(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
ウルトラナショナリズム - Wikipedia

ウルトラナショナリズム

特定とくてい国家こっかあるいは民族みんぞく利益りえきなによりも追求ついきゅうする極端きょくたんなナショナリズム

ウルトラナショナリズムえい: Ultranationalism)とは、「特定とくてい国家こっかあるいは民族みんぞく利益りえきなによりも追求ついきゅうする極端きょくたんナショナリズム」を意味いみする用語ようごである[1][2]日本語にほんごではちょう国家こっか主義しゅぎやくされるが、ほとんどぎゃく意味いみスープラナショナリズム国家こっか超越ちょうえつした国際こくさい機関きかん主権しゅけんゆだねるべきとする思想しそう)にもおな訳語やくごてられることがあるので、ほんこうでは混同こんどうける意味いみからも、ウルトラナショナリズムのかたりもちいる。

概要がいよう

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ウルトラナショナリズムは、「国家こっか再生さいせい (Palingenesis)」の概念がいねんわさることにより、ファシズム重要じゅうよう基盤きばんとなり[3]政治せいじ思想しそうとしては極右きょくう位置付いちづけられ、くにによっては一部いちぶのウルトラナショナリズム団体だんたいテロ組織そしきとしてまっている場合ばあいもある[4]

ヤヌシュ・ブガジスキによれば、「ウルトラナショナリズムは、もっと極端きょくたん、あるいは発展はってんした形態けいたいにおいてファシズムにており、特徴とくちょうとして外国がいこくじん嫌悪けんお全体ぜんたい主義しゅぎとさええる権威けんい主義しゅぎてき政策せいさくカリスマてき指導しどうしゃ国家こっかかならずしも政党せいとう形態けいたいをとらない政治せいじ運動うんどう組織そしきの「有機ゆうきてき統一とういつ」という神話しんわ強調きょうちょうなどがいだされる」[5]

ロジャー・グリフィンによれば、ウルトラナショナリズムは本質ほんしつてきに「外国がいこくじん嫌悪けんお」であり、「過去かこ文化ぶんか政治せいじにおける自国じこくまたは民族みんぞく偉大いだいさや、てき勢力せいりょく打倒だとうしてきた歴史れきしなどといったひどく神話しんわされた物語ものがたりとおして」それ自体じたい正当せいとうすることがられており、また、「下品げひん形態けいたい人類じんるいがく遺伝いでんがく優生ゆうせいがく利用りようして、国家こっか優越ゆうえつせい使命しめい、さらには悪徳あくとく人間にんげんせい合理ごうりすることさえある」という[6]

ウルトラナショナリストの組織そしき

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政党せいとう

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立法府りっぽうふ代表だいひょう輩出はいしゅつしている政党せいとう

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過去かこ立法府りっぽうふ代表だいひょう輩出はいしゅつしていた政党せいとう

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政治せいじ団体だんたい

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GHQに解散かいさんさせられた団体だんたい

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だい世界せかい大戦たいせん1946ねん昭和しょうわ21ねん1がつ4にち連合れんごう国軍こくぐん最高さいこう司令しれいかんそう司令しれいは、だい日本にっぽん一新いっしんかい前身ぜんしんだい日本にっぽん生産せいさんとう)、だい日本にっぽん興亜こうあ連盟れんめい言論げんろん報国ほうこくかいなど27団体だんたいちょう国家こっか主義しゅぎ団体だんたいであるとして解散かいさん指令しれいした[42]

関連かんれん項目こうもく

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脚注きゃくちゅう

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注釈ちゅうしゃく

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出典しゅってん

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  1. ^ Ultranationalism. Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  2. ^ Ultranationalism. Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  3. ^ Roger Griffin, "Nationalism" in Cyprian Blamires, ed., World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 451–53.
  4. ^ Pamuk, Humeyra. “U.S. Designates Russian Ultra-Nationalist Group as Terrorist Organization”. US News. https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-04-06/us-designates-russia-based-ultranationalist-group-as-terrorist-organisation-us-official 2020ねん10がつ9にち閲覧えつらん 
  5. ^ The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-communist Europe. EastWest Institute. p.65. Section author - Janusz Bugajski. Book edited by Johnathan P.Stein. Published by M.E. Sharpe. Published in New York in 2000. Retrieved via Google Books.
  6. ^ Blamires, Cyprian (2006). World fascism: a historical encyclopedia. p. 452. ISBN 9781576079409. https://books.google.com/books?id=dDYRAQAAMAAJ&q=%22%22through+deeply+mythicized+narratives+of+past+cultural+or+political+periods%22 
  7. ^ Katsikas, Stefanos (2011). Negotiating Diplomacy in the New Europe: Foreign Policy in Post-Communist Bulgaria. I.B. Tauris. p. 64. 
  8. ^ Cyprus and the roadmap for peace - A critical interrogation of the conflict. p.87. Edited by Michalis S. Michael and Yucel Vural. Chapter authors - Yucel Vural, Sertac Sonan and Michalis S. Michael. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing in Cheltenham, UK. Published in 2018.
  9. ^ The 1619 Project and the far-right fear of history”. Washington Post (2019ねん8がつ20日はつか). 2019ねん9がつ8にち閲覧えつらん。 “A leader of Germany's ultranationalist AfD party in 2017 bemoaned how the country's focus on atoning ...”
  10. ^ Frankenstein pact puts AfD in coalition”. The Times (2019ねん7がつ23にち). 2019ねん9がつ8にち閲覧えつらん。 “A married couple have run into trouble for forging the first local pact between Angela Merkel’s party and the ultranationalist Alternative for Germany (AfD) in defiance of the chancellor.”
  11. ^ Greek elections: landslide victory for centre-right New Democracy party”. The Guardian (2019ねん7がつ7にち). 2019ねん9がつ10日とおか閲覧えつらん。 “Smaller parties, such as the ultra-nationalist Greek Solution and leftist MeRA25, headed by Yanis Varoufakis, the former finance minister, were targeting younger Greeks.”
  12. ^ Mark Magnier (2012ねん3がつ8にち). “In India, battle continues over Hindu temple's riches - latimes”. Los Angeles Times. Articles.latimes.com. 2015ねん12月2にち閲覧えつらん
  13. ^ “Election Polls: 6-14 Seats for Bennett and Shaked's New Right-wing Party, Labor Party Crashes”. Times of Israel. (2018ねん12月30にち). https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/.premium-israel-elections-far-right-parties-mull-next-steps-after-bennett-s-bombshell-1.6789549 
  14. ^ Can a left-wing alliance stop Salvini from forming a far-right government in Italy?”. France 24 (2019ねん8がつ15にち). 2020ねん3がつ15にち閲覧えつらん
  15. ^ “Polish Interior Minister Issues Last-Minute Ban on Neo-Fascist Show of Force Outside Israeli Embassy in Warsaw”. The Algemeiner. (2018ねん1がつ31にち). https://www.algemeiner.com/2018/01/31/polish-interior-minister-issues-last-minute-ban-on-neo-fascist-show-of-force-outside-israeli-embassy-in-warsaw/ 
  16. ^ Ultranationalists Move to Slap Fines on Use of Foreign Words” (2013ねん2がつ21にち). 2019ねん4がつ1にち閲覧えつらん
  17. ^ Van Herpen, Marcel H. (2015). Putin's Propaganda Machine: Soft Power and Russian Foreign Policy. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 34 
  18. ^ Ford, Peter (2018ねん). “Serbian Radical Party surge may complicate reform”. Christian Science Monitor. 2018ねん12月17にち閲覧えつらん
  19. ^ “Not Even a Prosperous Slovakia Is Immune to Doubts About the E.U.”. ニューヨーク・タイムズ. (2016ねん12月17にち). https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/17/world/europe/slovakia-european-union-populists-migrants.html 
  20. ^ Acha, Beatriz (6 January 2019). “No, no es un partido (neo)fascista”. Agenda Pública. http://agendapublica.elpais.com/no-no-es-un-partido-neofascista/. 
  21. ^ Antón-Mellón, Joan (29 April 2019). “Vox. Del nacional-catolicismo al ultranacionalismo neoliberal”. Agenda Pública. http://agendapublica.elpais.com/vox-del-nacional-catolicismo-al-ultranacionalismo-neoliberal/. 
  22. ^ Danger on the Swiss Stock Exchange”. INGグループ (2018ねん12月5にち). 2020ねん3がつ17にち閲覧えつらん。 “The ultra-nationalist Swiss People's Party (SVP or UDC) - the most powerful political movement in the country - is campaigning against European agreements.”
  23. ^ Arman, Murat Necip (2007). “The Sources Of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism”. CEU Political Science Journal (2): 133–151. 
  24. ^ Eissenstat, Howard. (November 2002). Anatolianism: The History of a Failed Metaphor of Turkish Nationalism. Middle East Studies Association Conference. Washington, D.C.
  25. ^ Gocek, Fatma Muge (2014). Denial of Violence. Oxford University Press. p. 402 
  26. ^ “Svoboda: The rise of Ukraine's ultra-nationalists”. BBC. (2012ねん12月25にち). https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20824693 2015ねん3がつ1にち閲覧えつらん 
  27. ^ Tsatsanis, Emmanouil (2011), “Hellenism under siege: the national-populist logic of antiglobalization rhetoric in Greece”, Journal of Political Ideologies 16 (1): 11–31, doi:10.1080/13569317.2011.540939, "...and far right-wing newspapers such as Alpha Ena, Eleytheros Kosmos, Eleytheri Ora and Stohos (the mouthpiece of ultra-nationalist group Chrysi Avgi)." 
  28. ^ Ivarsflaten, Elisabeth (2006), Reputational Shields: Why Most Anti-Immigrant Parties Failed in Western Europe, 1980–2005, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, p. 15, http://www.nuffield.ox.ac.uk/Politics/papers/2006/ivarsflatenapsa2006.pdf 
  29. ^ On the Road with Golden Dawn, Greece’s Ultra-Nationalist Party. Time. Published 31 October 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  30. ^ Nippon Kaigi: The ultra-nationalistic group trying to restore the might of the Japanese Empire. ABC News Online. Author - Matthew Carney. Published 2 December 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
  31. ^ Abe's cabinet reshuffle”. East Asia Forum (2019ねん9がつ14にち). 2020ねん10がつ3にち閲覧えつらん。 “Abe also rewarded right-wing politicians who are close to him — so-called ‘ideological friends’ who are being increasingly pushed to the forefront of his administration — such as LDP Executive Acting Secretary-General Koichi Hagiuda who was appointed Education Minister. As a member of the ultranationalist Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference), which seeks to promote patriotic education, he can be considered ‘reliable’ as the government’s policy leader on national education.”
  32. ^ Japanese minister becomes first in two years to visit Tokyo's controversial Yasukuni Shrine”. South China Morning Post (2019ねん10がつ17にち). 2020ねん6がつ5にち閲覧えつらん。 “Eto is serving in his first cabinet position and is a member of the ultranationalist Nippon Kaigi organisation, whose aims are to revise the “national consciousness” surrounding the prosecution of Japan’s war criminals and to change the nation’s pacifist constitution implemented after the war. The group also promotes “patriotic education”.”
  33. ^ Michal Kolmas, ed (2019). National Identity and Japanese Revisionism. Routledge. ISBN 9781351334396. https://books.google.com/books?id=XUNvDwAAQBAJ&q=Nippon+Kaigi+ultranationalism&pg=PT245. "... and foreign policy are rightwing revisionists organized in groups such as the ultranationalist Nippon Kaigi ..." 
  34. ^ Ugo Dessì, ed (2013). Japanese Religions and Globalization. Routledge. p. 146. ISBN 9780415811705. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNhgxGsyzwsC&q=Nippon+Kaigi+ultranationalism&pg=PA146 
  35. ^ “Japan combats rise in hate speech”. Al Jazeera. (2015ねん11月30にち). http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/11/30/japan-encounters-rise-in-hate-speech.html 2020ねん6がつ5にち閲覧えつらん. "... and many don’t speak Korean or have ties to Korea. Even so, ultranationalist groups like Zaitokukai have singled them out and used Japan’s very liberal protection of speech to harass, intimidate and silence Zainichi with noisy street protests and attacks online, often anonymously." 
  36. ^ “Head of anti-foreigner group Zaitokukai to step down”. Japan Times. (2015ねん11月30にち). https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/11/12/national/head-of-anti-foreigner-group-zaitokukai-to-step-down/#.XtnM2NUzaUk 2020ねん6がつ5にち閲覧えつらん. "The longtime chairman of the ultranationalist group Zaitokukai has announced he will step down and even give up his membership in the group, saying the move will eventually bolster the organization’s influence." 
  37. ^ ワグネル・グループ (PDF) 2022ねん6がつ30にち閲覧えつらん
  38. ^ https://stockholmcf.org/germany-seeks-to-ban-ultranationalist-turkish-grey-wolves-symbols/
  39. ^ https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/24c5f251-70e1-482a-a81a-6644a2e9bc75
  40. ^ https://www.duvarenglish.com/human-rights/2020/05/09/far-right-group-attempts-to-attack-grup-yorum-member-gokceks-grave-to-burn-his-body/
  41. ^ Alessio, Dominic; Meredith, Kristen (2014). “Blackshirts for the Twenty–First Century? Fascism and the English Defence League”. Social Identities 20 (1): 104–118. doi:10.1080/13504630.2013.843058. 
  42. ^ 世相せそう風俗ふうぞく観察かんさつかい増補ぞうほ新版しんぱん 現代げんだい世相せそう風俗ふうぞく年表ねんぴょう 昭和しょうわ20ねん(1945)-平成へいせい20ねん(2008)』河出書房新社かわでしょぼうしんしゃ、2003ねん11月7にち、12ぺーじISBN 9784309225043