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果食主义 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书 跳とべ转到内容ないよう

果はて食しょく主しゅ义

维基百科ひゃっか，自由じゆう的てき百科ひゃっか全ぜん书

果はて食しょく主しゅ义（英語えいご：Fruitarianism）是これ素もと食しょく主しゅ义或ある純じゅん素もと主義しゅぎ的てき一いち种，主しゅ张植物しょくぶつ同どう样具有ぐゆう不可ふか践踏的てき生命せいめい，因いん此主义实践者只ただ吃ども植物しょくぶつ的てき果はて实。果はて食しょく主しゅ义中关于果はて的てき定てい义来自じ于植物しょくぶつ学がく而非日び常用じょうよう语，也就是ぜ说黄き瓜ふり、茄子なすび、蕃しげる茄なす、辣椒等とう通常つうじょう不ふ归类于水みず果はて的てき植物しょくぶつ学がく果はて实是可か以食用よう的てき。基もと於各種かくしゅ理由りゆう人じん們選擇せんたく採取さいしゅ果はて食しょく主義しゅぎ，包括ほうかつ道德どうとく、宗教しゅうきょう、環たまき保たもつ、文化ぶんか與あずか健康けんこう等ひとし等ひとし。有ゆう些人的てき當とう飲食いんしょく超過ちょうか75%都みやこ是ただし由よし果實かじつ組成そせい便びん自稱じしょう為果しおおせ食しょく主義しゅぎ者しゃ。[1]

定義ていぎ[编辑]

有ゆう些果食しょく主義しゅぎ者しゃ只ただ吃ども會かい從したがえ植物しょくぶつ上じょう自然しぜん掉落的てき食物しょくもつ，也就是ぜ不用ふよう傷害しょうがい植物しょくぶつ就能收よしかず割わり的てき食物しょくもつ[2][3][4] ，這些食物しょくもつ主要しゅよう包括ほうかつ水みず果はて、堅けん果はて與あずか種子しゅし[5]。根據こんきょ作者さくしゃAdam Gollner，有ゆう些果食しょく主義しゅぎ者しゃ只ただ吃ども已やめ經けい掉落的てき果實かじつ [6] 。也有やゆう一いち些不吃ども榖物こくもつ的まと人じん，他た們相信しん這是不自然ふしぜん的てき作法さほう [7]。有ゆう些人則そく認みとめ為ため不ふ應おう食用しょくよう會かい長成ちょうせい植物しょくぶつ[6]、堅けん果はて、種子しゅし[8]及水果はて之の前まえ的てき一切いっさい植物しょくぶつ的てき種子しゅし[9] [10] 。還かえ有ゆう人相にんそう信しん應おう該只吃ども會かい在ざい被ひ吃ども掉後散ち播種はしゅ子こ的てき植物しょくぶつ[11]。一いち些果食しょく主義しゅぎ者しゃ採用さいよう植物しょくぶつ學がく的てき定義ていぎ食用しょくよう包括ほうかつ豆まめ科か植物しょくぶつ在ざい內的果實かじつ。也有やゆう包括ほうかつ生せい果はて、果はて乾いぬい、蜂蜜はちみつ、橄欄油ゆ在ざい內[12]，或ある食しょく用水ようすい果はて、堅けん果はて、種子しゅし及巧克かつ力りょく的てき人じん[13]。

動機どうき[编辑]

一些果食主義者為猶なお太ふと基督きりすと徒と，根據こんきょ創世そうせい紀き第だい一いち章しょう二に十じゅう九きゅう節せつ，他た們認為果しおおせ食しょく主義しゅぎ是ぜ亞あ當とう與あずか夏なつ娃，也就是ぜ人類じんるい最初さいしょ的てき飲食いんしょく模も式しき。同時どうじ他た們也相しょう信しんじ若わか要よう回歸かいき一いち個こ伊い甸園般的樂園らくえん，將はた需要じゅよう簡單かんたん的てき生活せいかつ與あずか一個完全接納健康與飲食的方法。[14]有ゆう些果食しょく主義しゅぎ者しゃ(如耆那な教徒きょうと)則のり希望きぼう避免殺害さつがい包括ほうかつ植物しょくぶつ在ざい內的任にん何なん生命せいめい，而被稱しょう為ため不ふ害がい的てき果はて食しょく主義しゅぎ者しゃ。[15]有ゆう些果食しょく主義しゅぎ者しゃ主張しゅちょう吃ども植物しょくぶつ的てき果はて食しょく實際じっさい上じょう是ぜ幫了它們一いち個こ大だい忙せわし，因いん為ため有ゆう肉質にくしつ的てき果はて食しょく是ぜ演えんじ化成かせい適合てきごう被ひ動物どうぶつ所しょ食用しょくよう，藉此得とく以繁衍後代だい。

科學かがく研究けんきゅう[编辑]

生物せいぶつ學がく研究けんきゅう[编辑]

在ざい1979年ねん，一いち名めい約やく翰·霍普金きん斯大學がく的てき古人こじん類るい學がく家か亞あ倫りん‧渥克教授きょうじゅ(Professor Allen Walker)回報かいほう了りょう一いち項こう關せき於原始げんし人類じんるい牙きば齒ぱ琺琅質しつ的てき初步しょほ研究けんきゅう，他た發現はつげん人類じんるい祖先そせん的てき飲食いんしょく主要しゅよう來き自じ於果實かじつ。這項發現はつげん令れい他た感かん到いた非常ひじょう驚おどろき訝いぶか。[16]

臨床りんしょう研究けんきゅう[编辑]

於1971年ねん，一いち項こう由ゆかりB. J. Meyer所しょ主導しゅどう的てき短期たんき研究けんきゅう被ひ發表はっぴょう在ざい南みなみ非ひ醫學いがく期き刊かん(South African Medical Journal)上じょう[17]。內容提ひっさげ到いた純じゅん果はて食しょく者しゃ其體內的血ち脂あぶら與あずか葡萄糖ぶどうとう耐たい受度都みやこ有ゆう所しょ進步しんぽ[18]。根據こんきょ該研究けんきゅう中ちゅう更進こうしん一いち步ほ的てき試驗しけん，對たい於一些過重的試驗者在嘗試果食法之後，其理想りそう體重たいじゅう有ゆう下降かこう的てき趨勢すうせい。[19]

著名ちょめい的てき果はて食しょく主義しゅぎ者しゃ[编辑]

一些知名的果食主義鼓吹者，或ある其飲食いんしょく習慣しゅうかん被ひ認みとめ為ため是ぜ果はて食しょく主義しゅぎ者しゃ包括ほうかつ以下いか人物じんぶつ:

其他像ぞう是ぜRoss Horne[25]還かえ有ゆうViktoras Kulvinskas[26] 他た們似乎只以果食しょく為ため主ぬし。[27] 有ゆう些人像ぞう是ぜ Johnny Lovewisdom, 實驗じっけん性せい地ち嘗試不同ふどう飲食いんしょく方法ほうほう，包括ほうかつ純じゅん果肉かにく飲食いんしょく，[28]果はて飲いん主義しゅぎ(只ただ食用しょくよう果汁かじゅう),[29] 生なま機き飲食いんしょく主義しゅぎ(只ただ飲用いんよう水すい果はて、蔬菜そさい和わ生乳せいにゅう品ひん)[30] 以及食氣くいけ主義しゅぎ.[31]

歷史れきし人物じんぶつ[编辑]

相關そうかん條目じょうもく[编辑]

註釋ちゅうしゃく[编辑]

  1. ^ Tom Billings. Living and Raw Foods: Types of Raw Food Diets: A Brief Survey. Living and Raw Foods. [2017-04-09]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2021-01-26）. 
  2. ^ Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought, Rod Preece, UBC Press, 2008, "Since plants have life, it is necessary, if one is not to starve, to live from the fruit of the plant in such a manner that the host plant itself does not die."
  3. ^ Nutrition for the recreational athlete, Catherine G. Ratzin Jackson, page 95, “The fruitarian diet usually consists of consuming those parts of the plant that are cast off or dropped from the plant and that do not involve the destruction of the plant itself.”, 249 page, CRC Press, 1995, ISBN 0-8493-7914-8, ISBN 978-0-8493-7914-7
  4. ^ Handbook Of Pediatric Nutrition, Patricia Samour, “A fruitarian diet consists of only fruits. Any plant food that is botanically a fruit or can be obtained without killing or harming the plant is considered a fruit." Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2003, page 143.
  5. ^ The Vegetarian Society UK—Information Sheet—Definitions. Vegsoc.org. 2014-07-22 [2014-08-09]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于1999-11-28）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 'The Fruit Hunters, Adam Leith Gollne, "Some factions eat only fallen fruit. Others refuse to eat any seeds because they contain future plants."
  7. ^ Raw Food Explained. Human Dietetic Character, I—Are We Grain Eaters?. Rawfoodexplained.com. [2014-08-09]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2021-01-22）. 
  8. ^ The Ascensional Science of Spiritualizing Fruitarian Dietetics, Dr Johnny Lovewisdom, Ecuador: International University of the Natural Vitalogical Sciences, 1999, Introduction: "Nature is betrayed when man ingests the seeds of plants, depriving them of their means of propagating their own species"; chapter: Sugar & Starch-Friends Or Foes? "grains, nuts and other seeds are wrong as food sources"
  9. ^ To Those Considering A Fruitarian Diet. Beyondveg.com. [2014-08-09]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2021-01-26）. 
  10. ^ "Ascensional Science teaches the damaging effects of chlorophyll leafage, earthly roots and lower passion producing seeds. We are healed by levitational forces in fruit sugars and acids." Introduction to Ascensional Science of Spiritualizing Fruitarian Dietetics, Johnny Lovewisdom, International University of the Natural Vitalogical Sciences, 1999
  11. ^ Living and Raw Foods: Alternative Eating Plans - USA TODAY. Living-foods.com. [2014-08-09]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2021-02-07）. 
  12. ^ Food, nutrition, and diet therapy: a textbook of nutritional care, Marie V. Krause, "The fruitarian diet consists of only raw or dried fruits, nuts, honey and olive oil." page 343, Saunders, 1984, Original from the University of Michigan, Digitized Aug 19, 2008, ISBN 0-7216-5514-9, ISBN 978-0-7216-5514-7
  13. ^ Handbook of Sunfood Living: Resource Guide for Global Health, John McCabe, North Atlantic Books, 2008, "other fruitarians also consumer cucumbers, olives, tomatoes, peppers, squash, beans, melon, avocadoes, berries, grapes, figs, dates, carob, chocolate, goji berries, nuts and even coconuts."
  14. ^ Berry, Rynn. Satya June/July 03: Raw History. [2017-04-09]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2016-10-20）. 
  15. ^ "ahim-sa" - "the Hindu and Buddhist doctrine of refraining from harming any living being", Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ahinsa
  16. ^ Rensberger, Boyce. Teeth Show Fruit Was The Staple; No Exceptions Found. The New York Times. May 15, 1979: C1 [2009-11-01]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2016-07-01）. 需付费查阅
  17. ^ "The South African Medical Journal is published by the South African Medical Association, which represents most medical professionals in South Africa.", African Journals Online, http://ajol.info/index.php/samj （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）
  18. ^ B. J. Meyer; E. J. P. de Bruin; D. G. du Plessis; M. van der Merwe; A. C. Meyer. Some biochemical effects on a mainly fruit diet in man (PDF). South African Medical Journal. 1971-03-06, 45 (10): 253–61 [2009-11-11]. PMID 5573330. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档 (PDF)于2020-10-19）. "The effect of a nut-supplemented fruit diet on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, plasma proteins and plasma lipids was investigated. The results suggest that, at least for the period covered by the experiment and under the prevailing conditions, the diet was adequate with respect to the parameters investigated, and may even have something to commend it."
  19. ^ Meyer BJ et al. "Some physiological effects of a mainly fruit diet in man". South African Medical Journal, February 20, 1971; vol. 45, pp. 191-5. "An interesting aspect of the diet was the tendency for the weights to level off more or less at the 'theoretically ideal' weight for the subject."
  20. ^ "Failure of a Womanless Eden in the Pacific - Strange Story from the South Seas" （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）, The New York Times, October 15, 1905, "For days he lived alone, eating nothing but bread fruit and cocoanuts," "Of the food of choice, he lacked none.", "Weeks of life under the sun in the salt sea, and living upon fruit, had brought him to a state of wonderful physical perfection.", "For nearly two years more he continued to live the 'pure, natural life' but the charm had been completely broken by the death of his two disciples.", "in 1903, came a drought which reduced the fruit crop. The little left of it was wiped out in the Spring of 1904 by a storm. Engelhardt had the alternative of casting in his lot with the natives and eating on hogflesh, or sending a request for succor to Ulu or Herbertshohe. He did neither in his stubbornness, and starvation and thirst did their work."
  21. ^ Arnold Ehret, Mucusless Diet Healing System Mucusless Diet Healing System, ISBN 1-884772-00-5, 75th Anniversary edition, "The next winter I went to Algiers, in northern Africa. The mild climate and the wonderful fruits improved my condition and gave me more faith in Nature's methods and an understanding of them, and I gained courage to try short fasts to assist the cleansing properties of fruit and climate, with such results that one morning of a well feeling day I chanced to notice in my mirror that my face had taken on an entirely new look", p. 15, "Arriving home again.... I gradually took up the ordinary diet.", p. 15, "My experience, tests, and experiments as well as cures, all showed that grape sugar of fruits was the essential material of human food, giving the highest efficiency and endurance, and at the same time was the best eliminator of debris and the most efficient healing agent known for the human body", p. 16, "To test our efficiency at exhaustive labor, we took a trip through northern Italy, walking for 56 hours continuously without sleep or rest or food, only drink. This after a seven-day fast and then only one meal of two pounds of cherries.", p. 17
  22. ^ Raymond W. Bernard, Organic Way To Health Vol. 1-4, Health Research Books, 1996, p. 2, "I have tried non-vegetarian diets, vegetarian diets, raw food diets, fruitarian diets, and many other kinds of diets."
  23. ^ Ron Lagerquist, North American Diet, International Bible Society (1984). "Essie Honiball lived exclusively on fruit and a small amounts of nuts."
  24. ^ Essie Honiball, I Live On Fruit. Macro Books, Pretoria 1981. First edition. p. 9, Chapter 1: "One does not easily cast aside established habits almost overnight.... This is precisely what I did in 1958 when I, after a three day water fast, started living on fresh fruit and nuts. That was twenty years ago.", p. 17, Chapter 1: "Today I still live virtually exclusively on fruit.", p. 18, Chapter 2: "The Diet on which I have lived since 1958 is so simple that it appears almost laughable in a line of complicated diets —I live on fresh fruit and nuts.", p. 19, Chapter 2: "I can live on fruit alone, but not on vegetables."
  25. ^ Horne, Ross (1997) Chapter "Dieting for Health and Longevity", section "The Natural Diet Of Man", in Health and Survival in the 21st Century Harper Collins. Quote: "The study of comparative anatomy and the different natural diets of animals in the wild indicates strongly that the natural diet of early humans consisted predominantly of sweet fruits, and that even though millions of years have passed, the anatomy and digestive apparatus of humans has not changed and is therefore still best suited to fruit as the most suitable food."
  26. ^ Kulvinskas, Viktoras P. (1981) Life in the 21st Century. Twenty First Century Publications. ISBN 978-0-933278-00-4.
  27. ^ Kulvinskas, Viktoras P. (2002) Survival into the 21st Century Arizona: Ihopea Incorporated.
  28. ^ Lovewisdom, Joynny (1999) The Ascensional Science of Spiritualizing Fruitarian Dietetics San Francisco: Paradisian Publications. Quote: "In two years, I was living exclusively on juicy fruits, condemning the use of nuts in the fruit diet which other fruitarians before me had used with adverse results due to the lack of the life-giving living water in nuts, making them the 'Tempters of Satan'" in section 'My Calling To The Carpophagous Conception'"
  29. ^ Lovewisdom, Johnny (1980)Modern Live Juice Fasting Connecticut: O'mangod Press. Chapter 1. Quote: "I found the living blood of fruits and many vegetables a much purer life-giving, naturally prepared directly assimilable blood transfusion than can be expected from tired, worn-out, diseased blood of ordinary civilized humans."; chapter 3 "in 1953-54, I realized the true 6 months 7 day water fast with the purest distilled water usually tinctured with tomato juice"
  30. ^ Lovewisdon, Johnny (1950) Spiritualizing Dietetics: Vitarianism, Loja, Ecuador: International University Of The Natural Vitalogical Sciences. p.82 Quote: "(Vitarianism) advocates live or Vita-foods"
  31. ^ Puented, Miguel A. (June 7, 1949) A Message Of Peace By One Who Lives In A Volcano!, Mundial, Montevideo, Uruguay. Section "His Life In Practice" Quote: "He went on fasts, one of which he recently reached 40 days without taking anything but water with a few drops of lime juice."
  32. ^ Goline, Adam Leith (2013) The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce and Obsession New York: Scribner ISBN 9781476704999. Quote: "Idi Amin, the tyrannical Ugandan dictator, lived his final years in Saudi Arabia as a fruitarian (his affinity for oranges earned him the nickname "Dr. Jaffa")."
  33. ^ Gandhi, Mohandas K., Desai, Valji Govindji (trans.)"Tolstoy Farm III" （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） in Satyagraha in South Africa ~ XXXV. Quote: "[D]uring five years of a purely fruitarian life I never felt weak, nor did I suffer from any disease".
  34. ^ Autobiography: the story of my experiments with truth, Social Sciences Series, Mohandas Gandhi, Gandhi (Mahatma), Mahadev Haribhai Desai, Dover, 1983, p. 318. "Dr. Jivraj Mehta treated me. He pressed me hard to resume milk and cereals, but I was obdurate."
  35. ^ Gokhale's Charity, My Experiments with Truth, M. K. Gandhi.
  36. ^ Berlet, Chip, Vysotsky, Stanislavstated. "Overview of U.S. White Supremacist Groups" （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）, Journal of Political and Military Sociology, Summer 2006.
  37. ^ Salubrious Living (Creativity Book Publishers, 1982, and World Church of Creativity, 2003), chapter 'The Fruitarian Diet': "The fruitarian diet is composed of the products of the plant kingdom which are delicious and appealing to our taste in their natural uncooked condition. As fruits, vegetables and nuts are the foods which meet this qualification in an ideal manner they are the primary foods used by the fruitarian."
  38. ^ "Steve Jobs" by Walter Isaacson. "Finally Jobs proposed Apple Computer. 'I was on one of my fruitarian diets,' [Jobs] explained." p. 120. "She just wanted him to be healthy, and [Jobs] would be making weird pronouncements like, 'I'm a fruitarian and I will only eat leaves picked by virgins in the moonlight.'" p. 68.
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