超 级地球
定義
[编辑]歷史 和 發現
[编辑]首 颗
[编辑]以
位 在 適 居 帶 的 第 一 颗
[编辑]2007
其他被 發 现的超 级地球
[编辑]2006年
[编辑]2006
2008年
[编辑]2008
2008
2009年
[编辑]2009
2009
2009
2010年
[编辑]2010
2010
2010
2011年
[编辑]2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2012年
[编辑]2012
2013年
[编辑]2013
2013
2013
2014年
[编辑]2014
2015年
[编辑]2015
2015
2015
2016年
[编辑]2016
2016
2018
[编辑]2019
[编辑]2021
[编辑]太陽系
[编辑]特性
[编辑]密度 與 組成 成分
[编辑]鉴于
地質 活動
[编辑]進化
[编辑]溫度
[编辑]磁場
[编辑]適 居 性
[编辑]參 見
[编辑]參考 文獻
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Valencia, V.; Sasselov, D. D.; O'Connell, R. J. Radius and structure models of the first super-earth planet. The Astrophysical Journal. 2007, 656 (1): 545–551. Bibcode:2007ApJ...656..545V. arXiv:astro-ph/0610122 . doi:10.1086/509800 (
英 语). - ^ 2.0 2.1 Fortney, J. J.; Marley, M. S.; Barnes, J. W. Planetary Radii across Five Orders of Magnitude in Mass and Stellar Insolation: Application to Transits. The Astrophysical Journal. 2007, 659 (2): 1661–1672. Bibcode:2007ApJ...659.1661F. arXiv:astro-ph/0612671 . doi:10.1086/512120 (
英 语). - ^ 3.0 3.1 Charbonneau, D.; et al. A super-Earth transiting a nearby low-mass star. Nature. 2009, 462 (7275): 891–894. Bibcode:2009Natur.462..891C. PMID 20016595. arXiv:0912.3229 . doi:10.1038/nature08679 (
英 语). - ^ Spotts, P. N. Canada's orbiting telescope tracks mystery 'super Earth'. The Hamilton Spectator. 2007-04-28 [2012-04-28]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-11-07) (英 语). - ^ Life could survive longer on a super-Earth. New Scientist. 2007-11-11, (2629) [2014-12-26]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-05-11) (英 语). - ^ A team of ICE/IEEC astronomers announces the discovery of a possible terrestrial-type exoplanet orbiting a star in the constellation of Leo. Institut de Ciències de l'Espai. 2008-04-10 [2012-04-28]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2012-03-01) (英 语). - ^ 7.0 7.1 Seager, S.; Kuchner, M.; Hier-Majumder, C. A.; Militzer, B. Mass–radius relationships for solid exoplanets. The Astrophysical Journal. 2007, 669 (2): 1279–1297. Bibcode:2007ApJ...669.1279S. arXiv:0707.2895 . doi:10.1086/521346 (
英 语). - ^ Astronomers find a new type of planet: The 'mega-Earth'. EurekAlert. 2014-06-02 [2012-04-28]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-02) (英 语). - ^ Sasselov, Dimitar. EXOPLANETS: FROM EXHILARATING TO EXASPERATING. Kepler-10c: The "Mega-Earth". ustream. 2014-06-02. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-11-06) (英 语). - ^ Mayor, M.; Pepe, F.; Lovis, C.; Oueloz, D.; Udry, S. The quest for very low-mass planets. Livio, M.; Sahu, K.; Valenti, J. (编). A Decade of Extrasolar Planets around Normal Stars. Cambridge University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0521897846 (
英 语). - ^ Pulsar Planets. Penn State Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics. [2012-04-28]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2005-12-30) (英 语). - ^ Wolszczan, A., Frail, D. A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12. Nature. 1992, 355 (6356): 145–147. Bibcode:1992Natur.355..145W. doi:10.1038/355145a0 (
英 语). - ^ Rivera, E.; et al. A ~7.5 Earth mass Planet Orbiting the Nearby Star, GJ 876. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005, 634 (1): 625–640 [2014-12-20]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...634..625R. arXiv:astro-ph/0510508 . doi:10.1086/491669. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-05-29) (英 语). - ^ Udry, S.; et al. The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XI. Super-Earths (5 and 8 Earth mass) in a 3-planet system. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2007, 469 (3): L43–L47 [2014-12-20]. Bibcode:2007A&A...469L..43U. arXiv:0704.3841 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077612. (
原始 内容 存 档于2013-06-01) (英 语). - ^ Bennett, D. P.; et al. Discovery of a Low-mass Planet Orbiting a Low-mass Star in Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-192. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 2008, 40: 529. Bibcode:2008AAS...212.1012B (
英 语). - ^ Bennett, D. P.; et al. A Low‐Mass Planet with a Possible Sub‐Stellar‐Mass Host in Microlensing Event MOA‐2007‐BLG‐192. The Astrophysical Journal. 2008, 684: 663. Bibcode:2008ApJ...684..663B. arXiv:0806.0025 . doi:10.1086/589940 (
英 语). - ^ Trio of 'super-Earths' discovered. BBC News. 2008-06-16 [2010-05-24]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-08-02) (英 语). - ^ AFP: Astronomers discover clutch of 'super-Earths'. Agence France-Presse. 2008-06-16 [2012-04-28]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-06-19) (英 语). - ^ Queloz, D.; et al. The CoRoT-7 planetary system: two orbiting Super-Earths (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2009, 506 (1): 303 [2014-12-25]. Bibcode:2009A&A...506..303Q. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913096. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2012-01-12) (英 语). - ^ Howard, A. W.; et al. The NASA-UC Eta-Earth Program: I. A Super-Earth Orbiting HD 7924. The Astrophysical Journal. 2009, 696: 75. Bibcode:2009ApJ...696...75H. arXiv:0901.4394 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/696/1/75 (
英 语). - ^ Lightest exoplanet yet discovered. The European Southern Observatory. 2009-04-21 [2009-07-15]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-29) (英 语). - ^ Barnes, R.; Jackson, B.; Greenberg, R.; Raymond, S. N. Tidal Limits to Planetary Habitability. Astrophysical Journal. 2009, 700: L30. Bibcode:2009ApJ...700L..30B. arXiv:0906.1785 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/700/1/L30 (
英 语). - ^ Sutter, J. D. Scientists spot nearby 'super-Earth'. CNN. 2009-12-16 [2010-05-24]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-09-06) (英 语). - ^ Rogers, L.; Seager, S. Three Possible Origins for the Gas Layer on GJ 1214b. The Astrophysical Journal. 2010, 716 (2): 1208. Bibcode:2010ApJ...716.1208R. arXiv:0912.3243 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/716/2/1208 (
英 语). - ^ 32 planets discovered outside solar system. CNN. 2009-10-19 [2010-05-24]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-05-04) (英 语). - ^ Second Smallest Exoplanet Found To Date At Keck. W. M. Keck Observatory. 2010-01-07 [2010-01-07]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-07-09) (英 语). - ^ Richest Planetary System Discovered. European Southern Observatory. 2010-08-24 [2010-08-24]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-05-02) (英 语). - ^ Lovis, C.; et al. The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXVII. Up to seven planets orbiting HD 10180: probing the architecture of low-mass planetary systems (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2010, 528 (A&A) [2014-12-25]. arXiv:1011.4994 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015577. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2019-06-12) (英 语). - ^ Overbye, D. New Planet May Be Able to Nurture Organisms. The New York Times. 2010-09-29 [2010-10-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-10) (英 语). - ^ Newly Discovered Planet May Be First Truly Habitable Exoplanet (
新 闻稿). National Science Foundation. 2010-09-29 [2010-10-02]. (原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-29) (英 语). - ^ Vogt, S. S.; et al. The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M⊕ Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581 (PDF). Astrophysical Journal. 2010, 723: 954. Bibcode:2010ApJ...723..954V. arXiv:1009.5733 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/954. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2018-10-12) (英 语). - ^ Forveille, T.; Bonfils, X.; Delfosse, X.; Alonso, R.; Udry, S.; Bouchy, F.; Gillon, M.; Lovis, C.; Neves, V.; Mayor, M.; Pepe, F.; Queloz, D.; PSantos, N. C.; Segransan, D.; Almenara, J. M.; Deeg, H.J.; Rabus., M. The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXII. Only 4 planets in the Gl~581 system (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2011-09-12. arXiv:1109.2505v1 [astro-ph.EP]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2019-09-15) (英 语)...Our dataset therefore has strong diagnostic power for planets with the parameters of Gl 581f and Gl 581g, and we conclude that the Gl 581 system is unlikely to contain planets with those characteristics...
- ^ Bonfils; Delfosse; Udry; Forveille; Mayor; Perrier; Bouchy; Gillon; Lovis. The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXI. The M-dwarf sample. 2011. arXiv:1111.5019 [astro-ph.EP] (
英 语). - ^ Star: Gl 581. Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. [2012-04-28]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2007-04-28) (英 语). - ^ 35.0 35.1 Borucki, W. J.; Koch, David G.; Basri, Gibor; Batalha, Natalie; Brown, Timothy M.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Caldwell, Douglas; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen; Cochran, William D.; Devore, Edna; Dunham, Edward W.; Gautier, Thomas N.; Geary, John C.; Gilliland, Ronald; Gould, Alan; Howell, Steve B.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Latham, David W.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Rowe, Jason; Sasselov, Dimitar; Boss, Alan; Charbonneau, David; Ciardi, David; Doyle, Laurance; Dupree, Andrea K.; Ford, Eric B.; Fortney, Jonathan; et al. Characteristics of planetary candidates observed by Kepler, II: Analysis of the first four months of data. The Astrophysical Journal. 2011, 736: 19. Bibcode:2011ApJ...736...19B. arXiv:1102.0541 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19 (
英 语). - ^ Borucki, W. J.; for the Kepler Team. Characteristics of Kepler Planetary Candidates Based on the First Data Set: The Majority are Found to be Neptune-Size and Smaller. 2010. arXiv:1006.2799 [astro-ph.EP] (
英 语). - ^ Grant, A. Exclusive: "Most Earth-Like" Exoplanet Gets Major Demotion—It Isn’t Habitable. Discover. 2011-03-08 [2011-03-09]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2011-03-09) (英 语). - ^ Shostak, S. A Bucketful of Worlds. Huffington Post. 2011-02-03 [2011-02-03]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-09-15) (英 语). - ^ Borenstein, S. Cosmic census finds crowd of planets in our galaxy. Associated Press. 2011-02-19 [2011-02-19]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2011-09-27) (英 语). - ^ Pepe, F.; et al. The HARPS search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone: I – Very low-mass planets around HD20794, HD85512 and HD192310. 2011. arXiv:1108.3447 [astro-ph.EP] (
英 语). - ^
Kaltenegger, L.; Udry, S.; Pepe, F. A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?. 2011. arXiv:1108.3561 [astro-ph.EP] (
英 语). - ^ Star: HD 20781. Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. [2011-09-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2012-09-02) (英 语). - ^ Mayor, M.; et al. The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXIV. Occurrence, mass distribution and orbital properties of super-Earths and Neptune-mass planets. 2011. arXiv:1109.2497 [astro-ph] (
英 语). - ^ Notes for Planet Kepler-22 b. Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. [2011-12-06]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-17) (英 语). - ^ Kepler 22-b: Earth-like planet confirmed. BBC NEWS. 2011-12-05 [2011-12-06]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-09-10) (英 语). - ^ Kepler-22b, Super-Earth in the habitable zone of a Sun-like Star. Kepler – NASA.gov. 2011-12-05 [2011-12-06]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2018-09-08) (英 语). - ^ Govert Schilling. 'Super-Earth' Found in Habitable Zone. AAAS. 2011-09-12. (
原始 内容 存 档于2011-09-25) (英 语). - ^ 48.0 48.1 Staff. Oozing Super-Earth: Images of Alien Planet 55 Cancri e. Space.com. 2012-01-20 [2012-01-21]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-07-17) (英 语). - ^
天文学 家 发现系 外 “超 级地球 ” 质量为地球 8倍 .科学 网. 2011-05-04 [2011-05-04]. (原始 内容 存 档于2019-05-20). - ^ Winn, J.N; et al. A Super Earth Transiting a Naked-Eye Star. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2008, 737 (1). Bibcode:2011ApJ...737L..18W. arXiv:1104.5230 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/737/1/L18 (
英 语). - ^ First Earth-size Planets Discovered Beyond Our Solar System. NASA. 2011-12-20 [2011-12-21]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-05-04) (英 语). - ^ Presseinformation: Wissenschaftler entdecken möglicherweise bewohnbare Super-Erde - Göttinger Astrophysiker untersucht Planeten in 22 Lichtjahren Entfernung. University of Göttingen. 2012-02-02 [2012-02-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-09-15) (德 语). - ^ Staff. LHS 188 -- High proper-motion Star. Strasbourg Astronomical Data Center. 2012-09-20 [2012-09-20]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-09) (英 语). - ^ 54.0 54.1 Méndez, Abel. A Hot Potential Habitable Exoplanet around Gliese 163. University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo (Planetary Habitability Laboratory). 2012-08-29 [2012-09-20]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-04) (英 语). - ^ 55.0 55.1 Redd, Nola. Newfound Alien Planet a Top Contender to Host Life. Space.com. 2012-09-20 [2012-09-20]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-14) (英 语). - ^ Moskowitz, Clara. Most Earth-Like Alien Planet Possibly Found. Space.com. 2013-01-09 [2013-01-09]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-08-03) (英 语). - ^ Super-Earths: Two Earth-like planets that could host life discovered. Indian Express. 2013-04-20 [2013-04-20]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-02-22) (英 语). - ^ Three super-Earths discovered in habitable zone of same star ‘for the first time’. RT News. 2013-06-26 [2013-09-19]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-22) (英 语). - ^ Dumusque, Xavier; Bonomo, Aldo S.; Haywood, Raphaelle D.; Malavolta, Luca; Segransan, Damien; Buchhave, Lars A.; Cameron, Andrew Collier; Latham, David W.; Molinari, Emilio; Pepe, Francesco; Udry, Stephane; Charbonneau, David; Cosentino, Rosario; Dressing, Courtney D.; Figueira, Pedro; Fiorenzano, Aldo F. M.; Gettel, Sara; Harutyunyan, Avet; Horne, Keith; Lopez-Morales, Mercedes; Lovis, Christophe; Mayor, Michel; Micela, Giusi; Motalebi, Fatemeh; Nascimbeni, Valerio; Phillips, David F.; Piotto, Giampaolo; Pollacco, Don; Queloz, Didier; Rice, Ken; Sasselov, Dimitar; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew; Watson, Chris. The Kepler-10 planetary system revisited by HARPS-N: A hot rocky world and a solid Neptune-mass planet. The Astrophysical Journal. 2014, 789. arXiv:1405.7881 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/789/2/154 (
英 语). - ^ Sasselov, Dimitar. EXOPLANETS: FROM EXHILARATING TO EXASPERATING. Kepler-10c: The "Mega-Earth". 2014-06-02 [2014-06-02]. YouTube. (
原始 内容 存 档于2018-01-07) (英 语). - ^ Clavin, Whitney; Chou, Felicia; Johnson, Michele. NASA's Kepler Marks 1,000th Exoplanet Discovery, Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones. NASA. 2015-01-06 [2015-01-06]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-01-07) (英 语). - ^ Astronomers find star with three super-Earths. AFP. 2015-07-30 [2015-07-30]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-11) (英 语). - ^ PIA19832: Location of Nearest Rocky Exoplanet Known. NASA. 2015-07-30 [2015-07-30]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-07-04) (英 语). - ^ Chou, Felicia; Clavin, Whitney. NASA's Spitzer Confirms Closest Rocky Exoplanet. NASA. 2015-07-30 [2015-07-31]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-08-02) (英 语). - ^ Gary, Stuart. Potentially habitable super-Earth discovered orbiting star 14 light years from Earth. ABC Science. 2015-12-17. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-06-09) (英 语). - ^ Staff. First detection of super-earth atmosphere. Phys.org. 2016-02-16 [2016-02-17]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-08-17) (英 语). - ^ Chang, Kenneth. One Star Over, a Planet That Might Be Another Earth. New York Times. 2016-08-24 [2016-08-24]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-08-03) (英 语). - ^ Weiss, Lauren M.; Geoffrey W., Marcy. The mass-radius relation for 65 exoplanets smaller than 4 Earth radii. The Astrophysical Journal. 2014, 783 (1). arXiv:1312.0936 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/783/1/L6 (
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原始 内容 存 档于2019-08-21) (英 语). - ^ Li, Zeng; Sasselov, Dimitar. A Detailed Model Grid for Solid Planets from 0.1 through 100 Earth Masses. Chicago Journals (Astronomical Society of the Pacific). 2013, 125 (925): 227–239. arXiv:1301.0818 . doi:10.1086/669163 (
英 语). - ^ Grayzeck, E. Earth Fact Sheet. NASA. 2010-11-17 [2012-04-28]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-09-04) (英 语). - ^ Grayzeck, E. Venus Fact Sheet. NASA. 2010-11-17 [2009-12-23]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-08-03) (英 语). - ^ Choi, Charles Q. Super-Earths Get Magnetic 'Shield' from Liquid Metal. SPACE.com. 2012-11-22. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-08-03) (英 语).