四よん乙おつ基もと铵盐

四乙基铵阳离子
	IUPAC名めい; N,N,N-Triethylethanaminium
别名	Tetraethylazanium
识别
CAS号ごう	66-40-0
PubChem	5413
ChemSpider	5220
SMILES	CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC;
InChI	1/C8H20N/c1-5-9(6-2,7-3)8-4/h5-8H2,1-4H3/q+1;
InChIKey	CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYAM
ChEBI	44296
IUPHAR配はい体たい	2343
性せい质
化学かがく式しき	C8H20N+
摩ま尔质量りょう	130.25 g·mol⁻¹
相あい关物质
其他阳离子こ	四よん甲きのえ基はじめ铵盐; 四よん丁ちょう基もと铵盐
	若わか非ひ注ちゅう明あかり，所有しょゆう数すう据すえ均ひとし出自しゅつじ标准状じょう态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下した。

四乙基铵阳离子 ，化学かがく式しきN(C
2H
5)+
4或あるNEt+
4，是ぜ一いち种季き铵阳离子，由よし四よん个乙おつ基もと和わ氮阳离子こ组成。四よん乙おつ基もと铵盐则是四乙基铵阳离子形成的盐。它是研究けんきゅう实验室しつ中ちゅう用よう来らい制せい备无机つくえ离子脂あぶら质盐的てき一いち种平衡へいこう离子。它的用よう处类似に四よん丁ちょう基もと铵盐（英えい语：tetrabutylammonium），不ふ过四乙基铵盐的亲脂性更低，更さら易えき结晶。

制せい备[编辑]

四乙基氯化铵可以由三さん乙おつ胺和かず氯乙烷反应而成なり。

Et₃N + EtX → Et₄N⁺X⁻

这个方法ほうほう对四乙基碘化铵 (X = I)也适用よう。^[1]

大だい部分ぶぶん四乙基铵盐都是由复分解ぶんかい反はん应制せい备的。举个例れい子こ，四乙基高氯酸铵是由可溶的四乙基溴化铵和わ高こう氯酸钠在ざい水中すいちゅう反はん应，形成けいせい不溶ふよう的てき四乙基高氯酸铵沉淀而成的：^[2]

Et₄N⁺Br⁻ + Na⁺[ClO₄]⁻ → Na⁺Br⁻ + Et₄N⁺[ClO₄]⁻

其它例れい子こ包括ほうかつ四乙基氰化铵 (Et₄NCN)^[3]和わ三さん氯合锡(II)酸さん四よん乙おつ基もと铵 (Et₄NSnCl₃)。^[4]在ざい某ぼう些情况下，阴离子こ是ぜ不能ふのう在ざい水中すいちゅう产生的てき，像ぞう是ぜ四よん面体めんてい型がた的てき [NiCl₄]²⁻。^[5]

性せい质[编辑]

四乙基铵阳离子的有效半径是 ~0.45 nm，可か以和水すい合ごう的てき K⁺ 离子比ひ较。^[6]四乙基铵阳离子的离子半径はんけい是ぜ 0.385 nm，而这个离子こ的てき多た个热力学りきがく参さん数すう已やめ被ひ记录。^[7]^[8]

用よう处[编辑]

四よん甲きのえ基はじめ铵盐的てき主要しゅよう化学かがく特とく征せい是ぜ它们能のう够参与さんよ涉わたる及相转移的てき过程，例れい如相あい转移催化剂。^[9]

四乙基氟硼酸铵和四乙基甲磺酸铵可以用作双そう电层电容器き的てき有ゆう机つくえ电解质。^[10]

四乙基卤化铵和四乙基氢氧化铵可以用来制造沸にえ石せき。^[11]

参まいり见[编辑]

参考さんこう资料[编辑]

^ A. A. Vernon and J. L. Sheard (1948). "The solubility of tetraethylammonium iodide in benzene-ethylene dichloride mixtures." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70 2035-2036.
^ I. M. Kolthoff and J. F. Coetzee (1957). "Polarography in acetonitrile. I. Metal ions which have comparable polarographic properties in acetonitrile and in water." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 870-874.
^ R. L. Dieck, E. J. Peterson, A. Galliart, T. M. Brown, T. Moeller "Tetraethylammonium, Tetraphenylarsonium, and Ammonium Cyanates and Cyanides" Inorganic Syntheses, 1976, Vol. 16, pp. 131–137. doi:10.1002/9780470132470.ch36
^ G. W. Parshall "Tetraethylammonium Trichlorogermanate(1−) and Trichlorostannate(1−)" Inorganic Syntheses, 1974, Vol. 15, pp. 222–225. doi:10.1002/9780470132463.ch48
^ Naida S. Gill, F. B. Taylor "Tetrahalo Complexes of Dipositive Metals in the First Transition Series" Inorganic Syntheses, 1967, Vol. 9, pp. 136–142. doi:10.1002/9780470132401.ch37
^ C. M. Armstrong (1971). "Interaction of tetraethylammonium ion derivatives with the potassium channels of giant axons." J. Gen. Physiol. 58 413-437.
^ D. H. Aue, H. M. Webb and M. T. Bowers (1976). "A thermodynamic analysis of solvation effects on the basicities of alkylamines. An electrostatic analysis of substituent effects." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98 318–329.
^ J. Palomo and P. N. Pintauro (2003). "Competitive absorption of quaternary ammonium and alkali metal cations into a Nafion cation-exchange membrane." J. Membrane Sci. 215 103-114.
^ C. M. Starks, C. L. Liotta and M. Halpern (1994). "Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Fundamentals, Applications, and Industrial Perspectives." Springer.
^ J. Huang, B. G. Sumpter and V. Meunier (2008). "A universal model for nanoporous carbon supercapacitors applicable to diverse pore regimes, carbon materials, and electrolytes." Chem. Eur. J. 14 6614-6626.
^ US patent 5139759A,「Synthesis of zeolite beta」

[1] A. A. Vernon and J. L. Sheard (1948). "The solubility of tetraethylammonium iodide in benzene-ethylene dichloride mixtures." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70 2035-2036.

[2] I. M. Kolthoff and J. F. Coetzee (1957). "Polarography in acetonitrile. I. Metal ions which have comparable polarographic properties in acetonitrile and in water." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 870-874.

[3] R. L. Dieck, E. J. Peterson, A. Galliart, T. M. Brown, T. Moeller "Tetraethylammonium, Tetraphenylarsonium, and Ammonium Cyanates and Cyanides" Inorganic Syntheses, 1976, Vol. 16, pp. 131–137. doi:10.1002/9780470132470.ch36

[4] G. W. Parshall "Tetraethylammonium Trichlorogermanate(1−) and Trichlorostannate(1−)" Inorganic Syntheses, 1974, Vol. 15, pp. 222–225. doi:10.1002/9780470132463.ch48

[5] Naida S. Gill, F. B. Taylor "Tetrahalo Complexes of Dipositive Metals in the First Transition Series" Inorganic Syntheses, 1967, Vol. 9, pp. 136–142. doi:10.1002/9780470132401.ch37

[Arm-6] C. M. Armstrong (1971). "Interaction of tetraethylammonium ion derivatives with the potassium channels of giant axons." J. Gen. Physiol. 58 413-437.

[7] D. H. Aue, H. M. Webb and M. T. Bowers (1976). "A thermodynamic analysis of solvation effects on the basicities of alkylamines. An electrostatic analysis of substituent effects." J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98 318–329.

[8] J. Palomo and P. N. Pintauro (2003). "Competitive absorption of quaternary ammonium and alkali metal cations into a Nafion cation-exchange membrane." J. Membrane Sci. 215 103-114.

[9] C. M. Starks, C. L. Liotta and M. Halpern (1994). "Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Fundamentals, Applications, and Industrial Perspectives." Springer.

[10] J. Huang, B. G. Sumpter and V. Meunier (2008). "A universal model for nanoporous carbon supercapacitors applicable to diverse pore regimes, carbon materials, and electrolytes." Chem. Eur. J. 14 6614-6626.

[11] US patent 5139759A,「Synthesis of zeolite beta」

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