Toksun County
Toksun County
Tuokexun, T'o-k'o-hsün | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 42°47′00″N 88°38′00″E / 42.7833°N 88.6333°E | |
Country | China |
Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
Prefecture-level city | Turpan |
County seat | Toksun Town |
Township-level divisions | 7 towns, 1 township |
Area | |
• County | 16,561 km2 (6,394 sq mi) |
• Urban | 29.7 km2 (11.5 sq mi) |
Population (2020)[3] | |
• County | 134,235 |
• Density | 8.1/km2 (21/sq mi) |
• Urban | 36,891 |
• Urban density | 1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi) |
Ethnic groups | |
• Major ethnic groups | Uyghur - 76.5%[2] |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
Postal code | 838100 |
Website | tkx |
Toksun County | |||||||||||
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Uyghur name | |||||||||||
Uyghur | توقسۇن ناھىيىسى | ||||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | |||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | |||||||||||
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Toksun County[4][5][6][7] is a county in Turpan, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China.
Name
[edit]The term 'Toksun' means 'ninety'.[8][9]
History
[edit]The Battle of Toksun took place in this county in July 1933 when Khoja Niyas Hajji, a Uighur leader, defected with his forces to Governor Sheng Shicai. He advanced to Toksun via Dawan Ch'eng, where the Chinese Muslim forces of General Ma Shih-ming achieved victory over Niyas Hajji's forces.[10]
In December 2010, Zeng Lingquan (曾令权), who ran an adoption agency for the physically and mentally disabled with no operation license in Sichuan, was arrested. Zeng reportedly sent the mentally ill to work in a factory run by Li Xinglin (
In 2017, Radio Free Asia reported that a police officer in Toksun County had said that all Uyghurs who wished to travel abroad were required to attend political indoctrination education organized by the county government.[13]
Geography and Climate
[edit]Toksun County's location in the bottom of the Turpan Depression and an average rainfall of just 3.9 mm (0.15 in) annually, the least precipitation of any area in China,[4] make it a very hot place during summertime. On July 31, 1964, the highest recorded temperature was 53.3 °C (127.9 °F), which is the highest reliable temperature, recorded during standard conditions anywhere in China.[citation needed] The county is bordered to the south by Yuli County.
Climate data for Toksun, elevation 50 m (160 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 12.4 (54.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
32.2 (90.0) |
42.0 (107.6) |
44.3 (111.7) |
48.0 (118.4) |
47.6 (117.7) |
47.4 (117.3) |
41.3 (106.3) |
35.1 (95.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
13.1 (55.6) |
48.0 (118.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.0 (28.4) |
7.3 (45.1) |
18.1 (64.6) |
27.5 (81.5) |
33.5 (92.3) |
38.6 (101.5) |
40.0 (104.0) |
38.2 (100.8) |
32.1 (89.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.9 (17.8) |
0.3 (32.5) |
10.7 (51.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
26.1 (79.0) |
31.4 (88.5) |
32.6 (90.7) |
30.4 (86.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
14.0 (57.2) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −12.4 (9.7) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
3.9 (39.0) |
13.2 (55.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
24.4 (75.9) |
25.7 (78.3) |
23.4 (74.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
7.7 (45.9) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
8.8 (47.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −19.8 (−3.6) |
−17.1 (1.2) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.4 (41.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.8 (51.4) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
−21.8 (−7.2) |
−21.8 (−7.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.5 (0.02) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.5 (0.02) |
0.4 (0.02) |
0.4 (0.02) |
2.1 (0.08) |
2.0 (0.08) |
1.5 (0.06) |
0.7 (0.03) |
0.8 (0.03) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.3 (0.01) |
9.2 (0.37) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 8.4 |
Average snowy days | 2.4 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 | 4.8 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 60 | 43 | 29 | 26 | 26 | 29 | 33 | 36 | 39 | 47 | 52 | 61 | 40 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 152.8 | 191.6 | 248.7 | 276.5 | 319.1 | 304.3 | 299.9 | 298.6 | 282.2 | 255.8 | 186.8 | 140.2 | 2,956.5 |
Percent possible sunshine | 52 | 63 | 66 | 68 | 70 | 67 | 65 | 71 | 77 | 77 | 65 | 50 | 66 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[14][15] |
Climate data for Kumishizhen, Toksun County, elevation 922 m (3,025 ft), (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.2 (24.4) |
3.5 (38.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
22.6 (72.7) |
28.3 (82.9) |
32.9 (91.2) |
34.8 (94.6) |
33.7 (92.7) |
27.8 (82.0) |
18.7 (65.7) |
7.5 (45.5) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.2 (10.0) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
5.1 (41.2) |
14.1 (57.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
25.2 (77.4) |
27.0 (80.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
10.0 (50.0) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
10.0 (50.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −18.6 (−1.5) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
5.0 (41.0) |
11.3 (52.3) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
−15.5 (4.1) |
2.0 (35.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.2 (0.05) |
0.8 (0.03) |
1.4 (0.06) |
3.1 (0.12) |
6.5 (0.26) |
12.9 (0.51) |
16.2 (0.64) |
10.2 (0.40) |
4.2 (0.17) |
3.6 (0.14) |
1.0 (0.04) |
0.7 (0.03) |
61.8 (2.45) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 5.1 | 6.8 | 4.6 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 29.4 |
Average snowy days | 4.6 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | 4.7 | 13.3 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 66 | 55 | 34 | 28 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 34 | 35 | 42 | 55 | 66 | 43 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 189.0 | 199.5 | 245.4 | 268.1 | 299.6 | 286.2 | 287.2 | 291.7 | 282.0 | 260.5 | 198.8 | 169.0 | 2,977 |
Percent possible sunshine | 64 | 66 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 63 | 63 | 69 | 77 | 78 | 69 | 60 | 67 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[14][16] |
Administrative divisions
[edit]Toksun County is divided into 7 towns (بازىرى / 镇)[1][8]: 34 [17][18] and 1 township (يېزىسى / 乡):
Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Administrative division code | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Towns | |||||||
Toksun Town | Tuōkèxùn Zhèn | توقسۇن بازىرى | Toqsun baziri | 650422100 | |||
Kümüx Town | 库米什镇 | Kùmǐshí Zhèn | كۈمۈش بازىرى | Kümüsh baziri | 650422101 | ||
Kokjay Town[19] | Kè'ěrjiǎn Zhèn | كۆجەي بازىرى | Köjey baziri | 650422102 | Also Ke'erjian, Köjey; formerly Kujiayi (库加 | ||
Alghuy Town | Ālèhuì Zhèn | ئالغۇي بازىرى | Alghuy baziri | 650422103 | |||
Yilanlik Town[9] | Yīlāhú Zhèn | يىلانلىق بازىرى | Yilanliq baziri | 650422104 | Also Yilahu, Yilanliq, I-la-hu; formerly Yilanlik Township (يىلانلىق يېزىسى[20] / | ||
Shah Town | Xià Zhèn | شاھ بازىرى | Shah baziri | 650422105 | formerly Shah Township (شاھ يېزىسى[21] / | ||
Bostan Town | Bósītǎn Zhèn | بوستان بازىرى | Bostan baziri | 650422106 | formerly Bostan Township (بوستان يېزىسى / | ||
Townships | |||||||
Gholbuyi Township | Guōlèbùyī Xiāng | غولبۇيى يېزىسى | Gholbuyi yëzisi | 650422201 |
Economy
[edit]Irrigation in the county is well-developed. Agricultural products of the county include sorghum, wheat, muskmelon, peanuts and cotton. Specialty products include Hami melon and raisins. Industries include electronics, coal, machinery, construction, etc.[22]
Demographics
[edit]Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
2000 | 102,150 | — |
2010 | 118,221 | +1.47% |
[17] |
As of 2015, 96,439 of the 124,040 residents of Toksun County were Uyghur, 18,600 were Han Chinese, 8,539 were Hui and 462 were from other ethnic groups.[24]
According to a 2002 estimate, it then had a population of 110,000.[citation needed]
As of the 2000 Census, the county counted 52,346 males and 49,804 females and 83.65% of the population of the county were from ethnic minority groups.[25]
As of 1999, 77.03% of the population of Toksun County were Uyghur and 15.51% of the population was Han Chinese.[26]
Transportation
[edit]Notable persons
[edit]Historical maps
[edit]Historical English-language maps including Toksun:
-
Map including Toksun (labeled as Tukson) (1917)
-
Map including Toksun (labeled as T'O-K'O-HSÜN) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World (DMA, 1975)
-
From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Toksun (DMA, 1982)
-
Map including Toksun (DMA, 1990)
Notes
[edit]- ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
References
[edit]- ^ a b
托 克 逊县概 况.新 疆托克 逊县人民 政府 (in Simplified Chinese). 17 July 2019. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020 – via Internet Archive.总面积16561
平方 公里 。{...}共有 8个乡镇(场)、44个村(队)、13个社区 。 - ^ a b 1997
年 托 克 逊县行政 区 划 [1997 Toksun County Administrative Divisions]. XZQH.org (in Simplified Chinese). 11 January 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2020.面 积17342平方 千 米 ,人口 10.1万 ,其中维吾尔族占 76.5%,另有汉、回 等 10多 个民族 。辖3镇4乡 - ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- ^ a b Atlas of the People's Republic of China. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. 1989. p. [1]. ISBN 0-8351-2319-7 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Ligaya Mishan (13 September 2019). "Uighur Noodles, Terrifically Chewy and Earthy, at Nurlan in Flushing, Queens". New York Times. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
"Soup is soup; laghman is laghman," said Adil Nurdun, who grew up in Toksun County, south of Xinjiang's capital, Urumqi, and runs the restaurant with Arkin Ali, a native of Aksu Prefecture to the west, bordering Kyrgyzstan.
- ^ Liangyu, ed. (4 July 2018). "China Focus: Industry plays big role in poverty alleviation in Xinjiang". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
Zhou Bangyu, an official from Hunan Province in central China, helped Yiburanyim Abulza, a poor villager in Toksun County sell 800 kilograms of dried grapes in two weeks.
- ^ Complete Atlas Of The World (3 ed.). Penguin Random House. 2016. p. 238 – via Internet Archive.
Toksun
- ^ a b Yu Weicheng 于维诚 (2005).
新 疆地名 与 建 制 沿革 (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi:新 疆人民 出版 社 . pp. 34–35. ISBN 7-228-09431-X. - ^ a b Xie Yuzhong
解 玉 忠 (2003).地名 中 的 新 疆 (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi:新 疆人民 出版 社 . pp. 29–31. ISBN 7-228-08004-1.
}伊 拉 湖 Yilanlik {...}克 尔碱 Kokjay {...}博 斯坦 Bostan {... - ^ Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. p. 111. ISBN 0-521-25514-7. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- ^ "Asylum owner detained for selling mentally ill". China Daily. 14 December 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- ^
智 障 包 身 工 遭奴役 :黑 工 厂老板 逃逸新 疆警方 跨 省 抓 捕 . China Daily (in Simplified Chinese). 14 December 2010. Retrieved 30 June 2020.目前 ,托 克 逊县库米什佳尔思绿色建材 化工 厂已被 查封, - ^ Xin Lin; Eset Sulaiman; Luisetta Mudie (5 May 2017). "China's Tourism Industry Ordered to Monitor, Report on Visitors to Xinjiang". Radio Free Asia. Translated by Luisetta Mudie. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ a b
中国 气象数 据 网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023. - ^
"Experience Template"
中国 气象数 据 网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023. - ^
"Experience Template"
中国 气象数 据 网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023. - ^ a b
托 克 逊县历史沿革 (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 10 February 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2020.2000
年 第 五 次 人口 普 查,托 克 逊县常住 总人口 102150人 ,{...}2010年 第 六 次 人口 普 查,托 克 逊县常住 总人口 118221人 ,其中:托 克 逊镇29657人 ,库米什镇1389人 ,库加依 镇3170人 ,阿 乐惠镇3576人 ,夏 乡25182人 ,郭 勒布依 乡18865人 ,伊 拉 湖 乡15165人 ,博 斯坦乡21217人 。2013年 ,自治 区 政府 (新政 函 [2013]206号 )批准 同意 撤销伊 拉 湖 乡,设立伊 拉 湖 镇。调整后 ,全 县辖5个镇、3个乡:托 克 逊镇、库米什镇、库加依 镇、阿 乐惠镇、伊 拉 湖 镇、夏 乡、郭 勒布依 乡、博 斯坦乡。 - ^ 2019
年 统计用 区 划代码和城 乡划分 代 码:托 克 逊县 (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.统计
用 区 划代码名称 650422100000托 克 逊镇 650422101000 库米什镇 650422102000克 尔碱镇 650422103000阿 乐惠镇 650422104000伊 拉 湖 镇 650422105000夏 镇 650422106000博 斯坦镇 650422201000郭 勒布依 乡 - ^ توقسۇن ناھىيىسى يېزا پاكلىق ئۇچۇر تورى (in Uyghur).
كۆجەي بازىرى يېڭى ئاۋات كەنتى2پەسىللىك سۇ ئامبىرى كۆچمە مەبلەغ پۇلىنى تارقىتىش ئ.
克 尔碱镇英阿 瓦 提 村 水 库移民 补助资金发放签名表 - ^ قومۇل قوغۇنىنىڭ تەمى قوغۇنچىلارنى مەست قىلدى. People's Daily (in Uyghur). 22 June 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
سۈرەتتە 19-ئىيۇن كۈنى توقسۇن ناھىيىسىنىڭ يىلانلىق يېزىسىدىكى بوۋاي يېڭىلا ئۈزۈلگەن سورتلۇق قومۇل قوغۇنىنى تېتىماقتا
- ^ سالامجان قادىر Salamjan Qadeer, ed. (2 March 2018). توقسۇن ناھىيەسىدە ھەر مىللەت ئامما پانۇس بايرىمىنى بىرلىكتە تەبرىكلىدى. Tianshannet (in Uyghur). Retrieved 23 June 2020.
توقسۇن ناھىيەسى شاھ يېزىسى
- ^ a b
夏 征 农; 陈至立 , eds. (September 2009).辞 海 :第 六 版 彩 图本 [Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese).上海 . Shanghai:上海 辞 书出版 社 . Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. p. 2304. ISBN 978-7-5326-2859-9. - ^ 3-7
各地 、州 、市 、县(市 )分 民族 人口 数 [3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)]. tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn (in Chinese). Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 2020-06-10. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2021-06-11. - ^ 3-7
各地 、州 、市 、县(市 )分 民族 人口 数 (in Simplified Chinese). Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-09-03. - ^
表 1 总人口 、户籍人口 、少数 民族 人口 比重 、非 农业户口人口 比重 、城 乡人口 、家庭 户人口 、家庭 户类别(全 部数 据 ). stats.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-04-22. - ^ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 177. ISBN 0-295-98390-6.