Telue language

Telue
Telue
White Gelao
Duoluo
Native to	China, Vietnam
Region	Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan, Ha Giang Province
Native speakers	(1,220 cited 1987)
Language family	Kra–Dai Kra Ge–Chi Gelao Telue; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	giw
Glottolog	whit1267
ELP	White Gelao

Telue (pinyin transcription: Duoluo 多た罗; Tolo) or White Gelao is a Gelao language spoken in China and Vietnam.^[2]^[3]

Dialects

The primary dialectal areas where Telue (White Gelao) is still spoken are:^[4]

Guizhou, China (in Liuzhi Special District^[5]): Judu 居い都と
Guangxi, China (in Longlin County): Moji 磨すり基もと (also spoken in Wantao 湾わん桃もも)
Yunnan, China (in Malipo County): Yueliangwan 月がつ亮あきら湾わん (also spoken in Fengyan 峰ほう岩がん and Laozhai 老ろう寨)
Vietnam (in Hà Giang Province)^[6]

Phonology

Duoluo has many uvular and prenasalized consonants.^[7]

Consonants

		Labial			Dental/ Alveolar		(Alveolo-) palatal	Velar			Uvular	Glottal
		plain	pal.	lat.	plain	pal.	(Alveolo-) palatal	plain	pal.	lab.	Uvular	plain	pal.
Stop	voiceless	p	pʲ	pˡ	t	tʲ		k	kʲ	kʷ	q	ʔ	ʔʲ
	aspirated	pʰ	pʲʰ	pˡʰ	tʰ	tʲʰ		kʰ	kʲʰ	kʷʰ	qʰ
	voiced	b	bʲ	bˡ	d	dʲ		ɡ
Affricate	voiceless				ts		tɕ
	aspirated				tsʰ		(tɕʰ)
	voiced				dz		dʑ
Fricative	voiceless	f			s		ɕ					h
Fricative	voiced	v			z			ɣ
Nasal	voiceless	m̥			n̥		ɲ̟̊	ŋ̊
Nasal	voiced	m	mʲ	mˡ	n		ɲ̟	ŋ
Lateral	fricative				ɬ
	glide				l	lʲ						ˀl
	labial				lʷ
Approximant							j			(w)

The sound of the affricates /ts, tsʰ, dz/ are frequently close to interdental affricate sounds [tθしーた, tθしーたʰ, dð].
The pronunciation of /j/ can sometimes be close to an alveolo-palatal sound [ʑ], but not as fully articulated.
/ŋ/ can also form a syllabic nasal [ŋ̍].
Sounds /tɕʰ, w/ mainly appear in modern Chinese loanwords.

Vowels

	Front		Central	Back
Close	i	y		ɯ	u
Mid	e		ə	o
Open	a			ɑ
Syllabic			ɹ̩

/ɹ̩/ only is heard after dental/alveolar fricatives and affricates only, /i/ is never heard in this position.
/ə/ and /ɯ/ are typically free variants of each other. When used as a single vowel, it is commonly heard as [ɯ], but when followed by a back vowel /ɯ, u/ it is pronounced as [ə].^[8]

References

^ Telue at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)
^ Zhang Jimin 张済民みん. 1993. Gelao yu yan jiu 仡佬语研究けんきゅう (A study of Gelao). Guiyang, China: Guizhou People's Press 贵州民族みんぞく出版しゅっぱん社しゃ.
^ Zhou Guoyan 周しゅう国こく炎えん. 2004. Gelao zu mu yu sheng tai yan jiu 仡佬族ぞく母語ぼご生せい态硏究けんきゅう (Studies on the linguistic ecology of the Gelao people). Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House 民族みんぞく出版しゅっぱん社しゃ.
^ Li Jinfang [李り锦芳]. 2006. Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南せいなん地区ちく濒危语言调查研究けんきゅう]. Beijing: Minzu University [中央ちゅうおう民族みんぞく大学だいがく出版しゅっぱん社しゃ].
^ Li, Jinfang 李り锦芳 (2019). Guizhou Liuzhi Gelaoyu 贵州六ろく枝えだ仡佬语. Beijing: The Commercial Press. OCLC 1112270585.
^ Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2011. The Gelao language: materials for a Kadai comparative dictionary [Языки гэлао: материалы к сопоставительному словарю кадайских языко]. Moscow: Academia. ISBN 9785874443917
^ Edmondson, Jerold A. "Kra or Kadai languages" (PDF). Ling.uta.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2013-11-30.
^ Zhuo, Guoyan (2000). The phonology system of Judu Gelao language. The Fifth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics: Hochiminh City: Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City University.

[e24-1] Telue at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)

[2] Zhang Jimin 张済民みん. 1993. Gelao yu yan jiu 仡佬语研究けんきゅう (A study of Gelao). Guiyang, China: Guizhou People's Press 贵州民族みんぞく出版しゅっぱん社しゃ.

[3] Zhou Guoyan 周しゅう国こく炎えん. 2004. Gelao zu mu yu sheng tai yan jiu 仡佬族ぞく母語ぼご生せい态硏究けんきゅう (Studies on the linguistic ecology of the Gelao people). Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House 民族みんぞく出版しゅっぱん社しゃ.

[4] Li Jinfang [李り锦芳]. 2006. Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南せいなん地区ちく濒危语言调查研究けんきゅう]. Beijing: Minzu University [中央ちゅうおう民族みんぞく大学だいがく出版しゅっぱん社しゃ].

[5] Li, Jinfang 李り锦芳 (2019). Guizhou Liuzhi Gelaoyu 贵州六ろく枝えだ仡佬语. Beijing: The Commercial Press. OCLC 1112270585.

[6] Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2011. The Gelao language: materials for a Kadai comparative dictionary [Языки гэлао: материалы к сопоставительному словарю кадайских языко]. Moscow: Academia. ISBN 9785874443917

[krac-7] Edmondson, Jerold A. "Kra or Kadai languages" (PDF). Ling.uta.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2013-11-30.

[8] Zhuo, Guoyan (2000). The phonology system of Judu Gelao language. The Fifth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics: Hochiminh City: Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City University.

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