ほしぎわ分子ぶんしれつひょう

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维基百科ひゃっか自由じゆうてき百科ひゃっかぜん
HH 46/47えいHH 46/47 てきべにがいこう插圖そうずちゅうてき圖像ずぞう),其中いく分子ぶんしてき振動しんどうたいよう顏色かおいろ標記ひょうき

ほしぎわ分子ぶんしれつひょうれつやめざいほしぎわ物質ぶっしつほしあまねつつみそうちゅうけんはかだしてき分子ぶんしなみあきら組成そせい原子げんしてきすうもくぶんぐみまい一種分子均附其化學かがくしきわかゆうはなれ型式けいしき也會いち併列

發現はつげん[编辑]

ほんれつひょうちゅうてき所有しょゆう分子ぶんし透過とうか分光ぶんこうがくけんはか出來できてき。這些分子ぶんしてきひかり特徵とくちょうよし不同ふどうのうきゅうあいだ組成そせい電子でんしてきおど遷,ある通過つうか旋轉せんてん振動しんどうこうさんせいてき多數たすうかいざいひかりてき無線むせん電波でんぱほろなみあるべに外線がいせん部分ぶぶん偵測出來でき[1]

ほしぎわ分子ぶんしよし非常ひじょうまれ疏的ほしぎわあるほしあまねくも內的塵埃じんあい和氣わきたいけい化學かがく反應はんのう形成けいせいてきだい部分ぶぶん時候じこう分子ぶんしあずか宇宙うちゅうしゃせん相互そうご作用さよう電離でんり發生はっせいせんちゅうたいせいでんてき質點しつてんかい以靜電力でんりょく吸引きゅういん鄰近的中てきちゅうせい粒子りゅうし反應はんのう也可以在中性ちゅうせいてき原子げんし分子ぶんしあいだ發生はっせいただし進行しんこうてき比較ひかく緩慢かんまん[2]塵埃じんあいざい使つかい分子ぶんしめん恆星こうせい發出はっしゅつてき紫外線しがいせん輻射ふくしゃてき電離でんりこうおうじょう具有ぐゆうせきかぎ作用さよう[3]

歷史れきし[编辑]

生命せいめいてき化學かがく反應はんのう可能かのう開始かいし距今やく138おくねんまえてきだい霹靂へきれき久之ひさゆき宇宙うちゅう進入しんにゅういちだんてききょ時期じき當時とうじ宇宙うちゅうてき年齡ねんれいやくただゆう1おくいたり1.7おくねん[4][5]

ざいほしぎわ物質ぶっしつちゅうけんはかいたてきだいいち分子ぶんしきのえ(CH),於1937ねんくびけんはか出來でき[6]これてき20世紀せいき70年代ねんだい早期そうきてきいち證據しょうこ顯示けんじ宇宙うちゅう塵埃じんあいよし數量すうりょう眾多てき複雜ふくざつ有機ゆうき分子ぶんしCOMs可能かのう聚合ぶつしょ組成そせいてき[7]天體てんたい物理ぶつりがくぜにとくひしげ·維克ひしげ瑪辛赫えいChandra Wickramasingheきのえ分子ぶんしため基礎きそ提出ていしゅつ聚合化合かごうぶつ存在そんざい於星ぎわ空間くうかんちゅうてき可能かのう[8];維克ひしげ瑪辛赫並あずかどるかみなりとく·霍伊なんじよりどころ2175 Åてき紫外線しがいせん消光しょうこう吸收きゅうしゅう分析ぶんせき鑑定かんていりょうそうたまき芳香ほうこうぞく化合かごう物的ぶってき存在そんざいしたがえ證明しょうめいりょうほしぎわ空間くうかんちゅう存在そんざいちょたまき芳香よしこ分子ぶんし[9]

2004ねん科學かがく在自あらじべに矩形くけい星雲せいうん發射はっしゃてき紫外線しがいせんちゅうけんはかりょうてきひかり特徵とくちょうえいSpectral signature,此等複雜ふくざつてき分子ぶんしぜんしたがえ在外ざいがいふとし空中くうちゅう發現はつげん[10]學界がっかいみとめため此一發現はつげんしょうじつりょうとうあずかべに矩形くけい星雲せいうんしょうどう類型るいけいてき星雲せいうん接近せっきん生命せいめいつきあたま星雲せいうんかく心中しんちゅうのてき碳和氫將いん對流たいりゅう作用さよう束縛そくばくざい恆星こうせいふうちゅうなみこうそと輻射ふくしゃてき假設かせつ[11]とうひや卻時,原子げんしかい彼此ひし結合けつごう最終さいしゅう形成けいせい含有がんゆうひゃく萬顆以上原子的大型分子。科學かがく們並推斷すいだんすんでしかたまき芳香よしこ烴是ざい星雲せいうんちゅう發現はつげんてき必然ひつぜん也是さんせい於星くもなか[10][11]

2010ねんとみ勒烯またたたえためともえかつだま」)ざい星雲せいうんちゅうけんはか出來でき[12]とみ勒烯與生命せいめい起源きげんゆうちょ一定いっていてき關係かんけい天文學てんもんがく萊蒂西にし·ひろし赫利あまLetizia Stanghellini表示ひょうじ:「らいそとふとしそらてきともえかつだまゆう可能かのうため地球ちきゅうじょうてき生命せいめい發展はってん提供ていきょうりょう種子しゅし。」[13]2019ねん4がつ科學かがく透過とうか伯太はかたそら望遠鏡ぼうえんきょう觀測かんそくぼしさい物質ぶっしつざい恆星こうせいあいだ偵測いたりょう大型おおがた複雜ふくざつてきはなれともえ克明かつあき斯特とみ勒烯(C60分子ぶんし[14][15]

2011ねん科學かがく利用りようひかりがく發現はつげん含有がんゆう複雜ふくざつ有機ゆうき化合かごうぶつ(「具有ぐゆう芳香ほうこうぞく脂肪しぼうぞく混合こんごう結構けっこうてき無定形むていけい有機ゆうき固體こたい」)てき宇宙うちゅう塵埃じんあい自然しぜん快速かいそくよし恆星こうせいさんせい[16][17][18]。這些分子ぶんしてき化學かがく結構けっこう非常ひじょう複雜ふくざつ,其複雜ふくざつ程度ていどやめあずかすす石油せきゆてき化學かがく成分せいぶんしょうぜん學界がっかい普遍ふへんみとめため具有ぐゆう這種複雜ふくざつ程度ていどてき化學かがく物質ぶっしつ僅能よしせい物體ぶったいさんせい[16]觀察かんさつ結果けっか表明ひょうめいゆかりほしぎわ塵埃じんあい粒子りゅうし引入地球ちきゅうてき有機ゆうき化合かごうぶつもと於其表面ひょうめん催化活性かっせい作為さくい生命せいめいてき基本きほん要素ようそ[19][20]。其中いち科學かがく家並いえなみみとめため這些化合かごうぶつ可能かのうあずか地球ちきゅうじょうてき生命せいめい發展はってん相關そうかんなみ表示ひょうじ:「如果這一假設かせつ為真ためざにのり地球ちきゅうじょうてき生命せいめい可能かのうかいわが們想ぞうてきさら容易ようい萌芽ほうがいんため這些有機物ゆうきぶつ作為さくい生命せいめいてき組成そせい基礎きそ。」[16]

2012ねん8がつ哥本哈根大學だいがくてき天文學てんもんがくざいいち遙遠ようえんほしけいちゅうてきはら恆星こうせい周圍しゅうい發現はつげんりょうおつあつし一種いっしゅ有機ゆうき化合かごうぶつ);此恆星こうせいてきへんごうためIRAS 16293-2422,距離きょり地球ちきゅうやく400光年こうねん[21][22]おつあつし醛是組成そせいかくとう核酸かくさんてき必要ひつよう物質ぶっしついち,而核とう核酸かくさんざい遺傳いでんへんてんやく調しらべひかえもといん表現ひょうげんとう過程かていちゅう發揮はっき作用さよう。這一發現はつげん表明ひょうめい複雜ふくざつてき有機ゆうき分子ぶんし可能かのうざいくだりぼし形成けいせいぜんそくざい恆星こうせい系統けいとう中產ちゅうさんせいなみ最終さいしゅう到達とうたつただしざい發展はってんてき早期そうきぎょうぼしじょう[23]

ざい紫外線しがいせん環境かんきょう顯示けんじ弓形きゅうけいふるえてき獅子ししCW

2012ねん9がつ美國びくに國家こっか航空こうくう暨太むなしそうしょてき科學かがく提出ていしゅつ報告ほうこくみとめためたまき芳香よしこ烴在ほしぎわ物質ぶっしつ環境かんきょうちゅうかいけい氫化氧化羥基とう作用さよう形成けいせいさら複雜ふくざつてき有機ゆうき化合かごうぶつ,「逐步こう形成けいせいかく苷酸胺基さん分別ふんべつため蛋白質たんぱくしつ氧核醣核酸かくさんてき道路どうろ前進ぜんしん[24][25]。此外,ざい轉變てんぺんてき過程かていちゅうたまき芳香よしこ物質ぶっしつしょう喪失そうしつ其光特徵とくちょう,「あるもと就是ため什麼いんもざいほしぎわえいInterstellar iceゆう其是寒冷かんれい濃密のうみつてき星雲せいうん)及はらこうほしばんてき上部じょうぶ分子ぶんしそうちゅう很少偵測いたたまき芳香よしこ存在そんざいてき原因げんいんいち[24][25]

たまき芳香よしこ烴在宇宙うちゅうちゅう隨處ずいしょ[26]。2013ねん6がつたまき芳香よしこ烴在土星どせい最大さいだいてき衛星えいせいまもるろく俗稱ぞくしょうやすしひろし」)じょう偵測出來でき[27]

2013ねん8がつさと兹大がくてきとくおん·赫德(Dwayne Heardみとめため量子力學りょうしりきがくなかてき量子りょうし穿ほじ隧效おう解釋かいしゃくてき實驗じっけんしょうぐみかん察到てき現象げんしょうひや羥基(溫度おんどやく63かつみみぶんかずきのえあつし分子ぶんしあいだ突破とっぱりょう分子ぶんし內的のうるいしるべ致兩しゅ物質ぶっしつあいだてき反應はんのう發生はっせいりつあかりあらわだか於預ざい考慮こうりょ量子りょうしこうおう,此分子ぶんしのうるい一般需在較高溫度的環境中透過熱能或電離作用克服。量子りょうし穿ほじ隧效おうゆうじょ解釋かいしゃく複雜ふくざつ分子ぶんしよしすうじゅう以上いじょうてき原子げんししょ組成そせい)於星ぎわ空間くうかんちゅうてき存在そんざい[28]

2015ねん3がつ,NASAてき科學かがく報告ほうこく實驗じっけんしつやめ成功せいこう利用りよう嘧啶常見つねみ於隕せきちゅうとう基本きほん化學かがく物質ぶっしつ在外ざいがいふとむなし模擬もぎ環境かんきょう生成せいせい包括ほうかつ尿にょう嘧啶胞嘧啶胸腺きょうせん嘧啶ざい內的DNARNAとう複雜ふくざつ有機ゆうき化合かごうぶつよりどころ科學かがくてき說法せっぽう,嘧啶てき形成けいせい過程かていあずかたまき芳香よしこ相似そうじ可能かのうざいべに巨星きょせいほしぎわ塵埃じんあいある氣體きたいくもちゅう生成せいせいてき[29]

2016ねん10がつ天文學てんもんがくしょうかぶと炔、碳氫せいはなれ(CH+かず碳離(C+とう生命せいめい形成けいせいしょ需的基本きほん要素ようそだい部分ぶぶん恆星こうせい發出はっしゅつてき紫外線しがいせん中產ちゅうさんせいてき,而非ぞうまえりょうそうてきあずか超新星ちょうしんせい和年かずとしけい恆星こうせい擾動相關そうかんてき事件じけんとう其他生成せいせいみち[30][31]

人馬じんばB2宇宙うちゅうちゅうほしぎわ分子ぶんし含量さい豐富ほうふてき區域くいきいち人馬じんばB2一個由氣體和塵埃組成的分子ぶんしくもよこ躺在銀河系ぎんがけい的中てきちゅうこころ附近ふきん常成つねなりため天文學てんもんがくてき研究けんきゅう標的ひょうてきほんれつひょう中大ちゅうだいやくゆう一半的分子最初都是在人馬座B2內被發現はつげんてき,而幾乎所有しょゆうやめ知的ちてきほしぎわ分子ぶんし目前もくぜん也都のうざい此處ここけんはか出來でき[32]。另一個常作為星際分子調查來源的地點是獅子ししCWそくIRC +10216ほし),ゆうたち50しゅ分子ぶんしざいうらけんはか出來でき[33]

理論りろん模型もけい[编辑]

よう解釋かいしゃくかん察到てき構物てき比例ひれい,就必須ひっす運用うんよう最小さいしょうのうりょう原理げんりざいだい多數たすう情況じょうきょうちゅう最小さいしょうのうりょう原理げんりのう解釋かいしゃくため何某なにぼう分子ぶんしいんためそうのうりょう較低てき緣故えんこざいほしぎわ空間くうかんてき含量較其構物豐富ほうふ也有やゆういち些例がい存在そんざい[34]。這些例外れいがいゆう些可以利用りよう其他分子ぶんしさんすう解決かいけつれい如偶極極ごくごくりつdipole polarizabilty)也會影響えいきょう構物てきゆたかきょくりつ較低てき分子ぶんしざいほしぎわ空間くうかんてき含量かい平均へいきんきょくりつ較高てき分子ぶんしさら豐富ほうふ[35]。此現象げんしょうてき成因せいいん於與宇宙うちゅうちゅう各種かくしゅ輻射ふくしゃ原理げんり相似そうじきょくりつあずか外部がいぶ電場でんじょう分子ぶんし行為こういてき相關そうかんせい

另一種解釋則完全忽略能量問題,ただ處理しょり透過とうか訊熵指數しすうinformation entropy index計算けいさんてき分子ぶんし複雜ふくざつせい。此解釋かいしゃく推測すいそく一些分子的組成物質參數值(如尿素にょうそ嘧啶二羥基丙酮尿にょう嘧啶胞嘧啶あま氨酸へい氨酸ひとしいん落入やめほしぎわ分子ぶんし典型てんけい值的範圍はんい內,使つかい這些分子ぶんしざいほしぎわ環境かんきょうちゅう發現はつげんてき可能かのうせい較其分子ぶんしようだか。此外,訊熵だいてき分子ぶんしそく結構けっこうさい複雜ふくざつてき分子ぶんし占有せんゆうぼしさい集合しゅうごうてき一半いっぱん,其百分比隨著分子大小而遞減。此一趨勢すうせい也有やゆう可能かのうあずか分子ぶんし化學かがく結構けっこうひとし勻度穩定せいてき不同ふどうゆうせきいんためだい尺寸しゃくすんてきけんはか分子ぶんしさら可能かのうようゆう對稱たいしょう而非對稱たいしょうてき分子ぶんし結構けっこう實際じっさい觀察かんさつちゅうけんはかいたてき大量たいりょうてい熵、結構けっこう高度こうど對稱たいしょうてきとみ勒烯分子ぶんしため這一假設提供了支持理據。另外,訊熵也反映はんえいりょう物質ぶっしつてき氫化深度しんど訊熵だいてき分子ぶんしかけしょう氫氣組成そせい,而其多數たすう分子ぶんしみな含有がんゆう大量たいりょうてき[36]

分子ぶんしれつひょう[编辑]

しもれつやめざいほしぎわ物質ぶっしつほしあまねつつみそうちゅうけんはかだしてき分子ぶんしなみあきら組成そせい原子げんしてきすうもくぶんぐみまい一種分子均附其化學かがくしきわかゆうはなれ型式けいしき也會いち併列わか該分ただゆうはなれ型式けいしきけんはか出來できあるぼつゆうざい科學かがく文獻ぶんけんちゅうじょうめいしゃのり分子ぶんしいちらんとめそらしたれつひょうかくちゅう質量しつりょういちかくすうよりどころ採用さいよう計量けいりょう單位たんいため原子げんし質量しつりょう單位たんいまい小節しょうせつ標題ひょうだいかいれつ該小ぶししょ含之分子ぶんし總數そうすう

目前もくぜんだい部分ぶぶん偵測てきほしぎわ分子ぶんし有機ゆうき化合かごうぶつざい所有しょゆう組成そせい原子げんしすうもくたち以上いじょうてき分子ぶんしちゅうただゆうきのえ矽烷(SiH4これ無機むき化合かごうぶつ,其他分子ぶんし具有ぐゆういたりしょういち原子げんし,而沒ゆうN-NあるO-Oかぎ[37]

そう原子げんし(44)[编辑]

いち氧化碳(CO)經常けいじょうようつい分子ぶんしくもてき質量しつりょう分布ぶんぷ[38]
分子ぶんし 英文えいぶん名稱めいしょう ちゅうぶん名稱めいしょう 質量しつりょう はなれ
AlCl Aluminium monochloride[39][40] いち氯化鋁 62.5
AlF Aluminium monofluoride[39][41] いち氟化鋁 46
AlO Aluminium monoxide[42] いち氧化鋁 43
Argonium[43][44] 氬氫はなれ 41 ArH+
C2 Diatomic carbon[45][46] そう原子げんし 24
Fluoromethylidynium 氟化きのえはじめせいはなれ 31 CF+[47]
CH Methylidyne radical[30][48] つぎきのえはじめ自由じゆうもと 13 CH+[49]
CN Cyanogen radical[39][48][50][51] 氰基自由じゆうもと 26 CN+[52]
CN[53]
CO Carbon monoxide[39][54][55] いち氧化碳 28 CO+[56]
CP Carbon monophosphide[51] いち磷化碳 43
CS Carbon monosulfide[39] いち硫化りゅうか 44
FeO Iron(II) oxide[57] 氧化てつ 82
Helium hydride ion[58][59] 氦合氫離 5 HeH+
H2 Molecular hydrogen[60] 分子ぶんし 2
HCl Hydrogen chloride[61] 氯化氫 36.5 HCl+[62]
HF Hydrogen fluoride[63] 氟化氫 20
HO Hydroxyl radical[39] 羥基自由じゆうもと 17 OH+[64]
KCl Potassium chloride[39][40] 氯化鉀 75.5
NH Imidogen[65][66] いち氫化氮 15
N2 Molecular nitrogen[67][68] 分子ぶんし 28
NO Nitric oxide[69] いち氧化氮 30 NO+[52]
NS Sulfur mononitride[39] いち氮化硫 46
NaCl Sodium chloride[39][40] 氯化鈉 58.5
Magnesium monohydride cation いち氫化鎂えいMagnesium monohydrideせいはなれ 25.3 MgH+[52]
NaI Sodium iodide[70] 碘化鈉 150
O2 Molecular oxygen[71] 分子ぶんし 32
PN Phosphorus mononitride[72] いち氮化磷 45
PO Phosphorus monoxide[73] いち氧化磷 47
SH Sulfur monohydride[74] いち氢化硫 33 SH+[75]
SO Sulfur monoxide[39] いち氧化硫 48 SO+[49]
SiC Carborundum[39][76] 碳化矽 40
SiN Silicon mononitride[39] いち氮化矽えいSilicon nitride 42
SiO Silicon monoxide[39] いち氧化矽 44
SiS Silicon monosulfide[39] いち硫化りゅうか 60
TiO Titanium(II) oxide[77] いち氧化鈦 63.9

さん原子げんし(41)[编辑]

さん氫正はなれH+
3
宇宙うちゅうちゅう含量さい豐富ほうふてきはなれいち,於1993ねんくび偵測[78][79]
分子ぶんし 英文えいぶん名稱めいしょう ちゅうぶん名稱めいしょう 質量しつりょう はなれ
AlNC Aluminium isocyanide[39] 氰化鋁(I) 53
AlOH Aluminium hydroxide[80] 氫氧鋁(I) 44
C3 Tricarbon[81][82] さんえいTricarbon 36
C2H Ethynyl radical[39][50] おつ炔基 25
CCN Cyanomethylidyne[83] 38
C2O Dicarbon monoxide[84] いち氧化 40
C2S Thioxoethenylidene[85] いち硫化りゅうか 56
C2P [86] 55
CO2 Carbon dioxide[87] 氧化碳 44
FeCN Iron cyanide[88] 氰化てつ 82
Protonated molecular hydrogen さん氫正はなれ 3 H+
3
[78][79]
H2C Methylene radical[89] きのえ 14
Chloronium 氯鎓はなれ 37.5 H2Cl+[90]
H2O Water[91] みず 18 H2O+[92]
HO2 Hydroperoxyl[93] ちょう氧化氫 33
H2S Hydrogen sulfide[39] 硫化りゅうか 34
HCN Hydrogen cyanide[39][50][94] 氰化氫 27
HNC Hydrogen isocyanide[95][96] 氫氰さん 27
HCO Formyl radical[97] きのえ酰基 29 HCO+[49][97][98]
HCP Phosphaethyne[99] 磷雜おつ 44
HCS Thioformyl[100] 硫甲醯基 45 HCS+[49][98]
Diazenylium[98][49][101] 氮鎓はなれ 29 HN+
2
HNO Nitroxyl[102] 硝酸しょうさん 31
Isoformyl 29 HOC+[50]
HSC Isothioformyl[100] 45
KCN Potassium cyanide[39] 氰化鉀 65
MgCN Magnesium cyanide[39] 氰化鎂(I) 50
MgNC Magnesium isocyanide[39] 氰化鎂(I) 50
NH2 Amino radical[103] 氨基自由じゆうもと 16
N2O Nitrous oxide[104] いち氧化 44
NaCN Sodium cyanide[39] 氰化鈉 49
NaOH Sodium hydroxide[105] 氫氧 40
OCS Carbonyl sulfide[106] 羰基硫 60
O3 Ozone[107] におい 48
SO2 Sulfur dioxide[39][108] 氧化硫 64
c-SiC2 c-Silicon dicarbide[39][76] c-碳化矽えいSilicon carbide 52
SiCSi Disilicon carbide[109] 68
SiCN Silicon carbonitride[110] 碳氮 54
SiNC [111] 54
TiO2 Titanium dioxide[77] 氧化鈦 79.9

よん原子げんし(28)[编辑]

きのえ(H2CO)一種廣泛分佈於星際介質中的有機分子[112]
分子ぶんし 英文えいぶん名稱めいしょう ちゅうぶん名稱めいしょう 質量しつりょう はなれ
CH3 Methyl radical[113] きのえはじめ 15
l-C3H Propynylidyne[39][114] 37 l-C3H+[115]
c-C3H Cyclopropynylidyne[116] かんへい炔基 37
C3N Cyanoethynyl[117] 氰乙もとえいPolyyne 50 C3N[118]
C3O Tricarbon monoxide[114] いち氧化さん 52
C3S Tricarbon sulfide[39][85] いち硫化りゅうかさん 68
Hydronium みずあい氫離 19 H3O+[119]
C2H2 Acetylene[120] おつ 26
H2CN Methylene amidogen[121] 28 H2CN+[49]
H2CO Formaldehyde[112] きのえ 30
H2CS Thioformaldehyde[122] 硫代かぶと 46
HCCN [123] 39
HCCO Ketenyl[124] おつ烯酮 41
Protonated hydrogen cyanide しつてき氰化氫 28 HCNH+[98]
Protonated carbon dioxide しつてき氧化碳 45 HOCO+[125]
HCNO Fulminic acid[126] かみなりさん 43
HOCN Cyanic acid[127] 氰酸 43
CNCN Isocyanogen[128] 异氰 52
HOOH Hydrogen peroxide[129] 氧化氫 34
HNCO Isocyanic acid[108] 氰酸 43
HNCS Isothiocyanic acid[130] 硫氰さん 59
NH3 Ammonia[39][131] 17
HSCN Thiocyanic acid[132] 硫氰さん 59
SiC3 Silicon tricarbide[39]  さん碳化矽 64
HMgNC Hydromagnesium isocyanide[133]  氰化氫鎂 51.3
HNO2 Nitrous acid[134] 硝酸しょうさん 47

原子げんし(20)[编辑]

きのえ(CH4これ天然てんねんてき主要しゅよう組成そせい成分せいぶん曾於そお彗星すいせいすう太陽系たいようけいくだりぼしてき大氣たいきそうちゅうけんはかいた[135]
分子ぶんし 英文えいぶん名稱めいしょう ちゅうぶん名稱めいしょう 質量しつりょう はなれ
Ammonium ion[136][137] はなれ 18 NH+
4
CH4 Methane[138] きのえ 16
CH3O Methoxy radical[139] きのえ氧基 31
c-C3H2 Cyclopropenylidene[50][140][141] 环丙烯亚もと[142]また译为たまきへい烯基自由じゆうもと 38
l-H2C3 Propadienylidene[141] へいもと 38
H2CCN Cyanomethyl[143] 氰甲もとえいCyanomethyl自由じゆうもと 40
H2C2O Ketene[108] おつ烯酮 42
H2CNH Methylenimine[144] かぶと 29
HNCNH Carbodiimide[145] 碳二 42
Protonated formaldehyde しつてきかぶと 31 H2COH+[146]
C4H Butadiynyl[39] ひのともと 49 C4H[147]
HC3N Cyanoacetylene[39][50][98][148][149] 氰基おつ 51
HCC-NC Isocyanoacetylene[150] 氰基おつ 51
HCOOH Formic acid[151][148] きのえさん 46
NH2CN Cyanamide[152] 氨基氰 42
Protonated cyanogen しつてき 53 NCCNH+[153]
HC(O)CN Cyanoformaldehyde[154] きのえ醯腈 55
C5 Linear C5[155] 60
SiC4 Silicon-carbide cluster[76] 碳化矽簇ごうぶつ 92
SiH4 Silane[156] 矽烷 32

ろく原子げんし(16)[编辑]

ざいほしぎわ物質ぶっしつちゅうきのえ醯胺(HCONH2うえあずかきのえはじめ結合けつごう形成けいせいおつ醯胺[157]
分子ぶんし 英文えいぶん名稱めいしょう ちゅうぶん名稱めいしょう 質量しつりょう はなれ
c-H2C3O Cyclopropenone[158] かんへい烯酮 54
E-HNCHCN E-Cyanomethanimine[159] 54
C2H4 Ethylene[160] おつ 28
CH3CN Acetonitrile[108][161][162] おつ 40
CH3NC Methyl isocyanide[161] きのえはじめえいMethyl isocyanide 40
CH3OH Methanol[108][163] きのえあつし 32
CH3SH Methanethiol[164] きのえはじめ硫醇 48
l-H2C4 Diacetylene[39][165] ひのと 50
Protonated cyanoacetylene しつてき氰基おつ 52 HC3NH+[98]
HCONH2 Formamide[157] きのえ醯胺 44
C5H Pentynylidyne[39][85] つちのえもと 61
C5N Cyanobutadiynyl radical[166] 氰基ひのと烯基 74
HC2CHO Propynal[167] へい炔醛 54
HC4N [39]  63
CH2CNH Ketenimine[140] 氮丙たまき 40
C5S [168] 92

なな原子げんし(11)[编辑]

おつ(CH3CHO,うえ)及其構體おつ烯醇かん氧乙烷等分とうぶんみな曾在ほしぎわ空間くうかんちゅう偵測いた[169]
分子ぶんし 英文えいぶん名稱めいしょう ちゅうぶん名稱めいしょう 質量しつりょう はなれ
c-C2H4O Ethylene oxide[170] かん氧乙烷 44
CH3C2H Methylacetylene[50] へい 40
H3CNH2 Methylamine[171] きのえ 31
CH2CHCN Acrylonitrile[108][161] へい烯腈 53
H2CHCOH Vinyl alcohol[169] おつ烯醇 44
C6H Hexatriynyl radical[39][85] おのれさん自由じゆうもとえいHexatriynyl radical 73 C6H[141][172]
HC4CN Cyanodiacetylene[108][149][161] 氰基ひのと 75
HC5O [173] 77
CH3CHO Acetaldehyde[39][170] おつ 44
CH3NCO Methyl isocyanate[174] 氰酸かぶと 57
HOCH2CN Glycolonitrile[175] 羥基おつ 57

はち原子げんし(11)[编辑]

おつさん(CH3COOH,ちゅう常見つねみてき化合かごうぶつ電波でんぱ訊號やめ於1997ねんあかしじつ為真ためざに[176]
分子ぶんし 英文えいぶん名稱めいしょう ちゅうぶん名稱めいしょう 質量しつりょう はなれ
H3CC2CN Methylcyanoacetylene[177] きのえはじめ氰基おつ 65
H2COHCHO Glycolaldehyde[178] おつあつし 60
HCOOCH3 Methyl formate[108][148][178] きのえさんかぶと 60
CH3COOH Acetic acid[176] おつさん 60
H2C6 Hexapentaenylidene[39][165] おのれもと 74
CH2CHCHO Propenal[140] へい烯醛 56
CH2CCHCN Cyanoallene[140][177] 氰基へい 65
CH3CHNH Ethanimine[179] 氨基おつ 43
C7H Heptatrienyl radical[180] かのえさんもと自由じゆうもと 85
NH2CH2CN Aminoacetonitrile[181] 氨基おつ 56
(NH2)2CO Urea[182] 尿素にょうそ 60

きゅう原子げんし(10)[编辑]

おつあつし(CH3CH2OH)常見つねみてき燃料ねんりょう溶劑ようざい消毒しょうどくざい,也常用じょうよう有機ゆうき合成ごうせい
分子ぶんし 英文えいぶん名稱めいしょう ちゅうぶん名稱めいしょう 質量しつりょう はなれ
CH3C4H Methyldiacetylene[183] きのえはじめひのと 64
CH3OCH3 Dimethyl Ether[184] かぶと 46
CH3CH2CN Propionitrile[39][108][161] へい 55
CH3CONH2 Acetamide[140][157] おつ醯胺 59
CH3CH2OH Ethanol[185] おつあつし 46
C8H Octatetraynyl radical[186] からしよんえい4-Octyne自由じゆうもと 97 C8H[187][188]
HC7N Cyanohexatriyne
Cyanotriacetylene[39][131][189][190]
氰基おのれさん 99
CH3CHCH2 Propylene
Propene[191]
へい 42
CH3CH2SH Ethyl mercaptan[192] おつ硫醇 62

超過ちょうかきゅう原子げんし(17)[编辑]

Diacetylene, HCCCCH
Methyldiacetylene, HCCCCCH3
Cyanotetraacetylene, HCCCCCCCCCN
いち聚炔烴衍生化學かがく物質ぶっしつめいれつほしぎわかいしつちゅう發現はつげんてきさいじゅうてき分子ぶんしいち
原子げんし數量すうりょう 分子ぶんし 英文えいぶん名稱めいしょう ちゅうぶん名稱めいしょう 質量しつりょう はなれ
10 (CH3)2CO Acetone[108][193] へい 58
10 (CH2OH)2 Ethylene glycol[194][195] おつあつし 62
10 CH3CH2CHO Propanal[140] へい 58
10 CH3OCH2OH Methoxymethanol[196] きのえ氧基きのえあつし 62
10 CH3C5N Methylcyanodiacetylene[140] きのえはじめ氰基ひのと 89
10 CH3CHCH2O Propylene oxide[197] かん氧丙烷 58
11 HC8CN Cyanotetraacetylene[39][189] 氰基炔烴 123
11 C2H5OCHO Ethyl formate[198] きのえさんおつ 74
11 CH3COOCH3 Methyl acetate[199] おつさんかぶと 74
11 CH3C6H Methyltriacetylene[140][183] きのえはじめおのれさん 88
12 C6H6 Benzene[165] 78
12 C3H7CN n-Propyl cyanide[198] せいひのと 69
12 (CH3)2CHCN iso-Propyl cyanide[200][201] ひのと 69
13 C
6
H
5
CN
Benzonitrile[202] 苯甲腈 104
13 HC10CN Cyanopentaacetylene[189] 氰基みずのと 147
60 C60 Buckminsterfullerene
C60 fullerene[203]
とみ勒烯 720 C+
60
[14][15][204][205]
70 C70 C70 fullerene[203] C70とみ勒烯えいC70 fullerene 840

含氘原子げんしてき分子ぶんし(20)[编辑]

以下いか分子ぶんしみな含有がんゆう(D/2
H
),氫的いちしゅ穩定形態けいたい同位どういもと

原子げんし數量すうりょう 分子ぶんし 英文えいぶん名稱めいしょう ちゅうぶん名稱めいしょう
2 HD Hydrogen deuteride[206][207] 氘化氫
3 H2D+
HD+
2
Trihydrogen cation[206][207] さん氫正はなれ
3 HDO
D2O
Heavy water[208][209] 重水じゅうすい
3 DCN Hydrogen cyanide[210] 氰化氢
3 DCO Formyl radical[210] きのえ醯基
3 DNC Hydrogen isocyanide[210] 氫氰さん
3 N2D+ [210] 
4 NH2D
NHD2
ND3
Ammonia[207][211][212]
4 HDCO
D2CO
Formaldehyde[207][213] きのえ
4 DNCO Isocyanic acid[214] 氰酸
5 NH3D+ Ammonium ion[215][216] 銨離
6 NH
2
CDO

NHDCHO
Formamide[214] きのえ醯胺
7 CH2DCCH
CH3CCD
Methylacetylene[217][218] へい

けいしょうてき分子ぶんし(12)[编辑]

以下いか分子ぶんし存在そんざい於星ぎわ空間くうかんちゅうてき證據しょうこ曾在科學かがく文獻ぶんけんちゅうひさげ及,しか而這些證據しょうこ文獻ぶんけん作者さくしゃ描述ため暫定ざんてい性的せいてき」,就是曾被其他學者がくしゃしょ挑戰ちょうせん。這些分子ぶんし存在そんざい於星ぎわ空間くうかんちゅうてき證據しょうこ仍待さら獨立どくりつ研究けんきゅうしょう

原子げんし數量すうりょう 分子ぶんし 英文えいぶん名稱めいしょう ちゅうぶん名稱めいしょう
2 SiH Silylidine[95]
4 PH3 Phosphine[219] 磷化氢
4 MgCCH Magnesium monoacetylide[168] おつ炔酸鎂
4 NCCP Cyanophosphaethyne[168] 氰基磷杂おつ
5 H2NCO+ [220]
6 SiH3CN Silyl cyanide[168] 氰基きのえはじめ矽烷
10 H2NCH2COOH Glycine[221][222] あま氨酸
12 CO(CH2OH)2 Dihydroxyacetone[223] 二羥基丙酮
12 C2H5OCH3 Ethyl methyl ether[224] 甲乙こうおつ
18 C
10
H+
8
Naphthalene cation[225] せい离子
24 C24 Graphene[226] 石墨せきぼく
24 C14H10 Anthracene[10][227]
26 C16H10 Pyrene[10]

まいり[编辑]

參考さんこう資料しりょう[编辑]

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