Kashgar Prefecture
Kashgar Prefecture
قەشقەر ۋىلايىتى 喀什 Kashagiri, Srikrirati, Kashi, K'a-shih | |
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![]() | |
![]() Kashgar Prefecture (red) in Xinjiang (orange) | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Province | Xinjiang |
Prefecture seat | Kashgar[1] |
County-level divisions | 1 county-level city, 11 counties[1] |
Area | |
• Prefecture | 112,057 km2 (43,265 sq mi) |
• Urban | 555 km2 (214 sq mi) |
• Metro | 555 km2 (214 sq mi) |
Population (2020 census) | |
• Prefecture | 4,496,400 |
• Density | 40/km2 (100/sq mi) |
• Urban | 400,225 |
• Urban density | 720/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
• Metro | 400,225 |
Ethnic groups | |
• Major ethnic groups | Uyghur, Han Chinese |
GDP[2] | |
• Prefecture | CN¥ 136.9 billion US$ 20.4 billion |
• Per capita | CN¥ 28,714 US$ 4,269 |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 844000 |
ISO 3166 code | CN-XJ-31 |
License Plate | |
Website | Kashgar Prefecture Government |
Kashgar Prefecture | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Uyghur name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Uyghur | قەشقەر ۋىلايىتى | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 喀什 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 喀什 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | Kāshí Dìqū | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 喀什噶尔 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 喀什噶爾 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | PRC Standard Mandarin: Kāshígá'ěr Dìqū ROC Standard Mandarin: Kàshígé'ěr Dìqū | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Kazakh name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Kazakh | قاشقار ايماعى Қашқар аймағы Qaşqar aimağy | ||||||||||||||||||||
Kyrgyz name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Kyrgyz | قاشقار ايماعى Кашкар аймагы Qaşqar ajmağy | ||||||||||||||||||||
Uzbek name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Uzbek | قشقر ولايتى Қашқар Вилояти Qashqar viloyati |
Kashgar Prefecture,[3][4][5][6][7][8] also known as Kashi Prefecture,[9][10] is located in southwestern Xinjiang, China, located in the Tarim Basin region (roughly the southern half of Xinjiang). It has an area of 112,057 km2 (43,265 sq mi) and 4,496,377 inhabitants at the 2020 census[11] with a population density of 35.5 inhabitants/km2. The capital of the prefecture is the city of Kashgar which has a population 506,640.[12]
Kashgar Prefecture borders the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan, Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan, Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan[13] and Ladakh of India in the far south.
History
[edit]After the Communist takeover, Kashgar Prefecture (喀什
In 1902, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck the prefecture.[14] It caused extreme devastation, destroying 30,000 homes and killing as many as 10,000 people.[15]
One of the most mysterious events that occurred in the early 1950s (and perhaps earlier),[16] was the closure of the Indian Consulate in Kashgar.
In 1955, Barin, Jamaterek and Ujme, which were part of Yengisar County, became part of Akto County and Bulungkol was transferred to Akto County in Kizilsu from Tashkurgan County in today's Kashgar Prefecture.[17]
In June 1956, Yarkant Prefecture was dissolved and made part of Kashgar Prefecture.[18][19]
In January 1979, Kashgar zhuānqū Prefecture (喀什专区) became Kashgar dìqū Prefecture (喀什
In August 1982, Kashgar Prefecture opened a frontier post to exchange goods with Pakistan.[6]: 223
In 1992, it was proposed for 500,000 persons displaced by the Three Gorges Dam project, primarily Han Chinese, to be relocated to Kashgar Prefecture. The plans were met with widespread criticism in Xinjiang and internationally and were dropped.[20][21]
In February 2002, a 6.7 magnitude earthquake killed 267 people in Maralbexi County and Payzawat County.[22]
After a lengthy detention, in December 2009, Alimujiang Yimiti / Alimjan Yimit, Uyghur leader of an unregistered Christian church, was sentenced to 15 years in jail by the Kashgar Prefecture Intermediate People's Court for "illegally providing state secrets or intelligence to foreign entities". In 2008, his detention was ruled in violation of international standards of due process by the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention.[7]
Geography
[edit]Most of the prefecture has a cold desert climate.
The second-highest peak on Earth, K2, is located on the China–Pakistan border in southern Kashgar Prefecture[23] in an area claimed by India as part of the Trans-Karakoram Tract.
Administrative divisions
[edit]![]() (Outdated map: On October 21, 2014, Aqqash Township (Akekashi) was transferred from Konaxahar (Shufu) County to Kashgar city.[24]) | |||||||||
# | Name | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Chinese (S)[1][18][25] | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2020 Census) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kashgar (Kashi) | قەشقەر شەھىرى | Qeshqer Shehiri | 喀什 |
Kāshí Shì | 782,662 | 1,003 | 780.32 | |
2 | Shufu County | كونا شەھەر ناھىيىسى | Konasheher Nahiyisi | 疏附县 | Shūfù Xiàn | 263,014 | 2709 | 97.09 | |
3 | Shule County (Yengixahar County) | يېڭىشەھەر ناھىيىسى | Yéngisheher Nahiyisi | 疏勒县 | Shūlè Xiàn | 355,544 | 2,159 | 164.68 | |
4 | Yengisar County | يېڭىسار ناھىيىسى | Yéngisar Nahiyisi | Yīngjíshā Xiàn | 276,641 | 3,425 | 80.77 | ||
5 | Poskam County (Zepu County) | پوسكام ناھىيىسى | Poskam Nahiyisi | 泽普县 | Zépǔ Xiàn | 214,543 | 988 | 217.15 | |
6 | Yarkant County (Shache County) | يەكەن ناھىيىسى | Yeken Nahiyisi | 莎车县 | Shāchē Xiàn | 860,800 | 8,957 | 96,10 | |
7 | Kargilik County (Yecheng County) | قاغىلىق ناھىيىسى | Qaghiliq Nahiyisi | Yèchéng Xiàn | 525,436 | 28,559 | 18.40 | ||
8 | Makit County | مەكىت ناھىيىسى | Mekit Nahiyisi | Màigàití Xiàn | 224,154 | 10,883 | 20.60 | ||
9 | Yopurga County | يوپۇرغا ناھىيىسى | Yopurgha Nahiyisi | Yuèpǔhú Xiàn | 162,675 | 3,128 | 52.01 | ||
10 | Payzawat County (Jiashi; Peyziwat) | پەيزاۋات ناھىيىسى | Peyzawat Nahiyisi | Jiāshī Xiàn | 424,821 | 6,528 | 65.08 | ||
11 | Maralbexi County (Bachu County) | مارالبېشى ناھىيىسى | Maralbéshi Nahiyisi | Bāchǔ Xiàn | 366,141 | 18,377 | 19.92 | ||
12 | Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County | تاشقورغان تاجىك ئاپتونوم ناھىيىسى | Tashqorghan Tajik Aptonom Nahiyisi | Tǎshíkù'ěrgān Tǎjíkè Zìzhìxiàn | 39,946 | 24,682 | 1.62 |
Demographics
[edit]As of the end of 2017, 4,295,200 of the 4,649,700 residents of the prefecture were Uyghur, 288,000 were Han Chinese and 66,500 were from other ethnic groups.[26]
The population of Kashgar Prefecture was 4,499,158 according to the 2015 census. It has a population density of 35.5 inhabitants per km2.[27]
As of 2015, 4,140,255 of the 4,499,158 residents of the prefecture were Uyghur, 292,972 were Han Chinese and 65,931 were from other ethnic groups.[28]
The population growth of Kashgar declined significantly between 2015 and 2018.[29]
As of 1999, 89.37% of the population of Kashgar (Kasi) Prefecture was Uyghur and 9.1% of the population was Han Chinese.[30]
In 1997, the population of Kashgar Prefecture was 3,145,000 with Uyghurs making up 89.4% of the total.[18]
As of 1983–4, Kashgar Prefecture had 6,180 mosques.[5]
In the mid-1980's, there were two million Uyghurs in Kashgar Prefecture and 360,000 Han Chinese.[6]: 224
- Population by ethnicity
Ethnicity | 2000[31] | 2010[32] | 2015[28] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | % | Population | % | Population | % | |
Uyghur | 3,042,942 | 89.32% | 3,606,779 | 90.60% | 4,140,255 | 92.02% |
Han | 311,770 | 9.15% | 318,281 | 8.00% | 292,972 | 6.51% |
Tajik | 33,611 | 0.99% | 40,111 | 1.01% | ||
Kyrgyz | 5,078 | 0.15% | 5,528 | 0.14% | ||
Hui | 5,046 | 0.15% | 4,816 | 0.12% | ||
Uzbek | 2,496 | 0.07% | 2,050 | 0.05% | ||
Korean | 1,078 | 0.03% | 1,457 | 0.03% | ||
Tujia | 829 | 0.02% | 156 | <0.01% | ||
Miao | 649 | 0.02% | ||||
Mongol | 634 | 0.02% | 234 | <0.01% | ||
Tibetan | 530 | 0.02% | 158 | <0.01% | ||
Zhuang | 521 | 0.02% | 234 | <0.01% | ||
Kazakhs | 306 | 0.01% | ||||
Others | 1,607 | 0.05% | 638 | 0.02% | 65,931 | 1.47% |
Total | 3,406,791 | 100% | 3,980,778 | 100% | 4,499,158 | 100% |
Historical maps
[edit]Historical English-language maps including modern-day Kashgar Prefecture area:
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Map including Kashgar (1917)
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"Territory ceded by Pakistan to China in 1963 and never recognized by India" (Trans-Karakoram Tract in southern Kashgar Prefecture)
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c 喀什
概 况 [Kashgar Overview] (in Chinese (China)). Kashgar Prefecture People's Government. 26 December 2018. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2020.喀什
地区 下 辖1个市和 11个县,即 喀什市 、疏附县、疏勒县、英吉 沙 县、岳 普 湖 县、伽 师县、莎车县、泽普县、叶 城 县、麦 盖提县、巴 楚 县、塔 什库尔干塔 吉 克 自治 县。喀什市 是 喀什地区 行 署 所在地 , - ^ "喀什
地区 2022年 国民 经济和 社会 发展统计公 报(2020" (in Chinese). 16 May 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2024. - ^ "Vocational Education and Training in Xinjiang". State Council of the People's Republic of China (China Daily). 17 August 2019. Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
For some time Xinjiang, especially Kashgar Prefecture, Hotan Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in the south, where religious extremism has had a long and widespread presence, suffered badly from frequent acts of terrorism.
- ^ Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (2010).
建 筑抗震 设计规范 [GB50011-2010: Code for Seismic Design of Buildings] (in English and Simplified Chinese). Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. p. 203 – via Google Books.Kashgar Region
- ^ a b James D. Seymour (1985). China Rights Annals 1 Human Rights Developments in the People's Republic of China from October 1983 through September 1984. M. E. Sharpe. p. 90. ISBN 9780873323208 – via Internet Archive.
There are 6,180 mosques in Xinjiang's Kashgar Prefecture alone.
- ^ a b c Tiziano Terzani (1985). The Forbidden Door. Asia 2000 Ltd. p. 223, 224. ISBN 9789627160014 – via Internet Archive.
in August 1982, Kashgar Prefecture opened a frontier post to exchange goods with Pakistan;{...}In Kashgar Prefecture there are two million Uighurs. The Han number only 360,000, but they are the ones in command.
- ^ a b Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, US Department of State (2011). "International Religious Freedom Report for 2011 China (Includes Tibet, Hong Kong and Macau)". p. 10 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Kashgar Jinhuyang Cultural and Tourism Festival kicks off". Tianshannet. October 21, 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018 – via Internet Archive.
Citizens visit Jinhuyang National Forest Park at the opening ceremony of the 9th Kashgar Jinhuyang Cultural and Tourism Festival in Zepu county of Kashgar, northwest China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region , Oct .18, 2016.
- ^ "Section 21 – the Kingdom of Shule 疏勒 (Kashgar)".
- ^ Zheng C, Fu J, Li Z, Lin G, Jiang D, Zhou XN (8 December 2018). "Spatiotemporal Variation and Hot Spot Detection of Visceral Leishmaniasis Disease in Kashi Prefecture, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15 (12): 2784. doi:10.3390/ijerph15122784. PMC 6313707. PMID 30544811.
The results indicated that VL continues to be a serious public health problem in Kashi Prefecture, China, particularly in the north-central region of Jiashi County, which is a relatively high-risk area in which hot spots are distributed.
- ^ 3-7
各地 、州 、市 、县(市 )分 民族 人口 数 (in Chinese). Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-04-22. - ^ "KĀSHÍ SHÌ (County-level City)". City Population. Archived from the original on 2017-12-03. Retrieved 2017-08-11.
- ^ "Pakistan", Wikipedia, 2023-03-22, retrieved 2023-03-23
- ^ Kulikova, G.; Krüger, F. (2017). "Historical seismogram reproductions for the source parameters determination of the 1902, Atushi (Kashgar) earthquake". Journal of Seismology. 21 (6): 1577–1597. Bibcode:2017JSeis..21.1577K. doi:10.1007/s10950-017-9683-z. S2CID 135031442.
- ^ "Earthquake Ruins in Atushi (1902)". Chinese Academy of Sciences. kepu.net.cn. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
- ^ "The abiding mystery of Kashgar". The Pioneer. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
- ^ Xie Yuzhong
解 玉 忠 (2003).地名 中 的 新 疆 (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi:新 疆人民 出版 社 . pp. 191–93. ISBN 7-228-08004-1. - ^ a b c d 喀什
地区 历史沿革 [Kashgar Prefecture Historical Evolution]. XZQH.org. 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.2010
年 第 六 次 人口 普 查,喀什地区 常住 总人口 3979321人 ,其中:喀什市 506640人 ,疏附县311960人 ,疏勒县312455人 ,英吉 沙 县262067人 ,泽普县206936人 ,莎车县762385人 ,叶 城 县454328人 ,麦 盖提县258978人 ,岳 普 湖 县147688人 ,伽 师县381767人 ,巴 楚 县336274人 ,塔 什库尔干塔 吉 克 自治 县37843人 。 - ^ 泽普
概 况 (in Simplified Chinese). Poskam (Zepu) County People's Government. 17 July 2017. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020 – via Internet Archive.1956
年 6月 莎车专区撤销,泽普县划归喀什地区 至 今 。 - ^ Pierre-Antoine Donnet (1990). Tibet: Survival in Question. Translated by Tica Broch. p. 100-101 – via Internet Archive.
Concerning Xinjiang, the China Daily announced on 5 December 1992 that the Peking authorities had chosen the Kashgar region as the new home for almost 500,000 Chinese who would be displaced by the immense Three Gorges Dam project. Once the massive dam on the Yangtze river is operative, a great deal of farmland in central China's Hubei province will be permanently under water. When the final go-ahead is obtained for the project, says the official Chinese daily, 100,000 Chinese farmers will immediately be relocated in Kashgar prefecture, which is expected to absorb 480,000 in the long run. It goes without saying that a population transfer on this scale runs a real risk of further destabilizing an area where, as we have already seen, considerable Chinese Han immigration has taken place since the 1950s.
- ^ James A. Millward (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. Columbia University Press. p. 309. ISBN 9780231139243. Archived from the original on 2015-11-26. Retrieved 2020-04-08 – via Google Books.
In 1992 the China Daily reported a plan to relocate up to 470,000 people to Kashgar who were destined to be flooded out of their villages and towns by the Yangzi Three Gorges Dam, then just beginning construction in Central China. After demonstrations by affected villagers, complaints by Bingtuan and Xinjiang officials and an international outcry, Beijing officials dropped the idea.
- ^ Nabijan Tursun (2007). Uyghur Reader. Dunwoody Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-931546-42-3.
- ^
山 脉平原 . Kashgar Prefecture People's Government. 29 December 2018. Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.世界 上海 拔在8000米 以上 的 14座高 峰 中 ,有 4座 便 坐 落在喀喇昆 仑山脉之中 ,其中海拔 8611米 的 世界 第 二 高峰 ——乔戈里 峰 ,是 喀喇昆 仑山的 主峰 。 - ^ 疏附县历
史 沿革 . XZQH.org. 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.2014
年 ,自治 区 政府 (新政 函 [2014]8号 )同意 撤销乌帕尔乡,设立乌帕尔镇。2014年 10月 21日 ,自治 区 政府 (新政 函 [2014]194号 )同意 将 疏附县阿克 喀什乡划归喀什市管 辖。 - ^ 2019
年 统计用 区 划代码和城 乡划分 代 码:喀什地区 (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.统计
用 区 划代码名称 653101000000 喀什市 653121000000 疏附县 653122000000 疏勒县 653123000000英吉 沙 县 653124000000 泽普县 653125000000 莎车县 653126000000叶 城 县 653127000000麦 盖提县 653128000000岳 普 湖 县 653129000000伽 师县 653130000000巴 楚 县 653131000000塔 什库尔干塔 吉 克 自治 县 - ^ 喀什
地区 2017年 国民 经济和 社会 发展统计公 报 (in Simplified Chinese). Kashgar Prefecture People's Government. Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2020.年末 人口 总户数 119.08万 户,总人口 464.97万 人 ,比 上 年 增加 13.5万 人 ,城 镇人口 106.50万 人 ,占 总人口 比重 为22.90%。汉族人口 28.8万 人 ,占 总人口 比重 为6.2%;维吾尔族人口 429.52万 人 ,占 总人口 比重 为92.4%;塔 吉 克 族 人口 4.35万 人 ,占 总人口 比重 为0.94%;其他民族 人口 2万 人 ,占 总人口 比重 为0.43%。全 年 出生 率 12.83‰,死亡 率 4.82‰,人口 自然 增 长率8.01‰。 - ^ "KĀSHÍ DÌQŪ (Prefecture, Xīnjiāng Wéiwú'ĕr Zìzhìqū) Population". City Population. Archived from the original on 2017-02-23. Retrieved 2017-08-11.
- ^ a b 3-7
各地 、州 、市 、县(市 )分 民族 人口 数 (in Chinese (China)). Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-09-03. - ^ Adrian Zenz (24 November 2019). "China Didn't Want Us to Know. Now Its Own Files Are Doing the Talking". New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
Official statistics show that the combined net population growth rates of Hotan and Kashgar, two of the largest Uighur regions, dropped by about 84 percent between 2015 and 2018.
- ^ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-295-98390-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-01-07. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
- ^ 2000
年 人口 普 查中国 民族 人口 资料. Publishing House of Minority Nationalities. 2003. ISBN 7-105-05425-5. - ^ Stanley W. Toops (August 2012). Susan M. Walcott; Corey Johnson (eds.). Eurasian Corridors of Interconnection: From the South China to the Caspian Sea. Routledge. pp. 65–66. ISBN 978-1135078751. Archived from the original on 2017-02-23. Retrieved 2017-08-11.
External links
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