星 際 分子 列 表
發現 [编辑]
歷史 [编辑]
2004
2010
2011
2012
2012
2013
2015
2016
理論 模型 [编辑]
另一種解釋則完全忽略能量問題,
分子 列 表 [编辑]
雙 原子 (44)[编辑]
AlCl | Aluminium monochloride[39][40] | 62.5 | - | |
AlF | Aluminium monofluoride[39][41] | 46 | - | |
AlO | Aluminium monoxide[42] | 43 | - | |
- | Argonium[43][44] | 氬氫 |
41 | ArH+ |
C2 | Diatomic carbon[45][46] | 24 | - | |
- | Fluoromethylidynium | 氟化 |
31 | CF+[47] |
CH | Methylidyne radical[30][48] | 13 | CH+[49] | |
CN | Cyanogen radical[39][48][50][51] | 氰基 |
26 | CN+[52] CN−[53] |
CO | Carbon monoxide[39][54][55] | 28 | CO+[56] | |
CP | Carbon monophosphide[51] | 43 | - | |
CS | Carbon monosulfide[39] | 44 | - | |
FeO | Iron(II) oxide[57] | 氧化 |
82 | - |
- | Helium hydride ion[58][59] | 氦合氫離 |
5 | HeH+ |
H2 | Molecular hydrogen[60] | 氫 |
2 | - |
HCl | Hydrogen chloride[61] | 氯化氫 | 36.5 | HCl+[62] |
HF | Hydrogen fluoride[63] | 氟化氫 | 20 | - |
HO | Hydroxyl radical[39] | 羥基 |
17 | OH+[64] |
KCl | Potassium chloride[39][40] | 氯化鉀 | 75.5 | - |
NH | Imidogen[65][66] | 15 | - | |
N2 | Molecular nitrogen[67][68] | 氮 |
28 | - |
NO | Nitric oxide[69] | 30 | NO+[52] | |
NS | Sulfur mononitride[39] | 46 | - | |
NaCl | Sodium chloride[39][40] | 氯化鈉 | 58.5 | - |
- | Magnesium monohydride cation | 25.3 | MgH+[52] | |
NaI | Sodium iodide[70] | 碘化鈉 | 150 | - |
O2 | Molecular oxygen[71] | 氧 |
32 | - |
PN | Phosphorus mononitride[72] | 45 | - | |
PO | Phosphorus monoxide[73] | 47 | - | |
SH | Sulfur monohydride[74] | 33 | SH+[75] | |
SO | Sulfur monoxide[39] | 48 | SO+[49] | |
SiC | Carborundum[39][76] | 碳化矽 | 40 | - |
SiN | Silicon mononitride[39] | 42 | - | |
SiO | Silicon monoxide[39] | 44 | - | |
SiS | Silicon monosulfide[39] | 60 | - | |
TiO | Titanium(II) oxide[77] | 63.9 | - |
三 原子 (41)[编辑]
AlNC | Aluminium isocyanide[39] | 53 | - | |
AlOH | Aluminium hydroxide[80] | 氫氧 |
44 | - |
C3 | Tricarbon[81][82] | 36 | - | |
C2H | Ethynyl radical[39][50] | 25 | - | |
CCN | Cyanomethylidyne[83] | - | 38 | - |
C2O | Dicarbon monoxide[84] | 40 | - | |
C2S | Thioxoethenylidene[85] | 56 | - | |
C2P | -[86] | - | 55 | - |
CO2 | Carbon dioxide[87] | 44 | - | |
FeCN | Iron cyanide[88] | 氰化 |
82 | - |
- | Protonated molecular hydrogen | 3 | H+ 3[78][79] | |
H2C | Methylene radical[89] | 14 | - | |
- | Chloronium | 氯鎓 |
37.5 | H2Cl+[90] |
H2O | Water[91] | 18 | H2O+[92] | |
HO2 | Hydroperoxyl[93] | 33 | - | |
H2S | Hydrogen sulfide[39] | 34 | - | |
HCN | Hydrogen cyanide[39][50][94] | 氰化氫 | 27 | - |
HNC | Hydrogen isocyanide[95][96] | 27 | - | |
HCO | Formyl radical[97] | 29 | HCO+[49][97][98] | |
HCP | Phosphaethyne[99] | 磷雜 |
44 | - |
HCS | Thioformyl[100] | 硫甲醯基 | 45 | HCS+[49][98] |
- | Diazenylium[98][49][101] | 29 | HN+ 2 | |
HNO | Nitroxyl[102] | 31 | - | |
- | Isoformyl | - | 29 | HOC+[50] |
HSC | Isothioformyl[100] | - | 45 | - |
KCN | Potassium cyanide[39] | 氰化鉀 | 65 | - |
MgCN | Magnesium cyanide[39] | 氰化鎂(I) | 50 | - |
MgNC | Magnesium isocyanide[39] | 50 | - | |
NH2 | Amino radical[103] | 氨基 |
16 | - |
N2O | Nitrous oxide[104] | 44 | - | |
NaCN | Sodium cyanide[39] | 氰化鈉 | 49 | - |
NaOH | Sodium hydroxide[105] | 氫氧 |
40 | - |
OCS | Carbonyl sulfide[106] | 羰基硫 | 60 | - |
O3 | Ozone[107] | 48 | - | |
SO2 | Sulfur dioxide[39][108] | 64 | - | |
c-SiC2 | c-Silicon dicarbide[39][76] | c- |
52 | - |
SiCSi | Disilicon carbide[109] | - | 68 | - |
SiCN | Silicon carbonitride[110] | 碳氮 |
54 | - |
SiNC | -[111] | - | 54 | - |
TiO2 | Titanium dioxide[77] | 79.9 | - |
四 原子 (28)[编辑]
CH3 | Methyl radical[113] | 15 | - | |
l-C3H | Propynylidyne[39][114] | - | 37 | l-C3H+[115] |
c-C3H | Cyclopropynylidyne[116] | 37 | - | |
C3N | Cyanoethynyl[117] | 氰乙 |
50 | C3N−[118] |
C3O | Tricarbon monoxide[114] | 52 | - | |
C3S | Tricarbon sulfide[39][85] | 68 | - | |
- | Hydronium | 19 | H3O+[119] | |
C2H2 | Acetylene[120] | 26 | - | |
H2CN | Methylene amidogen[121] | - | 28 | H2CN+[49] |
H2CO | Formaldehyde[112] | 30 | - | |
H2CS | Thioformaldehyde[122] | 硫代 |
46 | - |
HCCN | -[123] | - | 39 | - |
HCCO | Ketenyl[124] | 41 | - | |
- | Protonated hydrogen cyanide | 28 | HCNH+[98] | |
- | Protonated carbon dioxide | 45 | HOCO+[125] | |
HCNO | Fulminic acid[126] | 43 | - | |
HOCN | Cyanic acid[127] | 氰酸 | 43 | - |
CNCN | Isocyanogen[128] | 异氰 | 52 | - |
HOOH | Hydrogen peroxide[129] | 34 | - | |
HNCO | Isocyanic acid[108] | 43 | - | |
HNCS | Isothiocyanic acid[130] | 59 | - | |
NH3 | Ammonia[39][131] | 氨 | 17 | - |
HSCN | Thiocyanic acid[132] | 硫氰 |
59 | - |
SiC3 | Silicon tricarbide[39] | 64 | - | |
HMgNC | Hydromagnesium isocyanide[133] | 51.3 | - | |
HNO2 | Nitrous acid[134] | 47 | - |
五 原子 (20)[编辑]
- | Ammonium ion[136][137] | 銨 |
18 | NH+ 4 |
CH4 | Methane[138] | 16 | - | |
CH3O | Methoxy radical[139] | 31 | - | |
c-C3H2 | Cyclopropenylidene[50][140][141] | 环丙烯亚 |
38 | - |
l-H2C3 | Propadienylidene[141] | 38 | - | |
H2CCN | Cyanomethyl[143] | 氰甲 |
40 | - |
H2C2O | Ketene[108] | 42 | - | |
H2CNH | Methylenimine[144] | 29 | - | |
HNCNH | Carbodiimide[145] | 碳二 |
42 | - |
- | Protonated formaldehyde | 31 | H2COH+[146] | |
C4H | Butadiynyl[39] | 49 | C4H−[147] | |
HC3N | Cyanoacetylene[39][50][98][148][149] | 氰基 |
51 | - |
HCC-NC | Isocyanoacetylene[150] | 51 | - | |
HCOOH | Formic acid[151][148] | 46 | - | |
NH2CN | Cyanamide[152] | 氨基氰 | 42 | - |
- | Protonated cyanogen | 53 | NCCNH+[153] | |
HC(O)CN | Cyanoformaldehyde[154] | 55 | - | |
C5 | Linear C5[155] | 60 | - | |
SiC4 | Silicon-carbide cluster[76] | 碳化矽簇 |
92 | - |
SiH4 | Silane[156] | 矽烷 | 32 | - |
六 原子 (16)[编辑]
c-H2C3O | Cyclopropenone[158] | 54 | - | |
E-HNCHCN | E-Cyanomethanimine[159] | - | 54 | - |
C2H4 | Ethylene[160] | 28 | - | |
CH3CN | Acetonitrile[108][161][162] | 40 | - | |
CH3NC | Methyl isocyanide[161] | 40 | - | |
CH3OH | Methanol[108][163] | 32 | - | |
CH3SH | Methanethiol[164] | 48 | - | |
l-H2C4 | Diacetylene[39][165] | 50 | - | |
- | Protonated cyanoacetylene | 52 | HC3NH+[98] | |
HCONH2 | Formamide[157] | 44 | - | |
C5H | Pentynylidyne[39][85] | 61 | - | |
C5N | Cyanobutadiynyl radical[166] | 氰基 |
74 | - |
HC2CHO | Propynal[167] | 54 | - | |
HC4N | -[39] | - | 63 | - |
CH2CNH | Ketenimine[140] | 氮丙 |
40 | - |
C5S | -[168] | - | 92 | - |
七 原子 (11)[编辑]
c-C2H4O | Ethylene oxide[170] | 44 | - | |
CH3C2H | Methylacetylene[50] | 40 | - | |
H3CNH2 | Methylamine[171] | 31 | - | |
CH2CHCN | Acrylonitrile[108][161] | 53 | - | |
H2CHCOH | Vinyl alcohol[169] | 44 | - | |
C6H | Hexatriynyl radical[39][85] | 73 | C6H−[141][172] | |
HC4CN | Cyanodiacetylene[108][149][161] | 氰基 |
75 | - |
HC5O | -[173] | - | 77 | - |
CH3CHO | Acetaldehyde[39][170] | 44 | - | |
CH3NCO | Methyl isocyanate[174] | 57 | - | |
HOCH2CN | Glycolonitrile[175] | 羥基 |
57 | - |
八 原子 (11)[编辑]
H3CC2CN | Methylcyanoacetylene[177] | 65 | - | |
H2COHCHO | Glycolaldehyde[178] | 60 | - | |
HCOOCH3 | Methyl formate[108][148][178] | 60 | - | |
CH3COOH | Acetic acid[176] | 60 | - | |
H2C6 | Hexapentaenylidene[39][165] | 74 | - | |
CH2CHCHO | Propenal[140] | 56 | - | |
CH2CCHCN | Cyanoallene[140][177] | 氰基 |
65 | - |
CH3CHNH | Ethanimine[179] | 43 | - | |
C7H | Heptatrienyl radical[180] | 85 | - | |
NH2CH2CN | Aminoacetonitrile[181] | 氨基 |
56 | - |
(NH2)2CO | Urea[182] | 60 | - |
九 原子 (10)[编辑]
CH3C4H | Methyldiacetylene[183] | 64 | - | |
CH3OCH3 | Dimethyl Ether[184] | 46 | - | |
CH3CH2CN | Propionitrile[39][108][161] | 55 | - | |
CH3CONH2 | Acetamide[140][157] | 59 | - | |
CH3CH2OH | Ethanol[185] | 46 | - | |
C8H | Octatetraynyl radical[186] | 97 | C8H−[187][188] | |
HC7N | Cyanohexatriyne Cyanotriacetylene[39][131][189][190] |
氰基 |
99 | - |
CH3CHCH2 | Propylene Propene[191] |
42 | - | |
CH3CH2SH | Ethyl mercaptan[192] | 62 | - |
超過 九 個 原子 (17)[编辑]
10 | (CH3)2CO | Acetone[108][193] | 58 | - | |
10 | (CH2OH)2 | Ethylene glycol[194][195] | 62 | - | |
10 | CH3CH2CHO | Propanal[140] | 58 | - | |
10 | CH3OCH2OH | Methoxymethanol[196] | 62 | - | |
10 | CH3C5N | Methylcyanodiacetylene[140] | 89 | - | |
10 | CH3CHCH2O | Propylene oxide[197] | 58 | - | |
11 | HC8CN | Cyanotetraacetylene[39][189] | 氰基 |
123 | - |
11 | C2H5OCHO | Ethyl formate[198] | 74 | - | |
11 | CH3COOCH3 | Methyl acetate[199] | 74 | - | |
11 | CH3C6H | Methyltriacetylene[140][183] | 88 | - | |
12 | C6H6 | Benzene[165] | 苯 | 78 | - |
12 | C3H7CN | n-Propyl cyanide[198] | 69 | - | |
12 | (CH3)2CHCN | iso-Propyl cyanide[200][201] | 69 | - | |
13 | C 6H 5CN |
Benzonitrile[202] | 苯甲腈 | 104 | - |
13 | HC10CN | Cyanopentaacetylene[189] | 氰基 |
147 | - |
60 | C60 | Buckminsterfullerene C60 fullerene[203] |
720 | C+ 60[14][15][204][205] | |
70 | C70 | C70 fullerene[203] | C70 |
840 | - |
含氘原子 的 分子 (20)[编辑]
2 | HD | Hydrogen deuteride[206][207] | 氘化氫 |
3 | H2D+ HD+ 2 |
Trihydrogen cation[206][207] | |
3 | HDO D2O |
Heavy water[208][209] | |
3 | DCN | Hydrogen cyanide[210] | 氰化氢 |
3 | DCO | Formyl radical[210] | |
3 | DNC | Hydrogen isocyanide[210] | |
3 | N2D+ | -[210] | - |
4 | NH2D NHD2 ND3 |
Ammonia[207][211][212] | 氨 |
4 | HDCO D2CO |
Formaldehyde[207][213] | |
4 | DNCO | Isocyanic acid[214] | |
5 | NH3D+ | Ammonium ion[215][216] | 銨離 |
6 | NH 2CDO NHDCHO |
Formamide[214] | |
7 | CH2DCCH CH3CCD |
Methylacetylene[217][218] |
未 經 證 實 的 分子 (12)[编辑]
2 | SiH | Silylidine[95] | - |
4 | PH3 | Phosphine[219] | 磷化氢 |
4 | MgCCH | Magnesium monoacetylide[168] | |
4 | NCCP | Cyanophosphaethyne[168] | 氰基磷杂 |
5 | H2NCO+ | -[220] | - |
6 | SiH3CN | Silyl cyanide[168] | 氰基 |
10 | H2NCH2COOH | Glycine[221][222] | |
12 | CO(CH2OH)2 | Dihydroxyacetone[223] | 二羥基丙酮 |
12 | C2H5OCH3 | Ethyl methyl ether[224] | |
18 | C 10H+ 8 |
Naphthalene cation[225] | 萘 |
24 | C24 | Graphene[226] | |
24 | C14H10 | Anthracene[10][227] | 蒽 |
26 | C16H10 | Pyrene[10] | 芘 |
參 見 [编辑]
參考 資料 [编辑]
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ν 4 Infrared Band. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2013, 771 (1): L11. Bibcode:2013ApJ...771L..11D. arXiv:1306.3792 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/771/1/L10 (英 语). - ^ Gerin, M.; et al. Interstellar detection of deuterated methyl acetylene. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1992, 253 (2): L29–L32. Bibcode:1992A&A...253L..29G (
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原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2017-12-02) (英 语). - ^ Snyder, L. E.; et al. A Rigorous Attempt to Verify Interstellar Glycine. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005, 619 (2): 914–930. Bibcode:2005ApJ...619..914S. arXiv:astro-ph/0410335 . doi:10.1086/426677 (
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英 语). - ^ Fuchs, G. W.; et al. Trans-Ethyl Methyl Ether in Space: A new Look at a Complex Molecule in Selected Hot Core Regions. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2005, 444 (2): 521–530 [2010-07-18]. Bibcode:2005A&A...444..521F. arXiv:astro-ph/0508395 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053599. (
原始 内容 存 档于2011-07-19) (英 语). - ^ Iglesias-Groth, S.; et al. Evidence for the Naphthalene Cation in a Region of the Interstellar Medium with Anomalous Microwave Emission. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2008-09-20, 685 (1): L55–L58. Bibcode:2008ApJ...685L..55I. arXiv:0809.0778 . doi:10.1086/592349. - This spectral assignment has not been independently confirmed, and is described by the authors as "tentative" (page L58).
- ^ García-Hernández, D. A.; et al. The Formation of Fullerenes: Clues from New C60, C70, and (Possible) Planar C24 Detections in Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2011, 737 (2): L30. Bibcode:2011ApJ...737L..30G. arXiv:1107.2595 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/737/2/L30 (
英 语). - ^ Iglesias-Groth, S.; et al. A search for interstellar anthracene toward the Perseus anomalous microwave emission region. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2010-05, 407 (4): 2157–2165. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.407.2157I. arXiv:1005.4388 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17075.x (
英 语).
外部 連結 [编辑]
- Woon, David E. Interstellar and Circumstellar Molecules. The Astrochymist. 2010-10-01 [2019-08-27] (
英 语). - Molecules in Space. Universität zu Köln. 2019-01 [2019-08-27]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-05-29) (英 语). - Dworkin, Jason P. The Cosmic Ice Laboratory - Interstellar Molecules. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center. 2007-02-01 [2019-08-27]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2013-02-02) (英 语). - Wootten, Al. The reported interstellar and circumstellar molecules. National Radio Astronomy Observatory. 2005-11 [2019-08-27]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-12-11) (英 语). - Lovas, F. J.; Dragoset, R. A. NIST Recommended Rest Frequencies for Observed Interstellar Molecular Microwave Transitions, 2009 Revision. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 2004-02, 33 (1): 177 [2019-08-27]. Bibcode:2004JPCRD..33..177L. doi:10.18434/T4JP4Q. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-01-21) –通 过National Institute of Standards and Technology (Last update date 2009-09) (英 语).
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