蚊
动物 | |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | |
亚目: | |
总科: | |
Meigen, 1818 | |
亚科 | |
身體 構造
[编辑]跟
生活
[编辑]生活 史
[编辑]攝食
[编辑]演 化
[编辑]蚊 與 健康
[编辑]傳染 疾病 的 機 制
[编辑]瘧 蚊 與 瘧 疾
[编辑]其他疾病
[编辑]叮咬與免疫 反應
[编辑]分類
[编辑]- Abraedes Zavortink, 1970
- Acalleomyia Leicester, 1908
- Acallyntrum Stone, 1948
- Acartomyia Theobald, 1903
- Aedeomyia Theobald, 1901
斑 蚊 屬 Aedes Meigen, 1818,伊 蚊 - Aedimorphus Theobald, 1903
- Aedinus Lutz, 1905
- Aetheapnomyia Harbuch & Greenwalt, 2012
- Afroculex Danilov, 1989
- Afrorhynchus Ribeiro, 1991
- Aioretomyia Leicester, 1908
- Alanstonea Mattingly, 1960
- Albuginosus Reinert, 1987
- Aldrichinella Theobald, 1910
- Allimanta Casal & Garcia, 1968
- Andersonia Strickland, 1911
- Aniella Enderlein, 1923
- Anisocheleomyia Theobald, 1905
- Ankylorhynchus Lutz, 1904
- 疟蚊
属 Anopheles Meigen, 1818,(按蚊) - Apicomyia Shannon, 1922
- Aporoculex Theobald, 1907
- Archaeoculicus
叢 蚊 屬 - Armigeres Theobald, 1901,
阿 蚊 - Arribalzagia Theobald, 1903
- Arthuromyia Ayroza Galvão, 1941
- Asioculicus Hong, 1976
- Austromansonia Belkin, 1968
- Austrotheobaldia Dobrotworsky, 1954
- Ayurakitia Thurman, 1954
- Aztecaedes Zavortink, 1972
- Bancroftia Lutz, 1904
- Banksinella Theobald, 1907
- Barraudius Edwards, 1921
- Barraudius Linnaeus, 1758
- Bathosomyia Theobald, 1909
- Belkinius Reinert, 1982
- Belkinomyia Adames & Galindo, 1973
- Bifidistylus Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2009
- Binotia Blanchard, 1904
- Bironella Theobald, 1905
- Bolbodeomyia Theobald, 1910
- Borichinda Rattanarithikul & Harbach, 2007
- Bothaella Reinert, 1973
- Boycia Newstead, 1907
- Brachiosoma Theobald, 1901
- Brevirhynchus Theobald, 1908
- Burmaculex Borkent & Grimaldi, 2004
- Cacomyia Coquillett, 1906
- Caenocephalus Taylor, 1914
- Caenomyiella Harbach & Peyton, 1990
- Calladimyia Dyar, 1919
- Carrollia Lutz, 1905
- Catageiomyia Theobald, 1904
- Catatassomyia Dyar & Shannon, 1925
- Cellia Theobald, 1902
- Chaetocruiomyia Theobald, 1910
- Chaetomyia Leicester, 1908
- Chagasia Cruz, 1906
- Chilomyia Shannon, 1922
- Christya Theobald, 1903
- Chrysoconops Goeldi, 1905
- Cleobonnea Dyar, 1919
- Collessius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006
- Colonemyia Leicester, 1908
- Conchyliastes Howard, 1901
- Conopomyia Leicester, 1908
- Conopostegus Dyar, 1925
- 苛蚊
屬 Coquillettidia Dyar, 1905(軻蚊) - Coquillettidia Edwards, 1923
家 蚊 屬 Culex Linnaeus, 1758(庫 蚊 )- Culicada Felt, 1904
- Culicella Felt, 1904
- Culicelsa Felt, 1904
- Culiselsa Felt, 1904
- 絨蚊
屬 Culiseta Felt, 1904(脈 毛 蚊 ) - Cyathomyia Meijere, 1910
- Cycloleppteron Theobald, 1901
- Dahliana Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2007
- Danielsia Theobald, 1904
- Dasymyia Leicester, 1908
- Decamyia Dyar, 1919
- Deinocerites Theobald, 1901
- Desvoidya Blanchard, 1901
- Diceromyia Felt, 1918
- Diceromyia Theobald, 1911
- Dinanamesus Dyar & Knab, 1909
- Dinomimetes Knab, 1907
- Diphalangarpe Dyar, 1919
- Dixapuella Dyar & Shannon, 1924
- Dixomyia Taylor, 1914
- Dobrotworskyius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006
- Downsiomyia Vargas, 1950
- Dunnius Edwards, 1930
- Duttonia Newstead, 1907
- Dyarina Bonne-Wepster & Bonne, 1921
- Ecculex Felt, 1904
- Ekrinomyia Leicester, 1908
- Elpeytonius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2009
- Eoaedes Harbuch & Greenwalt, 2012
- Eretmapodites Theobald, 1901
- Etorleptiomyia Theobald, 1904
- Eubonnea Dyar, 1919
- Eumelanomyia Theobald, 1909
- Exallomyia Harbach & Peyton, 1991
- Feltidia Dyar, 1905
- Feltinella Theobald, 1907
費 蚊 屬 Ficalbia Theobald, 1903- Finlaya Theobald, 1903
- Fredwardsius Reinert, 2000
- Galindomyia Stone & Barreto, 1969
- Geitonomyia Leicester, 1908
- Georgecraigius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006
- Gilesia Theobald, 1903
- Gilesius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006
- Gnophodeomyia Theobald, 1905
- Grabhamia Theobald, 1903
- Grassia Theobald, 1902
- Gualteria Lutz, 1904
- Gymnometopa Coquillett, 1905
- Haemagogus Williston, 1896
- Halaedes Belkin, 1962
- Harbachius Reinert, 1999
- Heizmannia Ludlow, 1905
- Heliconiamyia Dyar, 1919
- Heptaphlebomyia Theobald, 1903
- Heteronycha Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891
- Himalaius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006
- Hispidimyia Theobald, 1910
- 霍蚊
屬 Hodgesia Theobald, 1904 - Hopkinsius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2008
- Howardia Theobald, 1902
- Howardina Theobald, 1903
- Huaedes Huang, 1968
- Hulecoeteomyia Theobald, 1904
- Hyloconops Lutz, 1904
- Hystatomyia Dyar, 1919
- Indusius Barraud, 1934
- Insulalutzia Tanaka, 2003
- Isoaedes Reinert, 1979
- Isostomyia Coquillett, 1906
- Janthinosoma Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891
- Jarnellius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006
- Jihlienius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006
- Joblotia Blanchard, 1901
- Johnbelkinia Zavortink, 1979
- Kenknightia Reinert, 1990
- Kerteszia Theobald, 1905
- Kimia Vu Duc Huong & Harbach, 2007
- Kingia Theobald, 1910
- Kitzmilleria Danilov, 1989
- Kompia Aitken, 1941
- Kummyia Vargas, 1950
- Lasioconops Theobald, 1903
- Leicesteria Theobald, 1904
- Leicesteriomyia Brunetti, 1912
- Leipidotomyia
- Lemmamyia Dyar, 1919
- Lepiothauma Enderlein, 1923
- Leptosomatomyia Theobald, 1905
- Leslieomyia Christophers, 1911
- Lesticocampa Dyar & Knab, 1906
- Levua Stone & Bohart, 1944
- Libanoculex
- Libanoculex intermedius Azar, Nel, Huang & Engel, 2023[17]
- Limatus Theobald, 1901
- Lophoceraomyia Theobald, 1905
- Lophoscelomyia Theobald, 1904
- Lorrainea Belkin, 1962
- Ludlowia Theobald, 1907
- Luius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2008
- Lutzia Theobald, 1903
- Luzonus Stone & Bohart, 1944
- Lynchiella Lahille, 1904
- Macleaya Theobald, 1903
- Maillotia Theobald, 1907
芋 蚊 屬 Malaya Leicester, 1908(鉤 蚊 )- Manguinhosia Cruz, 1908
沼 蚊 屬 Mansonia Blanchard, 1902(曼蚊)- Mansonioides Theobald, 1907
- Maorigoeldia Edwards, 1930
- Mattinglyia Lien, 1968
- Megaculex Theobald, 1907
- Melanoconion Theobald, 1903
- Menolepis Lutz, 1908
- Metalutzia Tanaka, 2003
- Miamyia Dyar, 1919
- Micraedes Coquillett, 1905
- Microculex Theobald, 1907
- Mimeteculex Theobald, 1908
- Mimeteomyia Theobald, 1910
- Mimetomyia
- Mimomyia Theobald, 1903
- Missirolimyia Vargas, 1950
- Mochlostyrax Dyar & Knab, 1906
- Molpemyia Theobald, 1910
- Mucidus Theobald, 1901
- Myxosquamus Theobald, 1909
- Myzomyia Blanchard, 1902
- Myzorhynchella Theobald, 1907
- Myzorhynchus Blanchard, 1902
- Neobironella Tenorio, 1977
- Neocellia Theobald, 1907
- Neochaoborus Edwards, 1930
- Neoculex Dyar, 1905
- Neoculicites Evenhuis, 1994
- Neomacleaya Theobald, 1907
- Neomelanoconion Theobald, 1907
- Neomyzomyia Theobald, 1910
- Neopecomyia Theobald, 1909
- Neosquamomyia Taylor, 1914
- Neotheobaldia Dobrotworsky, 1958
- Nicaromyia Broche & Rodriguez, 2001
- Nothoskusea Dumbleton, 1962
- Nyctomyia
- Nyssorhynchus Blanchard, 1902
- Nyssorrhynchus
- Ochlerotatus Lynch-Arribalzaga, 1891
- Oculeomyia Theobald, 1907
- Onirion Peyton & Harbach, 2000
- Opifex Hutton, 1902
直 蚊 屬 Orthopodomyia Theobald, 1904(直 腳蚊)- Paleoculicis Poinar, Zavortink, Pike & Johnston, 2000
- Paraedes Edwards, 1934
- Pardomyia Theobald, 1907
- Patmarksia Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006
- Pecomyia Theobald, 1905
- Pectinopalpus Theobald, 1909
- Pentemyia Dyar, 1919
- Petermattinglyius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2009
- Phagomyia Edwards, 1905
- Phagomyia Theobald, 1905
- Phalangomyia Dyar & Knab, 1914
- Phenacomyia Harbach & Peyton, 1992
- Philodendromyia Theobald, 1907
- Phoniomyia Theobald, 1903
- Pneumaculex Dyar, 1905
- Polylepidomyia Theobald, 1905
- Polyleptiomyia Theobald, 1905
- Popea Ludlow, 1905
- Priscoculex Poinar et al., 2019
- Prosopolepis Lutz, 1905
- Protoculex Felt, 1904
- Protomacleaya Theobald, 1907
- Protomelanoconion Theobald, 1909
- Pseudarmigeres Stone & Knight, 1956
- Pseudocarrollia Theobald, 1910
- Pseudoculex Dyar, 1905
- Pseudoficalbia Theobald, 1912
- Pseudograbhamia Theobald, 1905
- Pseudograhamia Theobald, 1910
- Pseudoheptaphlebomyia Ventrillon, 1905
- Pseudohowardina Theobald, 1907
- Pseudoskusea Theobald, 1907
- Pseudotaeniorhynchus Theobald, 1911
- Pseudotheobaldia Theobald, 1907
- Pseudouranotaenia Theobald, 1905
鱗 蚊 屬 Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827- Pyretophorus Blanchard, 1902
- Quasistegomyia Theobald, 1906
- Rachionotomyia Theobald, 1905
- Rachisoura Theobald, 1910
- Radioculex Theobald, 1908
- Rampamyia Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006
- Ravenalites Doucet, 1950
- Reedomyia Ludlow, 1905
- Rossia Theobald, 1902
- Runchomyia Theobald, 1903
- Russellia Vargas, 1943
- Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827
- Sabethinus Lutz, 1904
- Sabethoides Theobald, 1903
- Scutomyia Theobald, 1904
- Shannonesia Fonseca & Silva Ramos, 1940
- Shannoniana Lane & Cerqueira, 1942
- Shannoniella Fonseca & Silva Ramos, 1940
- Simondella Simond & Laveran, 1902
- Sinoaedes Gong & Lu, 1991
- Skeiromyia Leicester, 1908
- Skusea Theobald, 1903
- Squamomyia Theobald, 1910
- Stegoconops Lutz, 1905
- Stegomyia Theobald, 1901
- Stenoscutus Theobald, 1909
- Stethomyia Theobald, 1902
- Suaymyia Thurman, 1959
- Taeniorhynchus Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891
- Tanakaius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2004
- Teromyia Leicester, 1908
- Tewarius Reinert, 2006
- Thaiomyia Bram, 1966
- Theobaldinella Blanchard, 1905
- Thomasina Newstead & Carter, 1911
- Tinolestes Coquillett, 1905
土 蚊 屬 Topomyia Leicester, 1908(局限 蚊 )巨 蚊 屬 Toxorhynchites Theobald, 1901- Triamyia Dyar, 1919
- Tricholeptomyia Dyar & Shannon, 1925
- Trichopronomyia Theobald, 1905
- Trichoprosopon Theobald, 1901
- Trichorhynchomyia Brunetti, 1912
- Trichorhynchus Theobald, 1905
翠 蚊 屬 Tripteroides Giles, 1904(杵 蚊 )尤 蚊 屬 Udaya Thurman, 1954小 蚊 屬 Uranotaenia Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891(藍 帶 蚊 )- Vansomerenis Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006
- Verrallina Theobald, 1903
- Worcesteria Banks, 1906
- Wyeomyia Theobald, 1901
- Zavortinkius Reinert, 1999
- Zeugnomyia Leicester, 1908
- Zinzala Zavortink, 1986
灭蚊
[编辑]- 设法
降 低 室内 空 气湿度 ,尽 量 控 制 室 内相 对湿度 在 50%左右 最 为理想 [18]。 用 空 酒 瓶 装 上 糖 水 或 啤酒放 在 阴暗处,蚊 子 闻到甜酒味 就会往瓶子 里 钻,会 被 糖 水 或 啤酒粘 住 致死 。[19][來 源 可 靠 ?]- 让蚊
子 绝育。中国 科学 家 向 登 革 热疫情 严重的 广州沙 仔 岛和 大刀 沙 释放了 2 亿失去 生育 能力 的 雄 性 亚洲虎 蚊 ,幾 乎消灭了岛屿上 的 蚊 群 。研究 报告发表在 《自然 》期 刊 上 。透過 短 暂的暴露 蚊 子 在 伽 玛射线下 ,这些蚊 子 感染 三 种不同 的 沃尔巴 克 氏 体 细菌而失去 了 繁殖 能力 。两年的 实验之 后 野生 蚊 群 幾 乎消失 。岛民被 蚊 子 叮咬的 记录下降 了 96%。[20]
相 册
[编辑]-
正 在 吸血 的 蚊 子 。 -
绒蚊
的 细节。
参考 文献
[编辑]- ^ Borkent, A.; Grimaldi, D. A. The earliest fossil mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae), in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2004, 97 (5): 882–888. ISSN 0013-8746. doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0882:TEFMDC]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Mosquitoes of Michigan -Their Biology and Control. Michigan Mosquito Control Organization. 2013 [2013-07-27]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2013-03-30). - ^ Gates, Bill. The Deadliest Animal in the World. [2018-05-04]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-05-12). - ^ Would it be wrong to eradicate mosquitoes? – BBC News. BBC News. [2016-02-01]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-05-01) (英国 英 语). - ^
蚊 子 过冬有 “绝招”零 度 以上 能 活 三 到 五 个月.江 苏广电融媒体 新 闻中心 . 2016-11-24 [2017-11-11]. (原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-12). - ^ Soghigian, John; Sither, Charles; Justi, Silvia Andrade; Morinaga, Gen; Cassel, Brian K.; Vitek, Christopher J.; Livdahl, Todd; Xia, Siyang; Gloria-Soria, Andrea; Powell, Jeffrey R.; Zavortink, Thomas; Hardy, Christopher M.; Burkett-Cadena, Nathan D.; Reeves, Lawrence E.; Wilkerson, Richard C.; Dunn, Robert R.; Yeates, David K.; Sallum, Maria Anice; Byrd, Brian D.; Trautwein, Michelle D.; Linton, Yvonne-Marie; Reiskind, Michael H.; Wiegmann, Brian M. Phylogenomics reveals the history of host use in mosquitoes. Nature Communications. 2023-10-06, 14 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41764-y.
- ^ Azar, D; Nel, A; Huang, D; Engel, MS. The earliest fossil mosquito.. Current biology : CB. 2023-12-04, 33 (23): 5240–5246.e2. PMID 38052162. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.047.
- ^ Onen, H; Luzala, MM; Kigozi, S; Sikumbili, RM; Muanga, CK; Zola, EN; Wendji, SN; Buya, AB; Balciunaitiene, A; Viškelis, J; Kaddumukasa, MA; Memvanga, PB. Mosquito-Borne Diseases and Their Control Strategies: An Overview Focused on Green Synthesized Plant-Based Metallic Nanoparticles.. Insects. 2023-02-23, 14 (3). PMID 36975906. doi:10.3390/insects14030221.
- ^ Taubes G. A mosquito bites back. The New York Times Magazine. 1977; 24 Aug:40-6
- ^
蚊 子 是 人 类的顶级掠 食 者 . www.solidot.org. [2019-08-26]. (原始 内容 存 档于2019-08-26).蚊 子 每年 殺 死 了 70萬 人 。在 現代 人類 20多 萬 年 的 歷史 中 ,總 共有 1080 億人類在地球上生活過,其中近 半 是 被 蚊 子 殺 死 的 。 - ^ Lee, Hobart; Halverson, Sara; Ezinwa, Ngozi. Mosquito-Borne Diseases. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 2018-09, 45 (3): 393–407 [2024-09-10]. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2018.05.001.
- ^ Franklinos, LHV; Jones, KE; Redding, DW; Abubakar, I. The effect of global change on mosquito-borne disease.. The Lancet. Infectious diseases. 2019-09, 19 (9): e302–e312. PMID 31227327. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30161-6.
- ^
蚊 子 傳播 登 革 病毒 的 機 制 ,陳 維鈞,「科學 發展 」第 368期 ,2003年 8月 - ^ Shell ER. Resurgence of a deadly disease. The Atlantic Monthly. 1997;Aug: 45-60
- ^ Global Malaria Programme (GMP),WHO
- ^ Mullen, Gary Richard; Durden, Lance A. Medical and veterinary entomology 3rd. London: Academic press, an imprint of Elsevier. : 261–325. ISBN 978-0-12-814043-7. doi:10.1016/C2017-0-00210-0 (
英 语). - ^ Dany Azar, André Nel, Diying Huang and Michael S. Engel. 2023. The Earliest Fossil Mosquito. Current Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.047
- ^
如何 預 防 蚊 子 .中部 害蟲 管理 中心 (公司 ). 2013-04-12 [2013-07-27]. (原始 内容 存 档于2020-09-20). - ^
養生 常識 :天然 驅 蚊 法 !蚊 子 最 怕6種 味 道 .新 華 網 . 2013-07-05 [2013-07-27]. (原始 内容 存 档于2013-07-09). - ^
中国 科学 家 释放 2 亿不育 蚊 子 消 灭了两个岛屿的 蚊 群 .科技 行者 . [2019-07-19]. (原始 内容 存 档于2019-09-29).
参 见
[编辑]延伸 阅读
[编辑][
外部 链接
[编辑]蚊 子 ,你知道 多少 种? (页面存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆),果 壳网。蚊 子 這麼多 ,怎麼有效 的 預 防 ? (页面存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆),佛 系 案 內所。- 开放
目 录项目 中 的 “蚊 ” - Mosquito Pest Control Information - National Pesticide Information Center(页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - West Nile Virus Resource Guide - National Pesticide Information Center (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - Mosquitoes of Wisconsin (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - Biological Database for Anopheline Mosquitoes
- Database for Disease Vectors(页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - Inland Floodwater mosquito Aedes vexans diagnostic photographs and taxonomy (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - Mosquitoes and mosquito repellents: a clinician’s guidePDF (151 KiB)