肿瘤坏死因子いんし

肿瘤坏死因子いんし
肿瘤坏死因子いんし
	PDB rendering based on 1TNF.
有效ゆうこう结构
PDB	直系ちょっけい同どう源みなもと检索：PDBe, RCSB
PDB查询代だい码列表ひょう
	1A8M, 1TNF, 2AZ5, 2E7A, 2TUN, 2ZJC, 2ZPX, 3ALQ, 3IT8, 3L9J, 4TSV, 5TSW
标识
代だい号ごう	TNF; DIF; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2
扩展标识	遗传学がく：191160 鼠ねずみ基もと因いん：104798 同どう源みなもと基はじめ因いん：496 ChEMBL: 1825 GeneCards: TNF Gene
基もと因いん本体ほんたい论描述じゅつ
分子ぶんし功こう能のう	· protease binding; · cytokine activity; · tumor necrosis factor receptor binding; · protein binding; · identical protein binding; · transcription regulatory region DNA binding;
细胞成分せいぶん	· phagocytic cup; · extracellular space; · plasma membrane; · integral to plasma membrane; · external side of plasma membrane; · cell surface; · membrane raft; · recycling endosome;
生物せいぶつ过程	· protein import into nucleus, translocation; · negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; · MAPK cascade; · activation of MAPKKK activity; · activation of MAPK activity; · response to hypoxia; · cell activation; · positive regulation of cytokine production; · positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; · negative regulation of L-glutamate transport; · chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; · negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response; · positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; · positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin; · skeletal muscle contraction; · glucose metabolic process; · apoptotic process; · anti-apoptosis; · induction of apoptosis; · activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; · transformed cell apoptotic process; · inflammatory response; · humoral immune response; · JNK cascade; · negative regulation of cell proliferation; · induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals; · induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals; · induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors; · response to mechanical stimulus; · response to virus; · response to salt stress; · organ morphogenesis; · negative regulation of gene expression; · negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity; · negative regulation of lipid storage; · positive regulation of necrotic cell death; · response to activity; · calcium-mediated signaling; · extracellular matrix organization; · sequestering of triglyceride; · positive regulation of protein complex assembly; · positive regulation of fever generation; · lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; · negative regulation of interleukin-6 production; · positive regulation of chemokine production; · positive regulation of interferon-gamma production; · positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; · receptor biosynthetic process; · positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; · tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway; · positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion; · positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus; · response to drug; · positive regulation of apoptotic process; · positive regulation of apoptotic process; · negative regulation of apoptotic process; · positive regulation of programmed cell death; · regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; · positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; · positive regulation of protein complex disassembly; · positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; · protein kinase B signaling cascade; · positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process; · negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host; · negative regulation of viral genome replication; · positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process; · positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process; · positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; · negative regulation of fat cell differentiation; · negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation; · positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation; · positive regulation of mitosis; · negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; · positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; · positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; · positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; · positive regulation of translational initiation by iron; · negative regulation of glucose import; · positive regulation of JNK cascade; · embryonic digestive tract development; · positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; · positive regulation of cytokine secretion; · regulation of insulin secretion; · positive regulation of synaptic transmission; · defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; · leukocyte tethering or rolling; · negative regulation of lipid catabolic process; · regulation of immunoglobulin secretion; · positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis; · positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; · positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; · positive regulation of protein transport; · response to glucocorticoid stimulus; · positive regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus; · positive regulation of hair follicle development; · positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; · induction of necroptosis by extracellular signals; · positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process; · positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity; · epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis; · regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis; · negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis; · necrotic cell death; · positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; · cellular response to amino acid stimulus; · cellular response to nicotine; · cellular response to organic cyclic compound; · positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration; · positive regulation of podosome assembly; · extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; · positive regulation of protein localization at cell surface; · positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表ひょう达模式しき
	更さら多た表ひょう达数据すえ
直系ちょっけい同どう源みなもと体たい
物もの种	人ひと类
Entrez	7124
Ensembl	ENSG00000204490
UniProt	P01375
mRNA序列じょれつ	NM_000594.3
蛋白たんぱく序列じょれつ	NP_000585.2
基もと因いん位置いち	Chr 6:; 31.54 – 31.55 Mb
PubMed查询	[1]
	查; 论; 编;

肿瘤坏死因子いんし（TNF）旧称きゅうしょう肿瘤坏死因子いんし-αあるふぁ（TNF-αあるふぁ）^[1]以区别肿瘤こぶ坏死因子いんし-βべーた，属ぞく肿瘤坏死因子いんし超ちょう家族かぞく一いち员，是ぜ一种涉及到系统性炎症えんしょう的てき细胞因子いんし，同どう时也是ぜ属ぞく于引起おこり急きゅう相反あいはん应（英えい语：Acute-phase protein）的てき众多细胞因子いんし中ちゅう的てき一いち员。主要しゅよう由ゆかり巨きょ噬细胞分泌ぶんぴつ，不ふ过有一些其它类型的细胞也能生产。

功こう能のう

總括そうかつ而言，腫しゅ瘤こぶ壞死えし因子いんし能のう抑制よくせい不ふ同種どうしゅ流感りゅうかん病毒びょうどく的てき複製ふくせい，擁よう有ゆう強大きょうだい的てき抗こう病毒びょうどく效果こうか^[2]。肿瘤坏死因子いんし的てき主要しゅよう作用さよう是ぜ调节免疫めんえき细胞的てき功こう能のう。作さく为一种内源性致热原，它能够促使し发热，引起细胞凋亡，（通つう过诱使し产生IL1和わIL6（英えい语：Interleukin 6））引发败血症しょう，引起恶病体びょうたい质，引发炎症えんしょう，阻止そし肿瘤发生和わ病毒びょうどく复制（英えい语：Viral replication）。

肿瘤坏死因子いんし生せい产的失しつ调被认为与许多人じん类疾病びょう有ゆう关，包括ほうかつ阿おもね茲海默だま症しょう^[3]、癌がん症しょう^[4]、重じゅう性せい抑そもそも郁いく障碍しょうがい^[5]和わ肠炎。^[6]虽然仍有争そう议，不ふ过当前まえ的てき研究けんきゅう认为肿瘤坏死因子いんしαあるふぁ的てき水平すいへい与あずか抑そもそも郁いく和わ肠炎有ゆう关。^[7]基もと因いん工程こうてい生せい产的肿瘤坏死因子いんし被ひ用作ようさく免めん疫兴奋剂（英えい语：Immunostimulant）（国くに际非专利药品名称めいしょう为他た索さく纳明）。肿瘤的てき恶变过程中ちゅう，肿瘤坏死因子いんしαあるふぁ常つね异位表ひょう达，而其过量表ひょう达同副ふく甲狀腺こうじょうせん素もと一道与引发继发性高こう钙血症しょう和かず癌がん症しょう有ゆう关。

炎症えんしょう過程かてい中ちゅう釋放しゃくほう的てきTNF與あずかH2O2誘導ゆうどう的てきBCa轉化てんか有ゆう關せき，伴ばん血ち吸蟲感染かんせん的てきBCa患者かんじゃ血清けっせい中ちゅうTNF水平すいへい顯著けんちょ升ます高だか。另外，T3及T4期き患者かんじゃTNF水平すいへい高だか於T1及T2早期そうき患者かんじゃ，提示ていじTNF水平すいへい可能かのう有ゆう助じょ於BCa的てき進展しんてん^[8]。由よし於TNF有ゆう助じょ於BCa的てき形成けいせい和わ發展はってん，故こ而可以作為さくい評ひょう估BCa侵おかせ襲かさね性せい和わ惡性あくせい程度ていど的てき指標しひょう^[9]。

参考さんこう文献ぶんけん

^ Liu CY, Tam SS, Huang Y, Dubé PE, Alhosh R, Girish N, Punit S, Nataneli S, Li F, Bender JM, Washington MK, Polk DB. TNF Receptor 1 Promotes Early-Life Immunity and Protects against Colitis in Mice. Cell Rep. 2020 Oct 20;33(3):108275. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108275. PMID 33086075; PMCID: PMC7682618.
^ Seo, S. H.; Webster, R. G. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Exerts Powerful Anti-Influenza Virus Effects in Lung Epithelial Cells. Journal of Virology. 2002-02-01, 76 (3): 1071–1076. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/jvi.76.3.1071-1076.2002.
^ Swardfager W, Lanctôt K, Rothenburg L, Wong A, Cappell J, Herrmann N. A meta-analysis of cytokines in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 68 (10): 930–941. PMID 20692646. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.012.
^ Locksley RM, Killeen N, Lenardo MJ. The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Cell. 2001, 104 (4): 487–501. PMID 11239407. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00237-9.
^ Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, Liu H, Sham L, Reim EK, Lanctôt KL. A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 67 (5): 446–457. PMID 20015486. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033.
^ Brynskov J, Foegh P, Pedersen G, Ellervik C, Kirkegaard T, Bingham A, Saermark T. Tumour necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE) activity in the colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2002, 51 (1): 37–43. PMC 1773288 . PMID 12077089. doi:10.1136/gut.51.1.37.
^ Mikocka-Walus AA, Turnbull DA, Moulding NT, Wilson IG, Andrews JM, Holtmann GJ. Controversies surrounding the comorbidity of depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a literature review. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 2007, 13 (2): 225–234. PMID 17206706. doi:10.1002/ibd.20062.
^ 葉は衛まもる豐ゆたか,賀が敏さとし,吳ご志こころざし斌あきら.膀胱ぼうこう癌がん患者かんじゃ外周がいしゅう血ち中ちゅうIL-2、IFN-γがんま、TNF的てき表ひょう達たち及臨床りんしょう意義いぎ.臨床りんしょう和わ實驗じっけん醫學いがく雜誌ざっし,2016,15(11):1064
^ 孫まご祖そ剛つよし、劉りゅう碩せき等とう.炎症えんしょう細胞さいぼう和わ促炎性せい細胞さいぼう因子いんし在ざい膀胱ぼうこう腫しゅ瘤こぶ炎症えんしょう微ほろ環境かんきょう中ちゅう的てき作用さよう概がい述じゅつ.湖北こほく科技かぎ學院がくいん學がく報ほう(醫學いがく版ばん).2018年ねん，第だい5期き：P451-454

參まいり見み

單たん株かぶ益生ますお菌きん(Bifidobacterium animalis)

外部がいぶ連結れんけつ

醫學いがく主題しゅだい詞し表ひょう（MeSH）：Tumor+Necrosis+Factor-alpha

[1] Liu CY, Tam SS, Huang Y, Dubé PE, Alhosh R, Girish N, Punit S, Nataneli S, Li F, Bender JM, Washington MK, Polk DB. TNF Receptor 1 Promotes Early-Life Immunity and Protects against Colitis in Mice. Cell Rep. 2020 Oct 20;33(3):108275. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108275. PMID 33086075; PMCID: PMC7682618.

[2] Seo, S. H.; Webster, R. G. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Exerts Powerful Anti-Influenza Virus Effects in Lung Epithelial Cells. Journal of Virology. 2002-02-01, 76 (3): 1071–1076. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/jvi.76.3.1071-1076.2002.

[pmid20692646-3] Swardfager W, Lanctôt K, Rothenburg L, Wong A, Cappell J, Herrmann N. A meta-analysis of cytokines in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 68 (10): 930–941. PMID 20692646. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.012.

[pmid11239407-4] Locksley RM, Killeen N, Lenardo MJ. The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Cell. 2001, 104 (4): 487–501. PMID 11239407. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00237-9.

[pmid20015486-5] Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, Liu H, Sham L, Reim EK, Lanctôt KL. A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 67 (5): 446–457. PMID 20015486. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033.

[pmid12077089-6] Brynskov J, Foegh P, Pedersen G, Ellervik C, Kirkegaard T, Bingham A, Saermark T. Tumour necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE) activity in the colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2002, 51 (1): 37–43. PMC 1773288 . PMID 12077089. doi:10.1136/gut.51.1.37.

[pmid17206706-7] Mikocka-Walus AA, Turnbull DA, Moulding NT, Wilson IG, Andrews JM, Holtmann GJ. Controversies surrounding the comorbidity of depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a literature review. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 2007, 13 (2): 225–234. PMID 17206706. doi:10.1002/ibd.20062.

[8] 葉は衛まもる豐ゆたか,賀が敏さとし,吳ご志こころざし斌あきら.膀胱ぼうこう癌がん患者かんじゃ外周がいしゅう血ち中ちゅうIL-2、IFN-γがんま、TNF的てき表ひょう達たち及臨床りんしょう意義いぎ.臨床りんしょう和わ實驗じっけん醫學いがく雜誌ざっし,2016,15(11):1064

[9] 孫まご祖そ剛つよし、劉りゅう碩せき等とう.炎症えんしょう細胞さいぼう和わ促炎性せい細胞さいぼう因子いんし在ざい膀胱ぼうこう腫しゅ瘤こぶ炎症えんしょう微ほろ環境かんきょう中ちゅう的てき作用さよう概がい述じゅつ.湖北こほく科技かぎ學院がくいん學がく報ほう(醫學いがく版ばん).2018年ねん，第だい5期き：P451-454

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