忉怛

Chinese

		grieved	distressed; alarmed; shocked distressed; alarmed; shocked; grieved
simp. and trad. (忉怛)		忉	怛

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dāodá

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠ ㄉㄚˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dāodá
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄠ ㄉㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: daodá
    • Wade–Giles: tao¹-ta²
    • Yale: dāu-dá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daudar
    • Palladius: даода (daoda)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: taw tat

Rime
Character	忉	怛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	端はし (5)	端はし (5)
Final (韻いん)	豪ごう (89)	曷 (63)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	I	I
Fanqie	都と勞ろう切きり	當とう割わり切きり
Baxter	taw	tat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tɑu/	/tɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tɑu/	/tɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tɑu/	/tɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/taw/	/tat̚/
Li Rong	/tɑu/	/tɑt̚/
Wang Li	/tɑu/	/tɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tɑu/	/tɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dāo	da
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dou1	daat3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*taːw  taːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	怛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dá
Middle Chinese	‹ tat ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁat/
English	grieved
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忉	怛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2109	2099
Phonetic component	刀かたな	旦だん
Rime group	宵よい	月つき
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime		怛
Old Chinese	/*taːw/	/*taːd/

Adjective

忉怛

1. (literary) sad; grieved; worried; distressed
2. (obsolete) wordy; garrulous