Prince He

Prince He of the First Rank
Traditional Chinese	和かず碩せき和親わしん王おう
Simplified Chinese	和かず硕和亲王
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin héshuò hé qīnwáng Wade–Giles ho-shuo ho ch'in-wang

Prince He of the First Rank (Manchu: ᡥᠣᡧᠣᡳ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᡴᠠ
ᠴᡳᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ; hošoi hūwaliyaka cin wang), or simply Prince He, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). As the Prince He peerage was not awarded "iron-cap" status, this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank vis-à-vis that held by his predecessor. However, the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a feng'en fuguo gong except under special circumstances.

The first bearer of the title was Hongzhou (1712–1770), the fifth son of the Yongzheng Emperor. In 1733, he was awarded the status of a qinwang (prince of the first rank) by his father under the title "Prince He of the First Rank". The title was passed down over seven generations and was held by eight persons.

Members of the Prince He peerage

Hongzhou (1712–1770), the first Prince He

• Hongzhou (1712–1770), the Yongzheng Emperor's fifth son, held the title Prince He of the First Rank from 1733 to 1770, posthumously honoured as Prince Hegong of the First Rank (和恭かずゆき親王しんのう)
  • Yongbi (永えい璧; 1733–1772), Hongzhou's second son, held the title of a buru bafen fuguo gong from 1757 to 1770, held the title Prince He of the First Rank from 1770 to 1772, posthumously honoured as Prince Heqin of the First Rank (和かず勤つとむ親王しんのう)
    • Mianlun (綿めん倫りん; 1752–1775), Yongbi's eldest son, held the title Prince He of the Second Rank from 1772 to 1774, posthumously honoured as Prince Hejin of the Second Rank (和わ謹郡王おう), had no male heir
    • Mianxun (綿めん循; 1758–1817), Yongbi's fourth son, held the title Prince He of the Second Rank from 1775 to 1817, posthumously honoured as Prince Heke of the Second Rank (和かず恪つとむ郡ぐん王おう)
      • Yiheng (奕亨; 1783–1832), Mianxun's third son, held the title of a beile from 1817 to 1832
        • Zairong (載の容よう; 1824–1881), Yiheng's fourth son, held the title of a beizi from 1832 to 1881, awarded the status but not the title of a beile in 1872, posthumously honoured as Minke Beizi (敏さとし恪つとむ貝かい子こ)
          • Pulian (溥廉; 1854–1898), Zairong's eldest son, held the title of a second class fuguo jiangjun from 1877 to 1881, held the title of a feng'en zhenguo gong from 1881 to 1898
            • Yuzhang (毓璋; 1889–1937), Pulian's second son, held the title of a feng'en zhenguo gong from 1898 to 1937
              • Hengde (恆つね德とく; b. 1908), Yuzhang's son
                • Qitai (啟けい泰やすし; b. 1925), Hengde's son
          • Puyi (溥益), Zairong's second son, held the title of a second class fuguo jiangjun from 1877 to 1907
            • Yushu (毓書), Puyi's eldest son, held the title of a fengguo jiangjun from 1907 to 1945
              • Hengjun (恆つね鋆), Yushu's eldest son
          • Pushou (溥綬), Zairong's third son, held the title of a second class fuguo jiangjun from 1877 to 1906
      • Yicong (奕聰), Mianxun's fourth son, held the title of a third class zhenguo jiangjun from 1805 to 1836
        • Zaijia (載の嘉よしみ), Yicong's eldest son, held the title of a third class fuguo jiangjun from 1836 to 1884
      • Yijin (奕謹), Mianxun's sixth son, held the title of a third class zhenguo jiangjun from 1808 to 1826, had no male heir
      • Yirui (奕蕋), Mianxun's ninth son, held the title of a fengguo jiangjun from 1821 to 1839, had no male heir
  • Yongbin (永えい璸; 1735–1799), Hongzhou's fourth son, held the title of a second class zhenguo jiangjun from 1754 to 1798
    • Mianming (綿めん命いのち), Yongbin's second son, held the title of a fuguo jiangjun from 1798 to 1832
      • Yijun (奕俊), Mianming's eldest son, held the title of a fengguo jiangjun from 1832 to 1843, had no male heir
      • Yimeng (奕猛), Mianming's second son, held the title of a fengguo jiangjun from 1836 to 1859, stripped of his title in 1859, had no male heir
  • Yonghuan (永えい瑍; 1740–1783), Hongzhou's sixth son, held the title of a second class zhenguo jiangjun from 1779 to 1783
    • Mianseng (綿めん僧そう), Yonghuan's eldest son, held the title of a fuguo jiangjun from 1783 to 1807
      • Yijiao (奕交), Mianseng's eldest son, held the title of a fengguo jiangjun from 1807 to 1859
      • Yilie (奕烈), Mianseng's second son, held the title of a fengguo jiangjun from 1815 to 1851
        • Zaitou (載の透とおる), Yilie's third son, held the title of a feng'en jiangjun from 1852 to 1870, stripped of his title in 1870
  • Yongkun (永えい琨; 1743–1803), Hongzhou's seventh son, held the title of a buru bafen fuguo gong from 1768 to 1803
    • Mianling (綿めん令れい), Yongkun's eldest son, held the title of a third class fuguo jiangjun from 1784 to 1797
      • Yihuang (奕煌), Mianling's eldest son, held the title of a second class fengguo jiangjun from 1797 to 1798
    • Mianzhong (綿めん仲なか), Yongkun's second son, held the title of a third class zhenguo jiangjun from 1803 to 1814
      • Yishun (奕順), Mianzhong's eldest son, held the title of a fuguo jiangjun from 1814 to 1841
        • Zaichou (載の疇), Yishun's eldest son, held the title of a fengguo jiangjun from 1842 to 1862, stripped of his title in 1862
    • Mianzhuo (綿めん倬), Yongkun's fifth son, held the title of a third class zhenguo jiangjun from 1784 to 1787, had no male heir
      • Yiheng (奕亨), Mianxun's third son, held the title of a fuguo jiangjun from 1802 to 1817, became a beile in 1817
        • Zaichong (載の崇たかし), Yiheng's fifth son, held the title of a first class fuguo jiangjun from 1826 to 1876
          • Pushan (溥善), Zaichong's eldest son, held the title of a fengguo jiangjun from 1876
            • Yuhou (毓厚; b. 1938), Pushan's son
              • Hengyin (恆つね蔭かげ), Yuhou's eldest son, held the title of a feng'en jiangjun
          • Puliang (溥良; 1854–1922), Zaichong's second son, held the title of a fengguo jiangjun from 1886 to 1922
            • Yulong (毓隆; 1872–1923), Puliang's son
              • Hengtong (恆つね同どう), Yulong's son
                • Qigong (1912–2005), Hengtong's son, held the title of a feng'en jiangjun from 1922 to 1945
          • Puxing (溥興; died 1907), Zaichong's third son, held the title of a fengguo jiangjun from 1880 to 1907
            • Yusong (毓崧; b. 1909), Puxing's eldest son, held the title of a feng'en jiangjun from 1907 to 1945

Family tree

Hongzhou 弘ひろし晝ひる (1712–1770) Prince Hegong 和かず恭きょう親王しんのう (1733–1770)

Yongbi 永えい璧 (1733–1772) Prince Heqin 和かず勤つとむ親王しんのう (1770–1772)

Mianlun 綿めん倫りん (1752–1774) Prince Hejin (of the Second Rank) 和かず謹郡王おう (1772–1775)

Mianxun 綿めん循 (1758–1817) Prince Heke (of the Second Rank) 和かず恪つとむ郡ぐん王おう (1775–1817)

Yiheng 奕亨 (1783–1817) Beile 貝かい勒 (1817–1832)

Zairong 載の容よう (1824–1881) Minke Beizi 敏さと恪つとむ貝かい子こ (1832–1881)

Pulian 溥廉 (1854–1898) Feng'en Zhenguo Gong 奉たてまつ恩おん鎮國公こう (1881–1898)

Yuzhang 毓璋 (1889–1937) Feng'en Zhenguo Gong 奉たてまつ恩おん鎮國公こう (1898–1937)

Hengde 恆つね德とく (born 1908)

Qitai 啟けい泰やすし (born 1925)

See also

• Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty

References

• Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao). Vol. 220. China.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)