizobe, Kagoshima|Mizobe]], and [[Yokogawa, Kagoshima|Yokogawa]].
Kirishima is located in central Kagoshima Prefecture, facing [[Kagoshima Bay]] to the south and bordered by the volcanic [[Mount Kirishima|Kirishima Mountains]] to the east. Parts of the city are within the borders of the [[Kirishima-Yaku National Park]].


==History==
The city was founded on November 7, 2005, from the merger of the city of [[Kokubu, Kagoshima|Kokubu]] with six towns from [[Aira District, Kagoshima|Aira District]]: [[Fukuyama, Kagoshima|Fukuyama]], [[Hayato, Kagoshima|Hayato]], (the town of) [[Kirishima, Kagoshima (town)|Kirishima]], [[Makizono, Kagoshima|Makizono]], [[Mizobe, Kagoshima|Mizobe]], and [[Yokogawa, Kagoshima|Yokogawa]]. The [[Uenohara site]] dates from the [[Jōmon period]]. Shrines include [[Kirishima-Jingū]].

==Topography==
*Mountains
*Mountains
**[[Mount Kirishima]] (see [[List of volcanoes in Japan]])[http://www.ouramazingplanet.com/japanese-volcano-kirishima-eruption-110126-1020/]
**[[Mount Kirishima]] (see [[List of volcanoes in Japan]])
**Takachiho no-mine
**Takachiho no-mine
**[[Shinmoedake]]
**[[Shinmoedake]]
**Karakuni dake
**Karakuni dake
**Eboshi dake
**Eboshi dake
*National park
**[[Kirishima-Yaku National Park]]
*Plain: Kokubu heiya
[[File:ISS034-E-027139.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Kirishima and surroundings]]
{{clear}}


== Neighboring municipalities ==
===Surrounding municipalities===
*[[Kagoshima Prefecture]]
*[[Satsumasendai, Kagoshima| Satsumasendai]]
**[[Aira, Kagoshima (Aira)|Aira]]
*[[Kanoya, Kagoshima|Kanoya]]
**[[Kanoya, Kagoshima|Kanoya]]
*[[Soo, Kagoshima|Soo]]
**[[Satsumasendai, Kagoshima|Satsumasendai]]
*[[Tarumizu, Kagoshima|Tarumizu]]
**[[Soo, Kagoshima|Soo]]
*[[Aira, Kagoshima|Aira]]
**[[Tarumizu, Kagoshima|Tarumizu]]
*[[Satsuma, Kagoshima|Satsuma]]
**[[Satsuma District, Kagoshima|Satsuma District]]
*[[Yūsui, Kagoshima| Yūsui]]
*[[Miyazaki Prefecture]]
Miyazaki Prefecture
**[[Miyakonojo, Miyazaki|Miyakonojo]]
*[[Miyakonojo, Miyazaki| Miyakonojo]]
**[[Kobayashi, Miyazaki|Kobayashi]]
*[[Kobayashi, Miyazaki|Kobayashi]]
**[[Ebino, Miyazaki|Ebino]]
*[[Ebino, Miyazaki|Ebino]]
**[[Nishimorokata District, Miyazaki|Nishimorokata District]]
*[[Takaharu, Miyazaki|Takaharu]]


==Economy==
===Climate===
Kirishima has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa'') with hot summers and mild winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, and is heavier in summer, especially the months of June and July. The average annual temperature in Kirishima is {{convert|15.4|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|2830.7|mm}} with June as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around {{convert|25.2|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{convert|5.3|C}}.<ref name ="normals"/> Its record high is {{cvt|35.1|C}}, reached on 17 August 2020, and its record low is {{cvt|-8.6|C}}, reached on 25 January 2016.<ref name = "extremes"/>
[[File:Japan Air CommuterHQ.jpg|thumb|[[Japan Air Commuter]] headquarters]]
[[Japan Air Commuter]] has its headquarters in Kirishima.<ref>"[http://www.jac.co.jp/company_info/index.html 会社かいしゃ概要がいよう]." [[Japan Air Commuter]]. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.</ref>


{{Weather box
== Transportation ==
|width=auto
===Railways===
|collapsed = Y
Both lines are operated by [[Kyushu Railway Company]] (JR Kyushu)
|single line = Y
*[[Nippō Main Line]]
|metric first = Y
*[[Hisatsu Line]]
|location = Kirishima (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present)
|Jan record high C = 19.4
|Feb record high C = 20.9
|Mar record high C = 23.8
|Apr record high C = 26.9
|May record high C = 31.1
|Jun record high C = 31.8
|Jul record high C = 34.4
|Aug record high C = 35.1
|Sep record high C = 33.3
|Oct record high C = 30.3
|Nov record high C = 25.8
|Dec record high C = 21.5
|Jan record low C = -8.6
|Feb record low C = -7.8
|Mar record low C = -5.6
|Apr record low C = 0.2
|May record low C = 2.4
|Jun record low C = 11.7
|Jul record low C = 15.3
|Aug record low C = 17.1
|Sep record low C = 10.3
|Oct record low C = 3.4
|Nov record low C = -2.8
|Dec record low C = -5.5
|Jan high C = 9.5
|Feb high C = 11.1
|Mar high C = 14.3
|Apr high C = 18.8
|May high C = 22.8
|Jun high C = 24.7
|Jul high C = 28.8
|Aug high C = 29.7
|Sep high C = 27.2
|Oct high C = 22.6
|Nov high C = 17.2
|Dec high C = 11.8
|Jan mean C = 5.3
|Feb mean C = 6.5
|Mar mean C = 9.5
|Apr mean C = 13.9
|May mean C = 17.9
|Jun mean C = 20.9
|Jul mean C = 24.7
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 22.7
|Oct mean C = 18.0
|Nov mean C = 12.7
|Dec mean C = 7.5
|Jan low C = 1.5
|Feb low C = 2.3
|Mar low C = 5.2
|Apr low C = 9.5
|May low C = 14.0
|Jun low C = 18.1
|Jul low C = 22.0
|Aug low C = 22.4
|Sep low C = 19.5
|Oct low C = 14.3
|Nov low C = 8.7
|Dec low C = 3.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 73.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 119.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 174.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 204.3
|May precipitation mm = 238.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 644.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 459.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 307.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 304.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 121.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 104.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 78.1
|year precipitation mm = 2830.7
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 8.3
|Feb precipitation days = 9.0
|Mar precipitation days = 12.7
|Apr precipitation days = 11.5
|May precipitation days = 11.1
|Jun precipitation days = 17.4
|Jul precipitation days = 13.8
|Aug precipitation days = 13.4
|Sep precipitation days = 11.7
|Oct precipitation days = 7.8
|Nov precipitation days = 8.3
|Dec precipitation days = 7.1
|Jan sun = 145.2
|Feb sun = 144.0
|Mar sun = 166.2
|Apr sun = 174.3
|May sun = 174.9
|Jun sun = 101.7
|Jul sun = 162.7
|Aug sun = 180.3
|Sep sun = 151.6
|Oct sun = 178.4
|Nov sun = 153.5
|Dec sun = 150.3
|year sun = 1883.3
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref name=extremes>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=88&block_no=0935&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測かんそく史上しじょう1～10位いの値ね（年間ねんかんを通つうじての値ね）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 27, 2022}}</ref><ref name=normals>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=88&block_no=0935&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:気象庁きしょうちょう / 平年へいねん値ち（年とし・月がつごとの値ね）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 27, 2022}}</ref>}}


{{Weather box
===Highways===
|width=auto
*[[Route 10 (Japan)|National Highway 10]]
|collapsed = Y
*[[Route 220 (Japan)|National Highway 220]]
|single line = Y
*[[Route 223 (Japan)|National Highway 223]]
|metric first = Y
*[[Route 504 (Japan)|National Highway 504]]
|location = [[Mizobe, Kagoshima|Mizobe]], Kirishima (1995−2020 normals, extremes 1995−present)
*[[Kyushu Expressway]]
|Jan record high C = 20.8
*Higashi Kyushu Expressway
|Feb record high C = 21.7
|Mar record high C = 24.8
|Apr record high C = 27.9
|May record high C = 31.8
|Jun record high C = 32.3
|Jul record high C = 35.1
|Aug record high C = 36.2
|Sep record high C = 33.8
|Oct record high C = 31.0
|Nov record high C = 26.7
|Dec record high C = 21.7
|Jan record low C = -10.7
|Feb record low C = -7.7
|Mar record low C = -4.3
|Apr record low C = -0.7
|May record low C = 4.3
|Jun record low C = 9.0
|Jul record low C = 15.4
|Aug record low C = 15.2
|Sep record low C = 9.8
|Oct record low C = 2.4
|Nov record low C = -2.4
|Dec record low C = -6.4
|Jan high C = 10.5
|Feb high C = 12.4
|Mar high C = 15.7
|Apr high C = 20.3
|May high C = 24.3
|Jun high C = 26.0
|Jul high C = 30.0
|Aug high C = 30.9
|Sep high C = 28.3
|Oct high C = 23.8
|Nov high C = 18.2
|Dec high C = 12.7
|Jan mean C = 5.4
|Feb mean C = 6.9
|Mar mean C = 10.0
|Apr mean C = 14.5
|May mean C = 18.7
|Jun mean C = 21.8
|Jul mean C = 25.5
|Aug mean C = 26.0
|Sep mean C = 23.3
|Oct mean C = 18.3
|Nov mean C = 12.7
|Dec mean C = 7.3
|Jan low C = 0.5
|Feb low C = 1.6
|Mar low C = 4.5
|Apr low C = 8.9
|May low C = 13.5
|Jun low C = 18.2
|Jul low C = 22.0
|Aug low C = 22.3
|Sep low C = 19.3
|Oct low C = 13.6
|Nov low C = 7.7
|Dec low C = 2.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 70.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 119.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 177.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 207.0
|May precipitation mm = 227.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 625.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 451.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 264.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 251.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 110.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 105.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 82.9
|year precipitation mm = 2692.8
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 7.9
|Feb precipitation days = 8.8
|Mar precipitation days = 12.1
|Apr precipitation days = 11.1
|May precipitation days = 10.4
|Jun precipitation days = 16.5
|Jul precipitation days = 14.2
|Aug precipitation days = 12.3
|Sep precipitation days = 10.4
|Oct precipitation days = 7.4
|Nov precipitation days = 8.3
|Dec precipitation days = 7.5
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=88&block_no=0881&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測かんそく史上しじょう1～10位いの値ね（年間ねんかんを通つうじての値ね）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 29, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=88&block_no=0881&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:気象庁きしょうちょう / 平年へいねん値ち（年とし・月がつごとの値ね）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 29, 2022}}</ref>}}


===Bus===
===Demographics===
Per Japanese census data, the population of Kirishima is as shown below:<ref>[https://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/ac09/tokei/bunya/kokutyo/r2kokutyo/documents/96217_20220131143258-1.pdf Kagoshima Prefecture population by municipality]</ref>
*Kagoshima Kotsu
*Iwasaki Bus Network
*Nangoku Kotsu


{{Historical populations
===Airport===
| 1920 | 86,198
[[Kagoshima Airport]] in City of Kirishima
| 1930 | 90,540
| 1940 | 90,973
| 1950 | 122,982
| 1960 | 113,032
| 1970 | 95,326
| 1980 | 102,157
| 1990 | 116,247
| 2000 | 127,912
| 2010 | 127,487
| 2020 | 123,135
|align = none
| footnote =
}}

==History==
The area of Kirishima has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The [[Uenohara site]] dates from the [[Jōmon period]], and in the [[Kofun period]] the area was a stronghold of the [[Hayato people]]. In the [[Nara period]], it became the center of ancient [[Ōsumi Province]], and the location of the [[kokufu|provincial capital]] and [[Provincial temple]]. The area largely became part of [[Shimazu Estate|Shimazu ''shōen'']] from the late [[Heian period]], and continued to be ruled by the [[Shimazu clan]] throughout the [[Edo Period]].

The modern city of Kirishima was established on November 7, 2005, from the merger of the city of [[Kokubu, Kagoshima|Kokubu]], and the towns of [[Fukuyama, Kagoshima|Fukuyama]], [[Hayato, Kagoshima|Hayato]], [[Kirishima, Kagoshima (town)|Kirishima]] (former), [[Makizono, Kagoshima|Makizono]], [[Mizobe, Kagoshima|Mizobe]] and [[Yokogawa, Kagoshima|Yokogawa]] (all from [[Aira District, Kagoshima|Aira District]]).

==Government==
Kirishima has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 25 members. Kirishima, collectively with the town of Yūsui, contributes four members to the Kagoshima Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the [[Kagoshima 4th district]] of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].

== Economy ==
Kirishima has a mixed economy. Agriculture still plays a major role, with main specialty products: strawberries, tomatoes, burdock, green onions, buckwheat, leaf tobacco, mandarin oranges, tea, chestnuts, shiitake mushrooms, beef cattle, eel, etc. Local leaf tobacco production is said to have begun in 1606, shortly after tobacco was introduced to Japan. Since then, it has continued to be one of the leading production areas in Japan, but in recent years it has been steadily shrinking. Taking advantage of the geographical conditions resulting from the opening of Kagoshima Airport and the Kyushu Expressway, the city has encouraged high-tech industries such as Sony and Kyocera to build large scale production plants in the area. On the other hand, Kirishima is also a tourist destination, noted for its volcanoes, [[onsen|hot springs]] and historic sites.

[[Japan Air Commuter]] has its headquarters in Kirishima.<ref>"[http://www.jac.co.jp/company_info/index.html 会社かいしゃ概要がいよう]." [[Japan Air Commuter]]. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
===Colleges and universities===
*[[Daiichi Institute of Technology]]
*[[Shigakukan University]]
*[[Shigakukan University]]

===Primary and secondary education===
Kirishima has 35 public elementary high schools, 12 public junior high school and one public high school operated by the city government, and four public high schools operated by the Kagoshima Prefectural Board of Education. There is also one private junior high and one private high school. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.

==Transportation==
===Airport===
*[[Kagoshima Airport]]

===Railways===
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|frameless|20x20px]] [[Kyushu Railway Company|JR Kyushu]] - [[Nippō Main Line]]
* {{STN|Kita-Naganoda}} - {{STN|Kirishima-Jingū}} - {{STN|Kokubu|Kagoshima}} - {{STN|Hayato|Kagoshima}}
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|frameless|20x20px]] [[Kyushu Railway Company|JR Kyushu]] - [[Hisatsu Line]]
* {{STN|Hayato|Kagoshima}} - {{STN|Hinatayama}} - {{STN|Hyōkiyama}} - {{STN|Nakafukura}} - {{STN|Kareigawa}} - {{STN|Kirishima-Onsen}} - {{STN|Uemura}} - {{STN|Ōsumi-Yokogawa}}

===Highway===
* [[File:JP Expressway E3.svg|30px|link=|alt=]] [[Kyushu Expressway]]: Yokogawa IC - Mizobe PA - Mizobe-Kagoshima Airport IC
* [[File:JP Expressway E78.svg|30px|link=|alt=]] [[Higashikyushu Expressway]]: Kokubu IC - Hayato-Higashi IC - Hayato-Nishi IC
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|10}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|220}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|223}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|504}}

==Sister city relations==
*{{flagdeco|USA}}, [[Sonora, California]], United States,

==Local attractions==
*[[Kirishima Shrine]]
*[[Kagoshima Shrine]]
*[[Takachiho-gawara]]
* [[Kokubu Castle]] - A castle ruin, death place of [[Shimazu Yoshihisa]]
*[[Uenohara Site]]
*[[Hayatozuka]]
*[[Ōsumi Kokubun-ji]] ruins

==Notable people from Kirishima==
*[[Hayato Tani]], Actor and TV presenter
*[[Kento Tachibanada]], Professional footballer

==See also==
{{Portal|Japan}}
*[[Matsushita Museum of Art]]


==References==
==References==
Line 104: Line 396:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Portal|Japan}}
*{{url|http://www.city-kirishima.jp|Kirishima City official website}} {{in lang|ja}}
{{commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.kagoshima-kankou.com/for/ Kagoshima Prefectural Visitors Bureau official website] {{en icon}}
* [http://www.kagoshima-kankou.com/for/ Kagoshima Prefectural Visitors Bureau official website] {{in lang|en}}
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* [http://www.city-kirishima.jp/ Official website of Kirishima] {{ja icon}}

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[[Category:Kirishima, Kagoshima| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Kagoshima Prefecture]]
[[Category:Cities in Kagoshima Prefecture]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Japan]]
[[Category:Kyocera]]

Revision as of 02:50, 19 May 2024

This article is about a current city. For a former town, see Kirishima, Kagoshima (town).
Kirishima
霧島きりしま市し
City
From top left: Kirishima shrine, Uenohara site, Mount Kirishima from Maruoka, Producing black vinegar at Fukuyama, Ryokukeitouen of Eino-o Onsen, Kagoshima Airport
From top left: Kirishima shrine, Uenohara site, Mount Kirishima from Maruoka, Producing black vinegar at Fukuyama, Ryokukeitouen of Eino-o Onsen, Kagoshima Airport
Flag of Kirishima
Flag
Official seal of Kirishima
Seal
Map
Location of Kirishima in Kagoshima Prefecture
Location of Kirishima
Kirishima is located in Japan
Kirishima
Kirishima
Location in Japan
Kirishima is located in Kagoshima Prefecture
Kirishima
Kirishima
Location of Kirishima in Kagoshima Prefecture
Coordinates: 31°44′28″N 130°45′48″E / 31.74111°N 130.76333°E / 31.74111; 130.76333
Country Japan
RegionKyūshū
Prefecture Kagoshima
Government
 • MayorShin'ichi Nakashige
Area
 • Total603.71 km2 (233.09 sq mi)
Population
 (May 1, 2024)
 • Total123,640
 • Density200/km2 (530/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+09:00 (JST)
Postal code
899-4394
Phone number0995-45-5111
Address3-45-1 Kokubuchūō, Kirishima-shi, Kagoshima-ken
ClimateCfa
WebsiteOfficial website
Symbols
FlowerRhododendron kiusianum
Nicotiana × sanderae
TreeIlex rotunda
Acer
An image taken from the International Space Station showing Kirishima and its surroundings on January 10, 2013
Kirishima City Hall

Kirishima (霧島きりしま市し, Kirishima-shi) is a city located in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2024, the city had an estimated population of 123,640 in 63202 households, and a population density of 200 persons per km2. [1] The total area of the city is 603.17 km2 (232.89 sq mi). Kirishima has the second largest population of the cities in Kagoshima Prefecture. It is a crossroads for commerce between Kagoshima and Miyazaki Prefectures. It is also the home of the Kagoshima Airport, the terminus for the JR Hisatsu line, and is served by two major expressways. The former Kokubu-Hayato area was designated as a "Technopolis" as high tech industries such as Sony and Kyocera opened facilities in the city.

Geography

Kirishima is located in central Kagoshima Prefecture, facing Kagoshima Bay to the south and bordered by the volcanic Kirishima Mountains to the east. Parts of the city are within the borders of the Kirishima-Yaku National Park.

Surrounding municipalities

Miyazaki Prefecture

Climate

Kirishima has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and mild winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, and is heavier in summer, especially the months of June and July. The average annual temperature in Kirishima is 15.4 °C (59.7 °F). The average annual rainfall is 2,830.7 mm (111.44 in) with June as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.2 °C (77.4 °F), and lowest in January, at around 5.3 °C (41.5 °F).[2] Its record high is 35.1 °C (95.2 °F), reached on 17 August 2020, and its record low is −8.6 °C (16.5 °F), reached on 25 January 2016.[3]

Climate data for Kirishima (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.4
(66.9) 		20.9
(69.6) 		23.8
(74.8) 		26.9
(80.4) 		31.1
(88.0) 		31.8
(89.2) 		34.4
(93.9) 		35.1
(95.2) 		33.3
(91.9) 		30.3
(86.5) 		25.8
(78.4) 		21.5
(70.7) 		35.1
(95.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.5
(49.1) 		11.1
(52.0) 		14.3
(57.7) 		18.8
(65.8) 		22.8
(73.0) 		24.7
(76.5) 		28.8
(83.8) 		29.7
(85.5) 		27.2
(81.0) 		22.6
(72.7) 		17.2
(63.0) 		11.8
(53.2) 		19.9
(67.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5) 		6.5
(43.7) 		9.5
(49.1) 		13.9
(57.0) 		17.9
(64.2) 		20.9
(69.6) 		24.7
(76.5) 		25.2
(77.4) 		22.7
(72.9) 		18.0
(64.4) 		12.7
(54.9) 		7.5
(45.5) 		15.4
(59.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.5
(34.7) 		2.3
(36.1) 		5.2
(41.4) 		9.5
(49.1) 		14.0
(57.2) 		18.1
(64.6) 		22.0
(71.6) 		22.4
(72.3) 		19.5
(67.1) 		14.3
(57.7) 		8.7
(47.7) 		3.5
(38.3) 		11.8
(53.2)
Record low °C (°F) −8.6
(16.5) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		0.2
(32.4) 		2.4
(36.3) 		11.7
(53.1) 		15.3
(59.5) 		17.1
(62.8) 		10.3
(50.5) 		3.4
(38.1) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−8.6
(16.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 73.4
(2.89) 		119.8
(4.72) 		174.3
(6.86) 		204.3
(8.04) 		238.2
(9.38) 		644.6
(25.38) 		459.7
(18.10) 		307.7
(12.11) 		304.4
(11.98) 		121.7
(4.79) 		104.6
(4.12) 		78.1
(3.07) 		2,830.7
(111.44)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 8.3 9.0 12.7 11.5 11.1 17.4 13.8 13.4 11.7 7.8 8.3 7.1 132.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 145.2 144.0 166.2 174.3 174.9 101.7 162.7 180.3 151.6 178.4 153.5 150.3 1,883.3
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[3][2]
Climate data for Mizobe, Kirishima (1995−2020 normals, extremes 1995−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.8
(69.4) 		21.7
(71.1) 		24.8
(76.6) 		27.9
(82.2) 		31.8
(89.2) 		32.3
(90.1) 		35.1
(95.2) 		36.2
(97.2) 		33.8
(92.8) 		31.0
(87.8) 		26.7
(80.1) 		21.7
(71.1) 		36.2
(97.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.5
(50.9) 		12.4
(54.3) 		15.7
(60.3) 		20.3
(68.5) 		24.3
(75.7) 		26.0
(78.8) 		30.0
(86.0) 		30.9
(87.6) 		28.3
(82.9) 		23.8
(74.8) 		18.2
(64.8) 		12.7
(54.9) 		21.1
(70.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.4
(41.7) 		6.9
(44.4) 		10.0
(50.0) 		14.5
(58.1) 		18.7
(65.7) 		21.8
(71.2) 		25.5
(77.9) 		26.0
(78.8) 		23.3
(73.9) 		18.3
(64.9) 		12.7
(54.9) 		7.3
(45.1) 		15.9
(60.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.5
(32.9) 		1.6
(34.9) 		4.5
(40.1) 		8.9
(48.0) 		13.5
(56.3) 		18.2
(64.8) 		22.0
(71.6) 		22.3
(72.1) 		19.3
(66.7) 		13.6
(56.5) 		7.7
(45.9) 		2.4
(36.3) 		11.2
(52.2)
Record low °C (°F) −10.7
(12.7) 		−7.7
(18.1) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		4.3
(39.7) 		9.0
(48.2) 		15.4
(59.7) 		15.2
(59.4) 		9.8
(49.6) 		2.4
(36.3) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−10.7
(12.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 70.2
(2.76) 		119.2
(4.69) 		177.3
(6.98) 		207.0
(8.15) 		227.3
(8.95) 		625.9
(24.64) 		451.2
(17.76) 		264.1
(10.40) 		251.7
(9.91) 		110.5
(4.35) 		105.5
(4.15) 		82.9
(3.26) 		2,692.8
(106.02)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7.9 8.8 12.1 11.1 10.4 16.5 14.2 12.3 10.4 7.4 8.3 7.5 126.9
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[4][5]

Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Kirishima is as shown below:[6]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1920 86,198—    
1930 90,540+5.0%
1940 90,973+0.5%
1950 122,982+35.2%
1960 113,032−8.1%
1970 95,326−15.7%
1980 102,157+7.2%
1990 116,247+13.8%
2000 127,912+10.0%
2010 127,487−0.3%
2020 123,135−3.4%

History

The area of Kirishima has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The Uenohara site dates from the Jōmon period, and in the Kofun period the area was a stronghold of the Hayato people. In the Nara period, it became the center of ancient Ōsumi Province, and the location of the provincial capital and Provincial temple. The area largely became part of Shimazu shōen from the late Heian period, and continued to be ruled by the Shimazu clan throughout the Edo Period.

The modern city of Kirishima was established on November 7, 2005, from the merger of the city of Kokubu, and the towns of Fukuyama, Hayato, Kirishima (former), Makizono, Mizobe and Yokogawa (all from Aira District).

Government

Kirishima has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 25 members. Kirishima, collectively with the town of Yūsui, contributes four members to the Kagoshima Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Kagoshima 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy

Kirishima has a mixed economy. Agriculture still plays a major role, with main specialty products: strawberries, tomatoes, burdock, green onions, buckwheat, leaf tobacco, mandarin oranges, tea, chestnuts, shiitake mushrooms, beef cattle, eel, etc. Local leaf tobacco production is said to have begun in 1606, shortly after tobacco was introduced to Japan. Since then, it has continued to be one of the leading production areas in Japan, but in recent years it has been steadily shrinking. Taking advantage of the geographical conditions resulting from the opening of Kagoshima Airport and the Kyushu Expressway, the city has encouraged high-tech industries such as Sony and Kyocera to build large scale production plants in the area. On the other hand, Kirishima is also a tourist destination, noted for its volcanoes, hot springs and historic sites.

Japan Air Commuter has its headquarters in Kirishima.[7]

Education

Colleges and universities

Primary and secondary education

Kirishima has 35 public elementary high schools, 12 public junior high school and one public high school operated by the city government, and four public high schools operated by the Kagoshima Prefectural Board of Education. There is also one private junior high and one private high school. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.

Transportation

Airport

Railways

JR Kyushu - Nippō Main Line

JR Kyushu - Hisatsu Line

Highway

Sister city relations

Local attractions

Notable people from Kirishima

See also

References

  1. ^ "Kirishima City official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
  2. ^ a b 気象庁きしょうちょう / 平年へいねん値ち（年とし・月がつごとの値ね）. JMA. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  3. ^ a b 観測かんそく史上しじょう1～10位いの値ね（年間ねんかんを通つうじての値ね）. JMA. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  4. ^ 観測かんそく史上しじょう1～10位いの値ね（年間ねんかんを通つうじての値ね）. JMA. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  5. ^ 気象庁きしょうちょう / 平年へいねん値ち（年とし・月がつごとの値ね）. JMA. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  6. ^ Kagoshima Prefecture population by municipality
  7. ^ "会社かいしゃ概要がいよう." Japan Air Commuter. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.

External links

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