(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Emperor Montoku - Wikipedia Jump to content

Emperor Montoku

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Montoku)
Emperor Montoku
文徳ふみのり天皇てんのう
Emperor of Japan
Reign4 May 850 – 7 October 858
Enthronement31 May 850
PredecessorNinmyō
SuccessorSeiwa
BornAugust 826
Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
Died7 October 858(858-10-07) (aged 32)
Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
Burial
Tamura no misasagi (田た邑陵) (Kyoto)
Issue
more...		Emperor Seiwa
Posthumous name
Chinese-style shigō:
Emperor Montoku (文徳ふみのり天皇てんのう)
HouseImperial House of Japan
FatherNinmyō
MotherFujiwara no Junshi

Emperor Montoku (文徳ふみのり天皇てんのう, Montoku-tennō) (August 826 – 7 October 858) was the 55th emperor of Japan,[1] according to the traditional order of succession.[2]

Montoku's reign lasted from 850 to 858.[3]

Traditional narrative

[edit]

Before Montoku's ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina)[4] was Michiyasu (道みち康やすし).[5] He was also known as Tamura-no-mikado[6] or Tamura-tei.[7]

He was the eldest son of Emperor Ninmyō. His mother was Empress Dowager Fujiwara no Junshi (also called the Gojō empress 五条ごじょう后きさき), daughter of the minister of the left, Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu.[6]

Montoku had six Imperial consorts and 29 Imperial children.[8]

Events of Montoku's life

[edit]
  • 6 May 850 (Kashō 3, 21st day of the 3rd month): In the 17th year of Ninmyō-tennō's reign (仁明天皇にんみょうてんのう十じゅう七なな年ねん), the emperor died; and his eldest son received the succession (senso).[9]
  • 850 (Kashō 3, 4th month): Emperor Montoku formally acceded to the throne (sokui).[10]
  • 850 (Kashō 3, 5th month): The widow of Emperor Saga, who was also the mother of Emperor Ninmyō and the grandmother of Emperor Montoku, died. This very devout Buddhist had founded a temple called Danrin-ji (檀林だんりん寺てら) on the site of present-day Tenryū-ji (天龍寺てんりゅうじ) – more formally known as Tenryū Shiseizen-ji (天龍てんりゅう資し聖せい禅ぜん寺てら), located in what is now Susukinobaba-chō, Ukyō Ward in Kyoto, Before her death, the former empress had been known by the honorific title, Danrin-kōgō (檀林だんりん皇后こうごう); and she had been honored as if she were a saint.[11]
  • 850 (Kashō 3, 11th month): The emperor named Korehito-shinnō, the 4th son of Emperor Montoku as his heir.[12] This 9-month-old baby was also the grandson of udaijin Fujiwara no Yoshifusa.[13]
  • 853 (Ninju 3, 2nd month): The emperor visited the home of udaijin Yoshifusa, the grandfather of his designated heir.[13]
  • 11 July 854 (Saikō 1, 13th day of the 6th month): The sadaijin Minamoto no Tokiwa, also known as Minamoto no Tsune, died at age 43.[14]
  • 855 (Saikō 2, in the 1st month): The Emishi organized a rebellion; and in response, a force of 1,000 men and provisions were sent to the north.[15]
  • 855 (Saikō 2, 5th month): The head of the great statute of Buddha in the Tōdai-ji fell off; and in consequence, the emperor ordered the then dainagon Fujiwara no Yoshisuke, the brother of sadaijin Yoshifusa, to be in charge of gathering the gifts of the pious from throughout the empire to make another head for the Daibutsu.[15]

Events during his reign included the repression of insurrections among the Ebisu people in Mutsu Province in 855, and among the people of the island of Tsushima two years later.

  • 7 October 858 (Ten'an 2, 27th day of the 8th month): Montoku died at the age of 32.[16]

The actual site of Montoku's grave is known.[1] This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Kyoto.

The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Montoku's mausoleum. It is formally named Tamura no misasagi.[17]

Kugyō

[edit]

Kugyō (公卿くぎょう) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.– kugyō of Montoku-tennō (in French)

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Montoku's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

Eras of Montoku's reign

[edit]

The years of Montoku's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.[11]

Consorts and children

[edit]
  • Consort (Nyōgo) (Tai-Kotaigō): Fujiwara no Akirakeiko (藤原ふじわら明子あきこ; 829–899), also known as Somedono-no-Kisaki, Fujiwara no Yoshifusa's daughter.[18]
    • Fourth Son: Imperial Prince Korehito (惟おもんみ仁じん親王しんのう) later Emperor Seiwa
    • Third Daughter: Imperial Princess Gishi (儀子のりこ内親王ないしんのう; d. 879), 6th Saiin in Kamo Shrine 859–876
  • Consort (Nyōgo): Fujiwara no Takakiko (藤原ふじわら多賀たが幾子いくこ; d. 858), Fujiwara no Yoshimi's daughter
  • Consort (Nyōgo): Princess Azumako (東子とうこ女王じょおう; d. 865)
  • Consort (Nyōgo): Fujiwara no Nenshi/Toshiko (藤原ふじわら年子としこ)
  • Consort (Nyōgo): Fujiwara no Koreko (藤原ふじわら是ただし子こ)
  • Consort (Nyōgo): Tachibana no Fusako (橘たちばな房子ふさこ), Tachibana no Ujikimi's daughter
  • Consort (Nyōgo): Tachibana no Chushi (橘たちばな忠子ただこ), Tachibana no Ujikimi's daughter
  • Consort (Koui): Ki no Shizuko (紀きの静子しずこ; d. 866), Ki no Natora's daughter
    • First Son: Imperial Prince Koretaka (惟おもんみ喬たかし親王しんのう; 844–897)
    • Second son: Imperial Prince Koreeda (惟おもんみ条じょう親王しんのう; 848–868)
    • Imperial Princess Tenshi (恬子内親王ないしんのう; d. 913), 20th Saiō in Ise Shrine 859–876
    • Fifth daughter: Imperial Princess Jutsushi (述じゅつ子こ内親王ないしんのう; d. 897), 5th Saiin in Kamo Shrine 857–858
    • Imperial Princess Chinshi (珍ちん子こ内親王ないしんのう; d. 877)
  • Court lady: Shigeno no Okuko (滋野しげの奥おく子こ), Shigeno no Sadanushi's daughter
    • Third Son: Imperial Prince Korehiko (惟おもんみ彦親王おう; 850–883)
    • Imperial Princess Nōshi (濃こ子こ内親王ないしんのう; d. 903)
    • Imperial Princess Shōshi (勝子かつこ内親王ないしんのう; d. 871)
  • Court lady: Fujiwara no Konshi/Imako (藤原ふじわら今子いまこ), Fujiwara no Sadamori's daughter
    • Imperial Prince Koretsune (惟おもんみ恒つね親王しんのう; d. 904)
    • Imperial Princess Reishi (礼子あやこ内親王ないしんのう; d. 899)
    • Seventh Daughter: Imperial Princess Keishi (掲子内親王ないしんのう; d. 914), 22nd Saiō in Ise Shrine 882–884
  • Court lady: Fujiwara no Retsushi (藤原ふじわら列れつ子こ), Fujiwara no Koreo's daughter
    • First Daughter: Imperial Princess Anshi (晏子内親王ないしんのう; d. 900), 19th Saiō in Ise Shrine 850–858
    • Eighth Daughter: Imperial Princess Akirakeiko (慧とし子こ内親王ないしんのう; d. 881), 4th Saiin in Kamo Shrine 850–857
  • Court lady: Shigeno no Mineko (滋野しげの岑子みねこ), Shigeno no Sadao's daughter
    • Minamoto no Motoari (源みなもと本有ほんゆう)
    • Minamoto no Noriari (源みなもと載の有ゆう)
    • Minamoto no Fuchiko/Shigeko (源みなもと淵子ふちこ/滋子しげこ; d. 911)
  • Court lady: Tomo clan's daughter
    • Minamoto no Yoshiari (源みなもと能のう有ゆう; 845–897), Udaijin 896–897
  • Court lady: Fuse clan's daughter
    • Minamoto no Yukiari (源みなもと行こう有ゆう; 854–887)
  • Court lady: Tajihi clan's daughter
    • Minamoto no Tsuneari (源みなもと毎まい有ゆう)
  • Court lady: Kiyohara clan's daughter
    • Minamoto no Tokiari (源みなもと時じ有ゆう)
  • Court lady: Sugawara clan's daughter
    • Minamoto no Sadaari (源みなもと定じょう有ゆう)
    • Minamoto no Tomiko (源みなもと富子とみこ)
  • (from unknown women)
    • Minamoto no Tomiari (源みなもと富有ふゆう, d.887)
    • Minamoto no Hyōshi (源みなもと憑子)
    • Minamoto no Kenshi (源みなもと謙けん子こ)
    • Minamoto no Okuko (源みなもと奥おく子こ)
    • Minamoto no Retsushi (源みなもと列れつ子こ)
    • Minamoto no Seishi (源みなもと済わたる子こ), married to Emperor Seiwa
    • Minamoto no Shuko (源みなもと修子のぶこ)

Ancestry

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom
  1. ^ a b Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 文徳ふみのり天皇てんのう (55)
  2. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 64–65.
  3. ^ Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 264–265; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 165; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 112., p. 112, at Google Books
  4. ^ Brown, pp. 264; prior to Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors were very long and people did not generally use them; however, the number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.
  5. ^ Titsingh, p. 112; Brown p. 285.
  6. ^ a b Varley, p. 165.
  7. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 8.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Brown, p. 285.
  9. ^ Titsingh, p. 112; Brown, p. 284; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
  10. ^ Titsingh, p. 112; Varley, p. 44
  11. ^ a b Titsingh, p. 112.
  12. ^ Brown, p. 286.
  13. ^ a b Titsingh, p. 113.
  14. ^ Brown, p. 285; Titsingh, p. 113.
  15. ^ a b Titsingh, p. 114.
  16. ^ Brown, pp. 285–286; Varley, p. 165.
  17. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 420.
  18. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, pp. 319–320.
  19. ^ "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). 30 April 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2018.

References

[edit]
Regnal titles
Preceded by Emperor of Japan:
Montoku
850–858 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Montoku&oldid=1247518652"